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Biology Metaphors Presented by Engineering Group: William Bernabe Vincent Cecilio Tayar Kyu Chris Niznik Gustavo Suarez Molecular Biology Metaphors http://scienceblogs.com/purepedantry/2006/09/molecular_biology_ metaphors.php This website posts an article from the NY Times. This article is about the lack of useful biological terms in metaphors in comparison to more technically based fields. Metaphor referring to have patience: "Don't get your DNA in a twist"? Metaphor to describing greedy senators: “That Senator latched on to pork in the highway funding bill like GAL4 binds to a UAS sequence.” Metaphor coming from anatomy, referring to coming up with a victory against insurmountable odds: “jaws of defeat” (Also could be a mixed metaphor “agony of defeat” and “jaws of life” mechanism.) More Bio-metaphors http://www.global-dialog.org/mvd/wMorebiomet.html This site is a compilation of various articles. This specific article is describing the way that a simple organism functions by having multiple single celled organisms working together. Metaphor referring to the similarities between society and simple organisms: “the organization of cells in a multi-celled individual, or the organization of individuals into a social unit” Metaphors in biology. http://www.ishpssb.org/ocs/viewpaper.php?id=279&print=1 Theory of evolution Several metaphors were used more around the conception and spread of the theory of evolution. “adaptive landscape”- A metaphor used to describe the bring in the idea of evolution. - Relates to botany. Medical Metaphors and the Middle East http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/medical-metaphors-and-middle-east This site posts an article from the Newark Star Ledger. This article is about how propagandistic media and government entities use medical metaphors in the MiddleEast. “Cancer” -Used to demonize opposition groups “Surgically Removing” - Used to sell the idea that opposition groups can be removed with commandoes or special units and that civilians will be spared. Despite the useful metaphors no such things can be completed in reality. In wars many innocent civilians are harmed and killed. Many times opposition groups are defending the local population. Medicine is war: and other medical metaphors Paul Hodgkin http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=1419170&pageindex=1 This site posts an article from British Medical Journal. This article is about we conceptualize illness and health. “Medicine is War”- Refers to the view that health professionals have against illness. They are at a constant battle with sickness. “The body is a machine”- Refers to the complexity of the bio-mechanical, electro-chemical systems that constitute our bodies. “Diseases are objects”- The conceptualization of illnesses as things that exist. We say “He’s got the Mumps.” We don’t say “he’s Mumping.” Said What? http://www.saidwhat.co.uk/spoon/metaphors.php This site contains the explanation what the metaphor is and the list of different metaphors. “A metaphor is like a simile. That's because it is a comparison that is made between things, which is not always likely or obvious.” Examples of metaphors: “He has the heart of a lion” “You are the sun in my sky” “She is my East and my West, my compass.” “Fire is day, when it goes out it's night” “Love is a lemon - either bitter of sweet”