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Final Exam
Review
Regents Earth Science
Ms. Moynihan
6/1/15
1. How many stations do you need
seismographic data from to locate
the epicenter of an earthquake?
*
Every Tuesday & Thursday after school
A173 w/ Ms. Moynihan
A347 w/ Mrs. Dooher
3 PM – 3:55 PM
Starting Tues. May 26th – June 11th
*
Part D Lab Practical
Thursday & Friday, June 11th & 12th
In Class
Earth Science Written Exam
Parts A,B,C
Friday, June 19th 8:30 AM
3 Lab Stations:
1.
Identify 2 rocks as igneous, sedimentary or
metamorphic. Identify 4 characteristics of
a mineral sample. (7 points)
2.
Identify the location of an epicenter, using
ESRT page 11. (4 points)
3.
Draw an elliptical orbit, calculate its
eccentricity. Compare its eccentricity to
that of a planet. (4 points)
*Igneous
- Contains crystals
– gas pockets/vesicular
- glassy
*Sedimentary
-Contains fossils
-conglomerate
- Contains pebbles/visible fragments
*Metamorphic
- banding/layering of minerals
- metal-like reflective crystals
P wave arrival time: __________
S wave arrival time: __________
Difference in arrival time: _____ min ____ sec
Use ESRT page 11
Distance to the epicenter
________ km
Draw the circle for _____ km
For station Z, using the
compass.
Place an “X” where the
Epicenter is located.
Take Supplies:
1. 1 board, Styrofoam side DOWN
2. 2 push pins
3. Metric Ruler
4. Pencil (if you don’t have one)
5. String
6. Calculator (if you don’t have one)
*
Foci
X
X
foci
Major Axis
Fossils that can identify specific
geological bedrock layers.
Index Fossils are:
Widespread
Abundant
Live in a short period of
time
Rock like structures formed from the
remains of cyanobacteria and precipitation
of minerals.
Strata – A horizontal layer of
material, especially one of several
parallel layers arranged one on
top of another.
A bed or layer of sedimentary
rock having approximately the
same composition throughout.
.
.
This principle states that layers of
sediment are originally deposited
horizontally under the action of gravity.
The principle is important to the
analysis of folded and tilted strata.
Sedimentary layers
are deposited in a
time sequence, with
the oldest on the
bottom and the
youngest on the
top.
A geological fold occurs when one
or a stack of originally flat
surfaces are bent or curved as a
result of permanent deformation
due to stress or pressure.
Tilting (and folding) of strata is the
result of tectonic movement - most
commonly caused by forces related
to mountain building.
-a radiometric dating method that uses (14C) to
determine the age of carbonaceous materials.
- One of the frequent uses of the technique is
to date organic remains from archaeological
sites up to about 60,000 years ago.
-Plants fix atmospheric carbon during
photosynthesis, so the level of 14C in plants
and animals when they die approximately
equals the level of14C in the atmosphere at
that time.
-However, it decreases thereafter from
radioactive decay, allowing the date of
death or fixation to be estimated.
*
Half Life - is the amount of time required for
a quantity to fall to half its value as
measured at the beginning of the time
period. Most often used within the context of
nuclear physics.
It is the time required for half of the
unstable, radioactive atoms in a sample
to undergo radioactive decay.
*
Uranium-238, the most prevalent
isotope in uranium ore, has a half-life of
about 4.5 billion years;
That is, half the atoms in any sample
will decay in that amount of time.
*
* Sample Problem:
1.
Given the ½ life of 14carbon, how much of a 100g sample
would be converted to 14N:
a)
After 11,400 years?
a)
After 17,100 years?
Used to demonstrate that the Earth
“spins” or rotates about its axis once
every 24 hours!
http://www.calacademy.org/products/pendulum/page2.htm
*
1) Complete any missing labs
2) Geological History of NY State
3) Review for Regents Exam
- Study Note sheets
- Do practice problems
4) Complete Any Extra Credit Assignments
Regents
Earth Science
Exam Review
Ms. Moynihan
*
Draw the cross section of the stream bottom
at X-Y.
X
Y
Stream surface
X
Y
Parts A,B,C
Friday, June 19th 8:30 AM
Check schedule for your
Room # _______
o
o
o
Bring 2 # 2 pencils
Bring a calculator
NO CELL PHONES ALLOWED!
*Tuesday,– Mr. Lanik
, Room M225
*Wednesday,– Mrs. Dooher
, Room A347
*Thursday,– Ms. Moynihan
, Room A174
*
3.5 b.y.a. First evidence of life on Earth
4.5 b.y.a. Age of the Earth-Big Bang Theory
13.2 b.y.a. Age of the Milky Way Galaxy
13.7 b.y.a. Approximate age of the
Universe
The conditions in a system in which
everything is balance.
“Uniform in every direction” – something
that doesn’t change with the conditions
•
A buried eroded surface separating 2 rock
masses of different ages.
•
A break in the sedimentary geological record.
Sedimentary
Crystalline rock
Raised up, as in mountain building.
The Earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days
The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours (it
rotates 360o/24 hrs.=15oper hour)
The Moon revolves around the Earth once every 29 days
The moon rotates on its axis once every 27-29 days
The sun & stars DO NOT move in an orbit, BUT the
universe is expanding (red shift).
Constellations change w/the season b/c the Earth is
revolving around the sun
Al stars form from collapsing clouds
interstellar gas and dust.
The constellation Ursa Minor
contains the group of stars
called the Little Dipper.
The most famous star in Ursa
Minor is Polaris, the North Star.
This is the star that is nearest to
the North Celestial Pole.
If you stood at the north pole,
Polaris would be almost directly
overhead – if you see URSA
Minor you can always tell which
way is north.
YOU CAN SEE URSA MINOR
in EVERY SEASON of THE
YEAR IN THE Northern
Hemisphere.
FUSION
Happens at the surface of the sun and all stars!
Note: Sun is to the Right!
What the moon looks like from Earth!
Waxing
Gibbous
First Quarter
Waxing
Crescent
New
Full
New
Earth
Moo
n
Moon
Moon
Last Quarter
Waning
Gibbous
What the moon looks like from outer space
Waning
Crescent
SUN
*
*
. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis
Effect causes winds and ocean currents to veer
off to the RIGHT.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
 The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation
 Travels in Waves
 Cosmic microwave radiation is about 3o Kelvin
Greenhouse Effect
Pollution/burning of fossil fuels
CO2 in the atmosphere increases
CO2 prevents radiation from re-radiating out of
the atmosphere so temp of the earth increases.
Polar ice caps melt at a faster rate,
raising sea levels.
Also, the climate in crop growing areas may
become too warm to grow food.
The most abundant naturally
occurring greenhouse gas is:
water vapor
Others are:
Carbon dioxide
Methane and Nitrous oxide
Chemical Weathering – breakdown of rock
resulting in a change in chemical or mineral
composition.
Examples: Water – Acid Rain
Physical Weathering – breakdown of rock into
smaller particles with no chemical change.
Examples:
Biological - Plant Action or Animal Action
Frost Action
Abrasion
*
Running water
Wind
Glaciers/ Ice
Waves
Gravity
A U-Shaped Valley is Formed by Glaciers
A V-Shaped Valley is Formed by Rivers
*
*Wind is caused by a difference in air
pressure from place to place.
* Wind causes weather!
Wind is the movement of air all around us air has currents!
Convection currents!
Atmospheric
pressure is
measured
using a
barometer.
Wind speed
is measured
using an
anemometer.
Wind direction is
measured by a
weather vane.
*
002
-3\
Pressure trend over
past 3 hours
The air in a room has a dry‐bulb
temperature of 26oC and a
wet‐bulb temperature of 24oC.
Determine: ESRT p. 12
1. The dew‐point temperature.
2. The relative humidity.
The air in a room has a dry‐bulb
temperature of 26oC and a
wet‐bulb temperature of 24oC.
Step 1: DEWPOINT oC
Difference: wet bulb – dry bulb =
26-24 = 2oC
Step 2: look at top table –
Dewpoint = 23oC
The air in a room has a dry‐bulb
temperature of 26oC and a
wet‐bulb temperature of 24oC.
Step 1: Relative Humidity %
Difference: wet bulb – dry bulb =
26-24 = 2oC
Step 2: look at bottom table –
Relative Humidity = 85%
1. What is a front?
2. What typically forms at fronts?
3. What type of heat transfer
occurs to move tropical air
masses toward the poles and
polar air masses toward the
equator?
1. A front is the boundary that forms
when 2 unlike air masses meet.
2.Clouds and precipitation often form
at fronts. Light precipitation ahead of
a warm front, rain storms ahead of
cold fronts.
3.Convection currents cause warm air
near the equator (tropical air masses)
to move toward the poles and cold air
at the poles (polar air masses) to
move toward the equator.
1)How does wind start – uneven heating of
the surface of the Earth by solar radiation.
2) The North & South Pole are always cold.
3) Warm air rises at the equator & cold air
sinks at the North & South poles and the wind
mixes the air.
4) The windiest time of day is the afternoon.
5) Jet streams are the major means of
transporting weather systems.
WINDWARD SIDE
LEEWARD SIDE
As air rises it expands & cools, then
Density = mass (grams)
Volume (milliliters)
Gradient = change in field value
distance
Rate of change = change in value
time
Eccentricity=distance between foci
length of major axis
*
1) How the Earth Was Made (1:30)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLMeA3M_PaU