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Analyzing
Globular
Clusters
Minyoung Jang
Elise Pasoreck
Shankar Iyer
A Sample Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
M13—V Filter Image
M13—B Filter Image
T(kK) = (12.88)(CI + 1)-1.61 kiloKelvins
tavg(years) = (3.9801 x 1028)T-4.93 years
Range:
926 million –
5.44 billion
TwinJet Nebula
Jedi Masters
Pluto and the Cosmological
Constant
Doug Swanson, Sheila Prakash, Vicky Lent
History of the Cosmological Constant
• Concept developed in 1917 by Einstein to
make the universe static
• Cosmological constant (Λ) initially
negative
• Discarded in 1929 after Hubble discovered
the red shift of distant galaxies
• However, recent evidence indicates Λ may
exist, but with positive value
• Every object in the
universe should be
affected by Λ
G (r ) 
• Since Pluto is the
farthest easily
measured object
from the Sun, we
chose it to observe
4r v
3
4r v
G (r ) 
3
Procedure
• Took 4 exposures of
Pluto from 7/31 to 8/6
• Aligned pictures with
imaging software
• Measured Pluto’s
linear and angular
velocity (ω)
• Calculated upper limit
for cosmological
constant
3G 2
 4 
c
Λ < 8.51 x 10-62 rad2/kg
Crescent Nebula
Project Vega
What elements are in the star?
Abigail Huang
Gary Yen
Self Guided Spectrometer
Pick up your diffraction gratings!
Spectra!
Vega Spectrum
Wavelengths of Spectral Lines
Accepted (A)
3889 HI
3934 Ca K
3970 HI 4861 HI 5169 FeII
6562 HI
6869 O2
3930 HI 4860 HI 5170 FeII
6570 HI
6830 O2
0.0193% reference
-0.568%
Experimental (A)
3350 HI
3660 Ca K
% Error
-13.9%
-6.96%
-1.01%
reference
Total Error: -4.48%
Project Vega
• Successful collection of spectrum
• -4.48% error of lines
• Vega – H(I), Ca, Fe(II),O2
Horsehead Nebula
Cone Nebula
Mark Saigh
Chang Kim
What is a Quasar?
• A Type of Active Galaxy
• Powered by Supermassive Black Hole
Can You Identify the Quasar
in This Field of View?
(Fuhgetaboutit!)
How to Identify a Quasar
Look for a Redshift
How to Identify a Quasar
(continued)
• Broad Emission Lines
• Few Absorption Lines
3C345: Our Quasar
You may notice that 3C345 is quite atypical, not only
in its brightness, but also in its appearance:
Quasar 3C345
Right Ascension: 16h 42´58´
Variable Magnitude of 15 to 17
Declination: +39º 48´36"
Detected Redshift: 0.595
39º 48´36"
Obtained Spectral Data
Spectral Lines of Quasar 3C345 Compared to That of Mercury
Wavelength vs. Intensity Spectral Graph
Analysis
• Broad Absorption Lines
• Not Comparable to a Typical Quasar Spectrum
• Not Stellar in Nature
• A Galactic Object or an Atypical Quasar
Conclusion
• High Magnitude and Low Redshift:
Relatively Close to Earth
Not as Old as Typical Quasar
• Might Mean 3C345 is in Process of Evolving into Active Galaxy
Conclusions
•Age of the Milky Way ≈ 5.44 billion years
•Λ < 8.51 x 10-62 rad2 / kg
•Vega is composed of: H(I), Ca, Fe(II), O2
•Quasar 3C345 is evolving into an active
galaxy.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following
institutions and people for enabling us to
conduct this research:
The State of New Jersey
Drew University
Dr. David Miyamoto
Dr. Keith Andrew
Karen Mooney