Download Introduction to Operating Systems

Introduction to Operating
Systems
Lesson 9
Introduction to Network
Operating Systems
Gorman, Stubbs, & CEP Inc.
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Objectives
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Describe what a network is and why networks are
important in business today.
Distinguish between a local area network and a
wide area network.
Describe the differences between a peer-to-peer
network and a client server network.
Describe the differences between the three
common topologies: bus, star and ring.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Objectives (continued)
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Describe the differences between the four
popular types of network media: twisted-pair
cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and
wireless.
Describe the difference between Ethernet and
token ring.
Discuss where networking is headed in the
future.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
What Is Networking?
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The ability to access multiple files at the same
time
The ability to share hardware resources, such as
printers
The ability of multiple users to access the same
file at the same time
The ability to communicate in real time
The ability to streamline the process of data
backup
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
What Are Ways to Describe a
Network?
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Geography
Whether or not the network uses a server
Topology
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
How Can a Network Be Described
by Geography?
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A local area network (LAN) consists of
computers located near each other.
A wide area network (WAN) is two or more
LANs connected together over a wide
geographic area.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
How Can a Network Be Described
by Its Use of a Server?
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A peer-to-peer network means that all computers
on the network have an equal relationship with
one another. There is no hierarchy in this
structure.
A client/server network is a hierarchy where
individual nodes share information and
resources through a central computer called a
server.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
What Is Topology?
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Topology is the physical layout of the cables
and devices that connect the nodes to the
network.
There are three basic topologies:
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Bus
Star
Ring
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Bus Topology
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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It requires less cabling.
It is less expensive.
It is difficult to troubleshoot.
A broken connection can crash the entire
system.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Star Topology
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Each device is isolated on its own cable.
All data goes through a central point.
It allows for isolation of traffic on the network.
A broken connection does not render all communication
impossible.
More cable is required.
Hub failure can disable large segments of the network.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Ring Topology
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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There are no dangers of data collisions
because only one packet may travel the ring
at a time.
A break in the ring can disable the entire
network.
Networking devices tend to be more
expensive.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Network Media
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Media refers to the wires, cables, and other
means by which data travels from one
destination to another.
Four common types:
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Twisted-pair cable
Coaxial cable
Fiber-optic cable
Wireless
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Twisted-pair Cable
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Advantage
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Disadvantage
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Less expensive
Considered a low-bandwidth medium
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Coaxial Cable
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Advantages
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Disadvantage
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Less susceptible to interference
Can carry large amounts of data
Expensive
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Fiber-optic Cable
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Greater bandwidth than metal cables
Less susceptible to interference
Thinner and lighter than metal cables
Data can be transmitted digitally
Expensive
Difficult to install and split
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Wireless
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Advantage
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Disadvantage
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Greater bandwidth
Expensive
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Which Cable to Use?
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Budget
Bandwidth
Placement
Scope
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Ethernet
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Most common network technology used
Detects collisions of data between two nodes
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Token Ring
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Has a controlling node that creates a token
that is passed to every node on the network
until it reaches its destination or the end of
the ring
Remedies data-collision problems because
only one node can transmit data at a time
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Network Operating Systems
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The group of programs that manages the resources
on the network
This book will cover the following:
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Mac OS X
Windows XP
Windows 2000 Professional
Windows NT Workstation
Novell NetWare
Linux
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Future of Networking
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The Internet will rule.
Wireless will be the norm.
Computers will be everywhere.
Language user interfaces will replace the
graphical user interface.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Summary
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The term network means the connection of
computers for communication, exchange of
information, and sharing of resources.
Two kinds of networks are LAN and WAN.
In a peer-to-peer network, all nodes are equal;
there is no hierarchy. A client server network is a
hierarchy in which individual nodes share
resources and information through a central
server.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Summary (continued)
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Topology refers to the physical layout of the
cables and devices that connect the nodes to
the network. The three common topologies are
bus, star, and ring.
The four common methods for connecting a
network are twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable,
fiber-optic cable, and wireless technology.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems
Summary (continued)
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Ethernet is the most common networking
technology.
Experts predict the following five trends for the
future of networking: The desktop will no longer
be the norm, the Internet will rule, wireless will
be the norm, computers will be everywhere, and
the machine/human interaction will become
more integrated.
Lesson 9 – Introduction to Network Operating Systems