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STATES OF MATTER
• The Four States of Matter
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
• Four States
STATES OF MATTER
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles
which are in continual random
motion.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLIDS
•Particles of solids are
tightly packed, vibrating
about a fixed position.
•Solids have a definite
shape and a definite
volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
 Particles of liquids are
tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to
slide over one another.
 Liquids have an
variable shape and a
definite volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
GAS
 Particles of
gases are very far
apart and move
freely.
 Gases have a
variable shape
and a variable
volume.
Heat
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Solid to
liquid
Term for Phase
Change
Melting
Liquid to
Freezing
solid
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Heat goes into
the solid as it
melts.
Heat leaves the
liquid as it
freezes.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Term for Phase
Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Vaporization,
Liquid to
which includes Heat goes into the
gas
boiling and
liquid as it vaporizes.
evaporation
Heat leaves the gas
Gas to liquid Condensation
as it condenses.
Heat goes into the
Solid to gas Sublimation
solid as it sublimates.
But what happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?
STATES OF MATTER
PLASMA
 A plasma is an
ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
 Plasmas, like gases • Plasma is the
have an indefinite
common state
shape and an
of matter
indefinite volume.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
Tightly packed, in
a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place
to place
LIQUID
Close together
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
GAS
Well separated
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
PLASMA
Has no definite
volume or shape
and is composed
of electrical
charged particles
Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state
COLD PLASMA
Explaining the Behavior of
Gases
• Compare the motion of gas to the
movement of the billiard balls in a game of
pool
– When a cue strikes the ball, the ball moves in
a straight line until it strikes another ball.
– When a moving ball strikes a ball at rest, the
first ball slows down and the second ball
begins to move
– Kinetic Energy is Transferred!!
Kinetic Theory of Gases
• The constant motion of particles in a gas
allows a gas to fill a container of any
shape or size
– Particles in a gas are in constant, random
motion
– The motion of one particle is unaffected by the
motion of other particles unless they collide
– Forces of attraction among particles in a gas
can be ignored
Explaining the Behavior of
Liquids
• A liquid takes the shape of its container
because particles in a liquid can flow to
new locations
• The volume of a liquid is constant because
forces of attraction keep the particles close
together.
• Exp. Students moving through a crowded
hallway
Explaining the Behavior of
Solids
• Solids have a definite shape and a definite
volume because particles vibrate around
fixed locations
Summary Question:
• Explain the kinetic energy (motion of
particles) in each state of matter in your
own words in your guided notes!!