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A long time ago in a galaxy far, far
away…
No, this is not Star Wars…
But, we will learn about stars
and the universe…
Spiral Galaxy
Elliptical Galaxy
A view from Earth
A view from Earth
This is the North Star Polaris
Stars
• Middle
aged Star
• Not the
oldest
• Not the
brightest
• Not the
most colorful
Our Sun
• Not the
hottest or
coldest star
Star Sizes
Solar System
The Planets
Sun (Sol)
Our Star
• About 9940°F
• Gravity - 27.94
• A 200 pound man would weigh 5588 lbs
Mercury
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 59 Earth days
1 year – 88 Earth days
Gravity – 0.38
A 200 pound man would weigh 76 lbs
Average Temp -297°F to 800°F
1st Planet
• In Roman mythology Mercury is the god of
commerce, travel and thievery
• The core is likely composed of 60 to 70%
iron by mass
• A solid rocky mantle surrounds the core
with a thin crust of about 100 kilometers.
Venus
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 243 Earth days
1 year – 224 Earth days
Gravity – 0.9
A 200 pound man would weigh 180 lbs
Average Temp 896°F
2nd Planet
• Venus is the goddess of love and beauty.
The planet is so named probably because
it is the brightest of the planets known to
the ancients.
• Composition is probably the same as
Earth’s
Earth
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 23 hours 56 minutes
1 year – 365.25 Earth days
Gravity – 1.0
A 200 pound man would weigh 200 lbs
Average Temp 57°F
3rd Planet
• The name derives from Old English and Germanic
• 1) the inner core: a solid metal made up of nickel and
iron (1200 km diameter)
2) the outer core: a liquid molten core of nickel and iron
3) the mantle: dense and mostly solid silicate rock
4) the crust: thin silicate rock material
• The temperature increases rapidly up to 9000 F in the
core
Earth’s Moon
•
•
•
•
Orbits the Earth once every 27.3 days
Gravity – 0.1654
A 200 pound man would weigh 33.08 lbs
Average temperature -63.4°F
Mars
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 24 hours 37 minutes
1 year – 687 Earth days
Gravity – 0.38
A 200 pound man would weigh 76 lbs
Average Temp -81°F
4th Planet
• Mars is the god of War. The planet
probably got this name due to its red color
• Composition is probably the same as
Earth’s
Jupiter
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 9 hours 55 minutes
1 year – 11.86 Earth years
Gravity – 2.64
A 200 pound man would weigh 528 lbs
Average Temp -202°F
5th Planet
• Jupiter was the King of the Gods, the ruler
of Olympus and the patron of the Roman
state. Zeus was the son of Cronus
• Jupiter's composition is mainly hydrogen
and helium
Saturn
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 10 hours 39 minutes
1 year – 29 Earth years
Gravity – 1.16
A 200 pound man would weigh 232 lbs
Average Temp -202°F
6th Planet
• In Roman mythology, Saturn is the god of
agriculture
• Saturn's interior composition is primarily that of
simple molecules such as hydrogen and helium,
which are liquids under the high pressure
environments found in the interiors of the outer
planets, and not solids.
Uranus
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 17 hours 14 minutes
1 year – 84 Earth years
Gravity – 1.11
A 200 pound man would weigh 222 lbs
Average Temp -328°F
7th Planet
• Uranus is the ancient Greek deity of the
Heavens, the earliest supreme god
• The plain aquamarine face of Uranus confirms
the fact that Uranus is covered with clouds. The
sameness of the planet's appearance shows
that the planet's atmosphere is mostly
composed of one thing, methane
Neptune
•
•
•
•
•
1 day – 16 hours 7 minutes
1 year – 165 Earth years
Gravity – 1.21
A 200 pound man would weigh 242 lbs
Average Temp -328°F
8th Planet
• In Roman mythology Neptune
was the god of the Sea
• The atmosphere of Neptune, similar to
Uranus, consists of mainly hydrogen,
methane, and helium