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Earth Science
Chapter 27 Review
A plot of surface
temperatures against their
absolute magnitude

Constellation map
A star that experiences
regular changes in
brightness over time

Cepheid variable
Cloud of gas and dust in
space

nebula
Apparent change in position
of an object resulting from a
change in the angle or in the
position from which it is
viewed

parallax
Stars in the Northern
Hemisphere that circle
Polaris

circumpolar
A display of colors and lines
made when starlight passes
through a device for
separating light

spectrum
Patterns of stars that appear
fixed in the sky

constellations
A device for separating light
into different colors

spectroscope
Measure of a star’s
brightness as it appears
from earth

Apparent magnitude
An explosion 100 times
brighter than a nova

supernova
Process in which smaller
atomic nuclei combine into
larger atomic nuclei

Nuclear fusion
Body of gas that gives off
radiant energy in the form of
light and heat

star
Happens when a star moves
away from the earth

Red shift
All stars have ____
composition.

different
Which apparent magnitude
would appear brightest? 10,
5, or -5?

5
A large group of stars

galaxy
Stars have all ____ colors.

different
What stage is the earliest
development of a star?

Neutron star
Object with gravity so great
that not even light can
escape it

Black hole
How far is the sun from the
earth?

8.3 light-minutes
What stage of stellar
evolution is the longest?

Main-sequence
Brightness of a star as it
appears from earth

Apparent magnitude
A star’s actual motion
(can/cannot) be seen with
the naked eye.

cannot
What would a star moving
toward the earth display?

Blue shift
Graph that shows the
relationship between
temperature and magnitude
of a star

HR diagram
A main-sequence star
maintains a stable size as
long as it has an ample
supply of hydrogen to fuse
into _____.

helium
What stage of stellar
evolution is characterized by
the fusion of hydrogen
atoms into helium atoms?

Main-sequence
Stars too massive to form
neutron stars may form a

Black hole
In which stage of stellar
evolution does combined
hydrogen fusion and helium
fusion cause a star’s outer
shell to expand?

Red giant
At what temperatures within
a protostar does nuclear
fusion begin?

10,000,000 degrees C
Which type of star maintains
a stable size because the
energy from fusion balances
the force of gravity?

Main-sequence
How much of its hydrogen
has the sun converted to
helium?

5%