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Art and Architecture of the Renaissance The Italian Renaissance The Northern Renaissance Classicism Andrea Palladio invokes Greco-Roman classicism in his design for the villa, La Rotunda. Palladio Andrea Palladio emphasized the architectural elements favored in classical Greco-Roman motifs: • Symmetry • Basic geometric shapes • Domes • Columns • Facades • Rounded arches La Rotunda Palladio’s own home, a country villa Note the various allusions to Greco-Roman style. Basilica Vincenza, Palladio Chiesa di San Giorgio Magiore, Venice Palladio Façade, Chiesa di San Giorgio Magiore, Venice, Palladio Italian Renaissance Architectural Details See how many of the characteristics we have discussed you can find in this slide. Donato Bramante (1444-1514) Ushered in the intellectual and artistic movement known as “mannerism” and was known for his influence on future designers more than for his own buildings, few of which survive unaltered. Bramante, Santa Maria della Pace Interior details Santa Maria Della Pace, Bramante Brunelleschi Fillipo Brunellschi Architect to the Medici (1377-1446) il Duomo, Florence Note the Florentine style of Marble inlay in three colors: White, Green, and Red. Cathedral of Santa Maria Del Fiore Interior detail, Cupola, il Duomo, Florence, Brunellschi Cupola detail, il Duomo Brunellschi, Firenze Exterior detail il Duomo Note: Florentine style of marble inlay and cast bronze front doors Detail Baptistry Doors, il Duomo St. Peter’s Square, Vatican City Rome, Bernini St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, Michelangelo Interior detail Cupola, St. Peter’s, Rome St. Peter’s, interior detail, nave St. Peter’s interior detail Pieta Michelangelo Cardinals in the Basilica, note for comparative perspective to human scale Altar space, St. Peter’s, Vatican Gloria, Bernini, St. Peter’s, Vatican Interior detail, Vatican Museum Vatican Museum exterior Sistine Chapel, interior Sistine Chapel, interior detail The Last Judgment Michelangelo Sistine Chapel, interior ceiling detail, Michelangelo School of Athens, Rafael, Vatican Palace (Vatican Museum) The Northern Renaissance The Arnolfini Portrait, 1434 Jan Van Eyck A new medium: Oil Paint Often, “common” people Such as wealthy merchant families, commissioned portraits for themselves and relatives. The medium of oil on wood was a favorite of German and “Netherlandish” painters like Pieter Breughel and Jan Van Eyck. Their Biblical Classicism was rendered in a fashion common to Northern Europe, rather than the Greco-Roman motif of the Italian Renaissance. Portrait of Man in a Turban, Van Eyck, 1433 Pieter Breughel the Elder Hunters in the Snow, 1565, Breughel A Peasant Wedding, Breughel, 1566-1569 The Harvesters, Breughel, 1565 Breughel was first influenced by Hieronymus Bosch Notice the surrealistic renderings of this impression about the Black Death. It is strikingly similar to the famous triptych altar panel by Bosch (shown in the next several slides) The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1490-1510. It is a harbinger of the surrealist school made famous in the 20th century by Salvador Dali. The Triumph of Death, Breughel The Garden of Earthly Delights, Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights, Right panel detail Garden of Earthly Delights, Detail right panel “hell scape” The Northern Renaissance Embraced the Reformation Nothing to Distract from “The Word” The Gutenberg Bible, c. 1455 Calvinist Design A parish church in the Calvinist style: Note the lack of Statues, and other visual art. Also, notice the central location of the pulpit, from which biblical scripture is read. Sample interiors of meeting houses for various Anabaptist sects.: Mennonites, Quakers, and Amish. “Plainness” is the characteristic most sought after. More examples of Calvinist based design: Congregationalists, Quakers, and Shakers. The austerity of interior furnishings, simple lines, and monochromatic color choices reflect the degree to which they sought to depart from the Roman Church and focus on Scripture. Residential design also reflects the Calvinist sensibility requiring austerity.
