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Cells: The Basic Unit of Life Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Facts *The human body has 10 -50 trillion cells * There are millions of different types of cells * Cells are constantly growing and dieing in your body * You were made by the joining of just two microscopic cells Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings A. The Cell Theory: 1. Cells are the smallest unit of life 2. All organisms are composed of cells 3. All cells come from other cells Cheek cell Blood cell Onion cell Muscle cell Figure 4.1x Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve cell B. All Cells have: 1. Cell membrane 2. Genetic material 3. Cytoplasm Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings C. Cells come in many shapes and sizes Figure 4.2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings D. 2 kinds of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic • 1. Prokaryotic cells - “before nucleus” - small, relatively simple cells – Found in single-celled organisms – No nucleus –Bacteria Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Prokaryotic cells : Bacillus polymyxa – A Rod shaped bacteria Figure 4.4x1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2. Eukaryotic cells - have a nucleus - larger than prokaryotes - often multicellular - animal, plant, protist & fungi (everything except bacteria) - membrane bound organelles Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cont. Nucleus Prokaryotic No Eukaryotic Yes DNA Ribosomes Size Organelles Free floating present Very small no In nucleus present larger yes Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings E. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells: 1. Animal cell Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings & 2. Plant cell Review: Cell Quiz • Your body is made of trillions of ________. • A cell that does not have a nucleus is a ______. • A cell that has its DNA free floating is______. • The cell theory states that ________. • Plant and animal cells are _______ cells. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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