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Cell Structure and Organization
5.1 Cell theory and size
What is a cell?
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Smallest unit of living matter
First discovered in 1700s with
microscope
Cell theory
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All organisms are made of cells
Cells are the smallest unit of living
matter
Cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells are self-reproducing
Why are cells so small?
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Surface area
Volume
Ratio determines
ability of substances
to enter cell
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Need high SA to vol.
ratio
Cell Structure and Organization
5.2 Prokaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic cell again?
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Pro = _______
Karyo = ________
Eu = ________
Prokaryotes include
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Archeae
Bacteria
What is inside a bacterial cell—1?
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No true organelles
Cell envelope
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Cell wall
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Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane
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Mesosomes
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Where most metabolic activities occur
Glycocalyx
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Capsule
What is inside a bacterial cell—2?
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Cytoplasm
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Nucleoid region
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Circular chromosome
anchored to _____
Plasmids
Ribosomes
Inclusion bodies
Thylakoids
(cyanobacteria)
Appendages
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Fimbriae
Flagella
Sex pili
What’s different inside an Archeae cell?
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More cell shape
diversity
No peptidoglycan
in cell wall
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Other similar
molecules
Most likely
ancestor for
eukaryotes
Cell Structure and Organization
5.3 Eukaryotic cells
What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotes
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Nucleus
True organelles
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Compartmentalization
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Membrane bound
Keeps incompatible rxns separate
Increases efficiency of rxns
Derived from prokaryotic
ancestor
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Endosymbiotic hypothesis
What organelles are found in eukaryotes?
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Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endomembrane
system
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
vesicles and
vacuoles
Choloroplast
(only in plant
cells)
What other structures are found in eukaryotes?
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Ribosome
Cytoskeleton
Centriole
Cilia and
flagella
What is the nucleus composed of?
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Chromatin
Chromosomes
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Nucleotides
Nuclear pore
What is the mitochondria composed of?
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Inner and outer
membrane
Cristae
Matrix
What are lysosome, peroxisomes ,veiscles and
vacuoles?
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Lysosomses
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Peroxisomes
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Specialized
Peroxides
Vesicles
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recycling system
Membraneous sacs
Vacuoles
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Larger than vesicles
What is the endomembrane system?
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Parts
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Nuclear
envelope
ER
Golgi
vesicles
Secretory
pathway
hypothesis
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Describes
production,
packaging and
export of
proteins
What are ribosomes?
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Protein synthesis
Two sub-units
Differ in ‘s’ value
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collect, package, and
distribute molecules
synthesized at one
location in the cell
and utilized at
another location
What kind of Cytoskeleton are present in the
cell?
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actin filaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
Functions:
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cell shape
cell movement
transport of materials
anchoring organelles
What are cilia and flagella?
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Cilia
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Flagella
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Whiplike
One or two
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9 + 2 pattern
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Hairlike
many
Functions:
 movement