Download Space

Space
By Aarav
5M
Contents
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. The Sun (page 1)
8.Uranus ( page 8)
2. Mercury (page 2) 9. Neptune and Pluto
3. Venus ( page 3 )
(page 9)
4. Earth ( page 4 )
Glossary ( page 10)
5. Mars ( page 5 )
6. Jupiter (page 6)
7. Saturn ( page 7)
The Sun
• The Sun, as we see it, is a huge ball of very hot
gas measuring about 1,380,000 kilometers in
diameter. Dark spots can often be seen on the
Sun’s surface, these are known as sun spots
and they come and go frequently. These spots
stand out as patches since they are cooler as
compared to the hot area by which they are
surrounded. Huge flames called prominences
are constantly shot of the surface of the Sun.
Mercury
• Almost twice the size of Pluto and 4879
kilometers in the diameter, Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun at a distance of only 57.9
million kilometers. It only takes 58.65 days to
revolve once on its axis which means that it has a
day which is equal to 180 Earth days. Like Venus,
Mercury does not have any moons: Mercury has
the highest orbital velocity because of which it
takes 88 days to complete on revolution around
the Sun.
Venus
• Next to Mercury, Venus is the hottest and the
brightest planet in the Sun family. Venus has a
diameter of 12,104 kilometers and is located
108 million kilometers from the Sun. Venus
rotates on its axis in a clockwise direction in
243.16 days thus having a four year day. It
travels at a speed of 35 kilometers per second
and takes about 225 days to orbit the Sun
once.
Earth
• Our planet , the Earth, is a part of the Sun’s
family and is located about 150 million
kilometers away from it. The Earth took close
100 million years to become a glowing ball
comprising of molten rock. Volcanoes on the
surface regularly threw out this molten rock
and other gases.
Mars
Mars, the fourth planet in the Sun’s family and has a
diameter of 6,794 kilometers and its orbits at a
distance of 228 million kilometers from the Sun. The
surface gravity on Mars is 0.38 of the Earth’s gravity.
Mars moves at a 24 kilometres per second and takes
about 780 days to complete one revolution around
the Sun. One rotation on its own axis is completed in
about 24 hours and 37 minutes. It has two moons
called Phobos, which is 23 kilometres in diameter and
Demos which is 13 kilometres in diameter.
Jupiter
Jupiter is largely made out of liquids, gases and
swirling clouds of hydrogen and helium. These
liquids and gases become denser and denser as
we move towards the planet’s center. Jupiter is
the largest planet in the Solar System with a
diameter of 1,42,884 kilometres. Besides this it is
also the fastest spinning planet, it takes only 9
hours and 50 minutes to complete one rotation.
It is a cold planet with temperatures as low as 150o centigrade.
Saturn
• Saturn is the sixth planet, in order of the
revolution, in the family of the Sun. It has a
diameter 1,20,536 kilometres and is located
in orbit about 1427 million kilometres away
from the Sun. Saturn is 95 times larger and
has a surface gravity 1.16 as compared to
Earth.
Uranus
Uranus was discovered by William Herschel in the
year 1781. Herschel built the largest telescope of
that age to do so. Located at about 2890 kilometres
from the Sun, Uranus is the seventh planet in our
Solar System. Third largest in size, Uranus has a
diameter of 51,118 kilometres and it is about 15
times the size of Earth but has a surface gravity of
only 0.93 as compared to Earth. Uranus takes 17
hours to spin on its axis and about 84 years to
complete one revolution around the Sun.
Neptune and Pluto
Neptune is the eighth planet and farthest planet from the
Sun in the Solar System. Till around 1929, the outermost
planet known to man was Neptune. In 1915, the American
astronomer; Percival Lowell discovered that the movement of
Uranus and Neptune was affected by something which
existed beyond Neptune. This opinion led to the search of the
new planet and it was in February 1930 that an astronomer
named Tombaugh discovered Pluto, the ninth planet. Pluto
has a diameter of about 2445 kilometres which is about onefifth of the Earth’s and it takes 6 days and 9 hours to
complete one rotation around the axis.
Atmosphere
• The Earth is surrounded by a thick blanket of air, called the
atmosphere, which is made up of about 20 gases. The two
main gases are oxygen and nitrogen. It also contains water
vapor and dust particles.
• Air is matter and, like all matter, it has weight. Weight is the
measure of the pull of gravity on matter. If you place a stone
on a pair of scales and it weighs 5 kilograms, it means that
gravity is pulling the stone with a force of 5 kilograms.
• Earth's gravity pulls on each particle of gas and dust in the
atmosphere. If it was possible to place this on a pair of scales
it would weigh about 5,700,000,000,000,000 (quadrillion)
tons !
Water Vapor
• Water vapor exists as an invisible gas in air.
The amount of water vapor in air varies
according to the temperature and density of
air. The amount of water vapor ranges from a
trace amount up to 4% of the mass of air. Hot
air can hold more water vapor than cold air,
so the amount of water vapor is highest in
hot, tropical areas and lowest in cold, polar
regions.
How many moons does each planet
have???
• All planets have at least one moon, except for
Mercury and Venus, which have none. Earth
has only one moon, Mars has two, Jupiter has
63 known moons, Saturn has 61, Uranus is
orbited by 27 moons and Neptune has a total
of 13 moons. Although Pluto is no longer
considered a planet, we do know Pluto is
orbited by 3 moons too.
Solar Eclipse
• A solar eclipse in when the Moon passes in
front of the Sun casting a shadow on the Earth
(this is also known as an occultation). As the
Sun’s distance from Earth is around 400 times
the Moon’s distance and the Sun’s diameter is
around 400 times the Moon’s diameter, the
Sun and the Moon as seen from Earth appear
to be approximately the same size. There are
several sorts of eclipses; partial, annular and
total.
Glossary
• frequently: often many time; at short intervals
• Prominences: an eruption of a flamelike
tongue of relatively cool, high- density gas
from the solar chromosphere into the corona
where it can be seen during a solar eclipse or
by observing strong spectral lines in its
emission spectrum.
• Orbital velocity: the minimum velocity at
which a body must move to maintain a given
orbit.
Glossary (page 2)
• Surface gravity: something that pulls you to the
ground.
• Contraction: The change in a muscle by which it
becomes thickened and shortened.
• Comprising: Ex: My classroom was comprising 6
Indians, 7 British, 1 Australian, 2 Indonesian, 2
Japanese, 1 Vietnamese, 1 Dutch, 1 German,1
Belgian.
• Hydrogen and helium: 2 different type of gases
Glossary( page 3)
• Diameter: a straight line passing through the
center of a circle or a sphere and meeting the
circumference or surface at each end.
• Revolution: A procedure or course, as in a
circuit, it goes back to the starting point.
• Astronomer: an expert in astronomy; a
scientist observer of celestial bodies.
• Axis: The line about which a rotating body ,
such as the earth, turns.
Glossary page 4
• Density: The relative heaviness of objects, measured in units
of mass or weight per units of volume.
• water vapor: A dispersion, in air, of molecules of water,
especially as produced by evaporation at ambient
temperatures rather than by boiling.
• oxygen and nitrogen: Two main type of gases in the
atmosphere
• Occultation: the passage of one celestial body in front of another, thus
hiding the other from view: applied especially to the moon's coming
between an observer and a star or planet.
• annular: shaped and formed of a ring
Thanks for watching!!