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Transcript 
GCSE Astronomy
The Night Sky: an introduction to stars, constellations, clusters etc.
Observing the Constellations: pointers, seasonal constellations
Celestial Co-ordinates: RA and declination, star charts, declination of Polaris
Circumpolar Stars: analysis of star trail photographs
Practical Observing: planning and carrying out naked-eye observations
Size, scale and nature of the Solar System: including scale models
Orbits: elliptical obits; ecliptic; zodiacal band; perihelion etc.
Exploring the Solar System: characteristics of planets, space probes
Satellites and Ring Systems: origins of moons, planetary rings
Comets and the Oort Cloud: structure, origin and orbits of comets
Meteors: meteors, meteoroids, meteorites and micrometeorites
Collision Course! PHOs and the hazards that they pose
The Earth from Space: size, shape, rotation of the Earth
Observatory Earth: Earth’s atmosphere, telescopes and observatories
Observing the Moon: principal features, lunar rotation
Exploring the Moon: seas, craters etc. and their origin; project Apollo
Origin of the Moon: Giant Impact Hypothesis
The Sun: ‘surface’ and atmosphere
Sunspots: nature and appearance, solar rotation
The Sun’s source of energy
Observing the Sun: solar observations at different wavelengths
Lunar phases: the Moon’s orbit, phase cycle
Eclipses: mechanisms for, and durations of, lunar and solar eclipses
Time: solar day, sidereal day, sun dials, Equation of Time
Aurorae: the solar wind, mechanism for aurorae
The heliocentric Solar System: Copernicus, Tycho & Kepler
Galileo and his discoveries
Gravity: inverse square law nature of gravity, discovery of planets
The discovery of exoplanets: evidence for exoplanets, difficulties finding them
The origin of water on Earth: water on Earth and its likely origins
Extra-terrestrial life? Drake Equation, Goldilocks zones
Collections of stars: clusters, binary stars
Magnitudes and distances: magnitudes, distances, the parsec
Variable stars: Cepheid variables, binary stars
Spectroscopy: classification of stars, temperatures and colours of stars
The birth of stars: emission nebula, absorption nebula, HR diagram
The death of stars: planetary nebulae, supernovae, neutron stars, black holes
Observing the Milky Way: unaided and aided Milky Way observations
Structure of the Milky Way: size, shape and constituents of our galaxy, 21 cm radio
Classification of galaxies: types of galaxy, ‘Tuning Fork’ diagram
Active galaxies: Types of active galaxy, AGNs and their evidence
Groupings of galaxies: Local group, clusters and superclusters
Redshift: The Doppler principle, redshift-radial velocity relation
Quasars: nature and discovery
Hubble’s law: distance-redshift relation and estimation of the age of the Universe
Cosmic microwave background radiation: discovery and nature of CMB radiation
Dark matter and dark energy: possible nature and significance
The Universe – past and future: Big Bang, expanding Universe, future models
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