Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Four Ancient Civilizations And Their Ten Features Indus Valley 10 Features The term ‘Swastika’ derives from the ancient language of Sanskrit. It is a symbol of good luck for Hindus, Rebirth for Buddhists, and is found on architecture, coins, and pottery across many cultures around the world. The German Nazis rotated the symbol and used it as a symbol of their organization. They used the Swastika because they felt it would represent their Aryan lineage. Indus Valley Cities • Harappa • Mohenjo-Daro Government • Well-Organized Government • Possibly led by powerful priest-kings Gateway at Harappa Indus Valley Religion • Polytheistic • Mother Goddess (Source of creation) • Honored animals, including the bull Job Specialization • Farmers provided food for the civilization • Priests • Potters • Merchants • Traders • Experts in Mathematics Traders Social Classes • While much of the civilization is shrouded in mystery, experts suspect there was a typical hierarchical order. The Indus Valley hosted cultural diversity, and many languages and traditions. Indus Valley Arts and Architecture • Clay bricks to build houses • Well-Planned Cities • Great Bath of MohenjoDaro Great Bath -Mohenjo Daro Indus Valley Public Works • Modern Plumbing • Sewers underneath the streets • Baths • Grid-Patterned Cities Indus Valley Script Writing • Indus Valley Script Indus Valley Geography • The Indus , Ganges, and Brahmaputra Rivers • South Asia • Subcontinent • By the Indian Ocean • Well-Watered Northern Plains • Dry Triangular Deccan – plateau • Coastal Plains • Snow-Covered Mountains – Himalayas – Hindu Kush • Monsoons Legacy • Largest area controlled by any civilization until the Persians came along. • Great architecture • Well-Planned Cities • 1st to cultivate cotton and weave it into cloth • Much of the Civilization is still shrouded in mystery 10 Features Mesopotamia • • • • • Cities Ur Kish Erech Babylon Sumer • • • • Government City-States Ruled by one ruler or king Priests had some power Scribes kept records and collected taxes The City-State of Ur Mesopotamia Religion • Polytheistic • Worshipped in sacred temples called Ziggurats Job Specialization • • • • • • Merchants Scribes Farmers Priests Kings Warriors Carving in Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Social Classes • Social Hierarchy – – – – – Royal Family Officials and Priests Merchants & Artisans Farmers/Peasants Servants/Slaves Ziggurat Arts and Architecture • Ziggurats • Palaces Mesopotamia Public Works • Steles—Hammurabi’s Code of Laws • Defensive Walls • Temples • Palaces • Roads • Irrigation Systems Proto-Cuneiform Subject: Beer Rations Writing • Cuneiform – Transformed as the civilization advanced Mesopotamia • • • • Geography Fertile Crescent Tigris River Euphrates River Dark, rich soil Hammurabi’s Code of Laws Stele, made of Diorite Maintained in Louvre, Paris Legacy • Hammurabi’s Code of Laws – 1st Set of Laws • The First Wheel • 1st Empire • First form of writing Egypt 10 Features Egypt Cities • Giza • Sais • Heliopolis Yul Brynner as Pharaoh Rameses II -The Ten Commandments (1956) Government • Pharaoh—God-like • Priests Egypt Religion • Polytheistic • Believed in the afterlife • Believed the pharaoh was directly related to the gods – God-like Amon Ra -God Of Ancient Egypt • • • • • • • • • Job Specialization Government officials Crafters Traders Merchants Farmers Workers Overseers Warriors Priests Egypt Arts and Architecture • Great Sphinx • Pyramids • Tombs • Hieroglyphics • Sculptures • Pottery • Coffins • Make-Up Social Classes • Hierarchy – – – – – – – – – Ruling Family High Priests Nobles Merchants Scribes Artisans Farmers Workers Slaves Tomb Painting -Valley of the Kings Egypt • • • • • • Public Works Pyramids Temples Roads Tombs Structures to control the flooding Nile River Irrigation Systems Writing • Hieroglyphics The Great Pyramids -Giza Plateau Hieroglyphics Egypt Geography Bronze Cat Statuette -Ancient Egypt Anubis Finishing Mummification -Tomb of Amennakht • Hot and Dry • Dessert • Fertile Area Around the Nile River • North Africa Legacy • • • • • Pyramids Mummification Art Treasure Academics Tutankhamun's visceral coffin China 10 Features China Cities • Anyang • Luoyang • Zhengzhou Government • Empire • Emperor • Shang Kings Shang Tang China Religion • Polytheistic • Shangdi • Mother Goddess Shangdi Job Specialization • • • • • • • Peasants/Workers Farmers Artisans Merchants Officials Warriors Silk Makers China Social Classes • Hierarchy – – – – Royal Family Noble Warriors Artisans and Merchants Peasants Arts and Architecture • • • • • • • • Calligraphy Palaces Sculptures Paintings Temples Oracle Bones Bronze Work Iron Work Chinese Calligraphy China The Great Wall of China (Winter) Public Works • Palaces • Temples • Irrigation • The Great Wall of China • Dams Writing • Calligraphy The Great Wall of China (Summer) China Legacy Geography • Silk Thread and Clothing • High Mountain Ranges – Tien Shan • First Books – Zhou Period • • Silk Road • • The Great Wall of China • • Ancient Chinese Landscape Painting Handscroll; Ink & pale color on silk • • • – Himalayas Deserts Jungles Pacific Ocean Yellow Sea Huang He River Wei River Yangzi River Shang King