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ART--REALISM
REALISM
To represent figures and objects exactly as
they act or appear in life
 A reaction in the mid-19th century to
romanticism
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PAINTING
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History had no importance, imagination was for
dreamers
Only what could be seen & experienced by the
artist was worthy subject matter
Glorified the working class & it’s activities
Not considered true art. Work was not accepted
by the Academy…organized their own exhibitthe Salon des Refuses or Exhibit of Refused Art
in Paris in 1863
Jean-Baptiste Corot
1796-1875
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Born in Paris-bourgeois
family & then studied in
Italy—harmony between
humans & their
environment
Devoted to landscape
paintings
Painted in small sketches
& then larger works
Painted what he saw-not
the impressions
The Bridge at Narni, 1826
Venise, La Piazetta, 1835
Ville D’Avray, 1867
Jean Francois Millet
1814-1875
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Born to a peasant family in
Normandy
Attached to the soil &
showed in his painting—
sowing seeds, harvesting,
ploughing, gleaning, etc.
Wanted to present the
dignity of farm work
Design was simple, light was
strong, shadows deep,
absolute realism in colours
form & simplicity
The Sower, 1850
Woman Baking Bread, 1854
The Gleaners, 1857
Honore Daumier
1808-1879
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Caricaturist in newspaper
Over 4000 drawings &
took shots at all
politicians
After 1848, began to paint
in private
Work featured common
people in daily activities
in Paris
Remained poor all his
life-lived in a cottage
provided by Corot
Gargantua, 1831
The Chess Players,1863
Advice to a Young Artist, 1860
Gustave Corbet
1819-1877
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Most effective spokesman
for Realism
The art of painting should
consist only in the
representation of objects
which the artist can see
and touch.
A social activists, who was
constantly in trouble
Self-Portrait (The Desperate Man),
1843-1845
Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850
Plage de Normandie, 1872-1875
ARCHTITECTURE
Was affected by the rapid growth of
industrialization in Western Europe
 The Industrial Revolution needed
structures, such as factories, railroad
stations warehouses, etc
 Created a demand for architects to plan
new types of buildings & use new
materials
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Great Exhibition of 1851
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1st commercial and
industrial World’s Fair
in London
Took place in the
Crystal Palace,
designed by Sir
Joseph Paxton
The Crystal Palace, 1851
LITERATURE
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Fiction was an observation of society
Dealt with the average working person
Inexpensive penny pamphlets and serialized
novels in newspapers and magazines brought
literature into every home
Books were lengthy, because authors were paid
by the word or instalment
Charles Dickens,
1812-1870
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Worked in a factory,
but learned shorthand
& became a court
reporter
Attacked the social
injustices of 19th
century England
Buried in Poet’s
Corner
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Novels included:
 Oliver
Twist, 1838
 Nicholas Nickleby, 1839
 A Christmas Carol, 1843
 David Copperfield, 1850
 A Tale of Two Cities,
1859
 Great Expectations,
1861
Thomas Hardy,
1840-1928
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1st was a poet, but turned to
prose for literary success
Novels were pessimistic
portrayals of life but had
elaborate plots and used
female protagonists
Novels were considered to be
some of the finest in the
English language
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Novels included:
 Far
From the Maddening
Crowd, 1874
 The Return of the Native, 1878
 The Mayor of Casterbridge,
1886
 Tess of the d”Urbervilles, 1891
George Eliiot,
1819-1880
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Mary Anne Evans
Created realistic portrayals of
the problems of the middle
class
Works were highly
intellectual & psychological,
regarded as a leading
English novelist
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Novels include:
 Scenes
of Clerical Life, 1858
 Adam Bede, 1859
 The Mill on the Floss, 1860
 Silas Marner, 1861
 Middlemarch, 1871
Fyodor Dostoevsky
1821-1881
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Exiled to Siberia, after
1848 revolutions
Wrote about political,
social & spiritual troubles
in 19th century Russia
Sank into a deep
depression after the
death of his wife, &
began to gamble
Influenced Ernest
Hemingway, James
Joyce & Virginia Wolfe,
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Novels included:
 Poor
Folk, 1846
 Notes from the
Underground, 1864
 Crime & Punishment,
1866
 The Gambler, 1867
 The Brothers
Karamazov, 1881
Leo Tolstoy,
1828-1910
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Born into an aristocratic
family
Veteran of the Crimean War
Regarded as one of the
greatest writers
The peak of realist fiction
Attacked the inequalities in
European society
When he died in 1910student protests
In late life became a fervent
Christian influences
Gandhi & Martin Luther
King
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Novels include;
 War
& Peace, 1865-1869
(Top 100 Books of all Time)
 Anna Karenina, 1875-1877
 The Death of Ivan Ilyich,
1886
MUSIC
Outgrew the ideals of romanticism
 Composer-conductor elevated into the
forefront-stood in front of the ensemble,
orchestra & introduced the baton
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FELIX MENDELSSOHN
1809-1847
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Began his career at
17, the overture for A
Midsummer Night’s
Dream
Credited with the
rediscovery of Bach’s
music
Best known for
chamber music
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drWZHgY-zFo
FREDERIC CHOPIN,
1810-1849
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Wrote exclusively for
piano solo
Music was melodic &
lyrical
Invented the musical form
of the ballad
Known for Waltzes
Influenced by Polish
folktales
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4C-oiN_KDD0
Love affair with George
Sand
RICHARD WAGNER,
1813-1883
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German composer
Revolutionized the
concept & structure of the
opera
Operas based on
German mythology
Tristan & Isolde (1859) his single greatest opera
Banned from Germany
for political activities