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The English Renaissance 1485-1625 Renaissance-flowering of literary, artistic, and intellectual development Began in Italy in the fourteenth century • Medici family/banking “Rebirth” of intellectual and artistic energies that characterized ancient Rome and Greece Also a time of territorial exploration and discovery>both in Asia and the Americas The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Henry VII married Elizabeth of York Ended the Wars of the Roses Symbol>the Tudor rose • Eight-petaled design that combined the old white (York) and the red (Lancaster) designs Ruled the country for more than a century Time of stability and confidence Progress of the Renaissance in England>slow and fitful The Tudor Rose: A combination of the white (York) and the red (Lancaster) The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Henry the VIII came to the throne when his father died in 1509 • • • • Willful and audacious man Wanted to be thought of as “enlightened Prince of the Renaissance” Brought stability; made court patronage of artists/writers possible Sir Thomas More’s Utopia (Greek for “no place”) • First masterpiece of English Renaissance • Center of active/brilliant circle>Humanists>Erasmus Henry VIII Henry VIII and his six wives The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Sir Thomas Wyatt/Henry Howard, Earl of Surry • • Two gifted poets in Henry’s court Sonnets>based on Italian (Petrarchan) style Movement of religious protest • Martin Luther>Germany>Ninety-five Theses • No religious alignment for England>political • Objections to church abuses • Became Protestant Reformation The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Henry VIII>married Catherine of Aragon(#1) • • • • Spanish>Roman Catholic>no male heir Henry wanted divorce>Pope refused Henry had marriage annulled Mary>daughter=illegitimate The Act of Supremacy>Henry=head of church and state>Anglican church established Sir Thomas More refused to swear allegiance to Henry>imprisoned/executed (A Man for All Seasons) Catherine of Aragon and daughter, Mary (Mary Tudor/Mary I/Bloody Mary Anne Boleyn and her daughter, Elizabeth Jane Seymour and her son, Edward The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Henry kept mass, all rites, left doctrine unchanged Henry’s six wives: • • • • • • Catherine of Aragon---Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) Anne Boleyn---Elizabeth I Jane Seymour---Edward VI Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr “Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived” The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Henry died in 1547>succeeded by nine-year old son>Edward VI>died of tuberculosis at fourteen Edward VI succeeded by Mary Tudor (Mary I, Bloody Mary) • • • • • Wife of Phillip II of Spain Instituted a reign of terror against Protestants Had Elizabeth imprisoned in Tower of London • Two months>then put her under house arrest at country estates for five years Died after five-year reign Succeeded by Protestant half-sister>Elizabeth The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Only 25 when she came to the throne Schooled in French, Italian, Spanish, Greek, and Latin Mother>Anne Boleyn, 2nd wife of Henry VIII Had a sharp intellect & excellent Renaissance education Accomplished linguist & poet Clever, skillful diplomat>shred, even ruthless politician The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Internal tension between Protestants and Catholics Promoted peace and prosperity Moderate religious course Foreign affairs>the wonder of the era Balanced financial affairs with realistic ingenuity The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Leader in pursuing explorations to the New World Sir Francis Drake>Golden Hind • • • • • First Englishman to circumnavigate the world Pirate>preyed on Spanish ships Brought much-needed funds Drake knighted>Phillip II furious Led to the Spanish Armada>1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada made England “Mistress of the Seas” and the most powerful nation in the world The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Elizabeth I used her unmarried status as a way to gain support from other nations, but she claimed to be married to the throne of England Died childless in 1603 James VI of Scotland became James I of England>begins the House of Stuart The English Renaissance 1485-1625>The House of Stuart