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Enhancing the Qualification and Retaining a Young Scholars' Team in the Field of Aerosapace Technologies as a Prerequisite for Monitoring and Preservation of the Environment and Prevention of Damages Caused by Natural Disasters. Contract between the SRI-BAS and the Ministry of Education No. ВG051РО001/07/3.3-02/63/170608 under the Human Resource Development Operative Programme, 2008–2010 ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DRAINAGE BASIN OF KUTINSKA RIVER USING REMOTE SENSING AND GROUND-BASED DATA VANYA NAYDENOVA The study is implemented within the framework of scientific-research contract NZ – No.1507/05 concluded between Space Research Institute-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Science WORKING STAGES І. CHOICE OF CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS II. COLLECTING AND CREATION OF INFORMATION DATABASE ІІI. ANALYSIS OF SOURCE INFORMATION & SELECTION OF DATA PROCESSING METHODS ІV. TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOURCE INFORMATION INTO UNIFIED GEODATA BASE V. FORMATION OF VECTOR DATA BASE VI. GEOREFERENCE AND DECYPHERING OF SATELLITE IMAGES VІI. GENERATION OF NEW SPATIAL MODELS USING THE NEW DATA BASE VІІI. PERFORMING OF SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ІX. ELABORATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELS OF LAND USE CHANGE IMPACT CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS CHARACTERISTIC Activity type industry, transport, extraction of mineral resources, tourism, other human activities etc. Land use categories as affected objects forest land, vegetated land, agricultural land, water areas, built-up land, and barren land Arising of the impact the initial date of source working Manifestation of the impact illegally cut down forests, fire, pollution etc. Duration of the impact long time period, short time period Development stages of the impact initial, active, attenuating Development trends of the impact ascending, descending Degree of the activity’s impact low, middle, forced Border character distinctive, indeterminate Shape of the outlining contours areal, linear Impact groups result from legal and illegal activity LAND COVER / LAND USE CLASSIFICATION No LEVEL I LEVEL II RESIDENTIAL SUMMER-HOUSES’ AREAS 1 BUILD-UP LAND INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES AGRICULTURAL BUILD-UP LAND CROPLAND 2 AGRICULTURAL LAND PASTURES PERMANENT PLANTS (ORCHARD, VINEYARDS) OTHER AGRICULTURAL LAND MEADOW 3 VEGETATED LAND SHRUB MIXED VEGETATED LAND DECIDUOUS FOREST 4 FOREST LAND CONIFEROUS FOREST MIXED FOREST STREAMS / RIVERS CANALS 5 WATER AREAS LAKES RESERVOIRS BARE SOIL 6 BARREN LAND BARE EXPOSED ROCKS DATABASE ORGANIZATION INFORMATIONAL MODULE Raster data Vector data ANALYTICAL MODULE INFORMATIONAL MODULE - DATA DISTRIBUTION NAME OF LAYER TYPE OF LAYER SATELLITE IMAGES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION RASTER PANCHROMATIC AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS RASTER LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS RASTER GROUND CONTROL POINTS MEASURED BY GPS RELIEF CONTOURS FOOTHOLDS VECTOR-POINTS VECTOR-LINE VECTOR-POINTS BOUNDARY OF PROTECTED AREAS VECTOR-POLYGON OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND VECTOR-POLYGON LAND USE VECTOR-POLYGON SOILS VECTOR-POLYGON MONITORING STATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER OF BULGARIA NETWORK VECTOR-POINTS MONITORING STATIONS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY NETWORK VECTOR-POINTS DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL RASTER CONFLICT SOURCES VECTOR-POINTS AFFECTED OBJECT VECTOR-POLYGON KUTINSKA RIVER CATCHMENT AREA Study area Novi Iskur District DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL & STREAM NETWORK GOLEIYA DOL CATCHMENT AREA 2006 1987 1940 2006 1942 1998 Kutina Pyramids natural landmark 1976 2004 LAND USE CHANGES ASSESSMENT MAPS INVENTORY ASSESSMENT MAP ASSESSMENT MAPS ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT MAP COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA TECHNOGENIC RELIEF COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA 3D Digital elevation model of technogenic accumulative embankment in a coal mining, generated by GPS field measurements 2004 Technogenic accumulative embankment 2007 COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA SELF-BURNING COALS TECHNOGENIC RELIEF DUMPSITES – AFFECTED AREA Illegal dumpsite •Industrial waste •Construction waste •Domestic waste DISTRIBUTION OF THE USED DATASET BY LAYERS IN THE THEMATIC DATABASE NAME OF LAYER Type of layer SATELLITE IMAGES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION - 2005 RASTER ARCHIVE AND MODERN PANCHROMATIC AND COLOUR AERIAL PHOTOS – 1940, 1966, 2006 RASTER TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS IN SCALE1,5000 –1989 RASTER GEOLOGY – 1-25,000 RASTER GROUND CONTROL POINTS MEASURED BY GPS VECTOR-POINTS RELIEF CONTOURS VECTOR-LINE FOOTHOLDS VECTOR-POINTS BOUNDARY OF PROTECTED AREAS VECTOR-POLYGON SOILS VECTOR-POLYGON DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL RASTER SLOPE RASTER ASPECT RASTER STREAM NETWORK – 1940, 1966, 1989, 2005, 2006 VECTOR-LINE WATER AREAS – 1940, 1966, 1989, 2005, 2006 VECTOR-POLYGON LANDSLIDES SCARPS VECTOR-LINE LANDSLIDES AREAS VECTOR-POLYGON ANALYIS AND RESULTS THE STREAM NETWORK IN THE AREA IS CONSIDERABLY TRANSFORMED AS A RESULT OF THE EXPLOITATION ACTIVITY. A CHANGE OF THE STREAM CONFIGURATION OF THE GOLEMIYA DOL AND KUTINSKA RIVER IS OBSERVED. THE GRATEST TRANSFORMATIONS ARE ALONG THE KUTINSKA RIVER VALLEY HAS SHIFTED TO SOUTHWEST. FOLLOWING FIGURES, REPRESENTS THE STREAM NETWORK CHANGES OVER THE YEARS. THE CORRECTION OCCURRED FAST WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SEVERAL YEARS (AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 50-IES OF THE XX CENTURY) BECAUSE OF THE REINFORCED EXPLOITATION OF COALS. THREE TEMPORAL STAGES CAN BE DEFINED IN STUDYING MINING AREAS prior to the mining period; during the mining period; after the mining period. AS A RESULT OF THE AREA’S INVESTIGATION, THREE STAGES MAY BE IDENTIFIED. THE FIRST STAGE (TILL 1945) IS RELATED WITH THE TERRITORY’S NATURAL DEVELOPMENT DURING WHICH THE STREAM NETWORK WAS FORMED IN A NATURAL WAY AND NO LANDSLIDE PROCESSES AND NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL LAKES WERE OBSERVED. THE SECOND STAGE (1945 -1973) IS THE STAGE OF ACTIVE COAL MINING DURING WHICH THE ANTHROPOGENIC FACTOR PLAYED A LEADING ROLE IN THE AREA’S DEVELOPMENT. DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE STREAM NETWORK WERE IDENTIFIED (DIGGING OF CANALS, CORRECTIONS OF THE RIVERBED OF THE KUTINSKA RIVER), AND STEEP UNSTABLE TECHNOGENIC SLOPES WERE FORMED. A LARGE NUMBER OF TECHNOLOGICAL LAKES ARE TIPYCAL FOR THIS PERIOD. THE THIRD STAGE BEGINS AFTER COAL MINING’S TERMINATION (1973 – UNTIL NOW). DURING THIS STAGE, RECULTIVATION OF THE INVESTIGATED TERRITORY IS PERFORMED WHICH IS STILL INCOMPLETE. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY PERIODIC MANIFESTATION OF LANDSLIDE PROCESSES GENERATING NUMEROUS ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. THE STREAM NETWORK IS COMPLETELY TRANSFORMED, TWO TECHNOGENIC LAKES ARE FORMED AND A LARGE NUMBER OF LANDSLIDE LAKES APPEAR. DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL OF THE STUDY REGION ANALYSIS OF MAP OF THE SLOPES OF THE STUDY AREA SHOWS MAJOR LANDSLIDE SCARPS TECHNOGENIC EMBANKMENTS AND RIVER BANKS THE INVENTORY MAP OF THE LANDSLIDES AND THE DYNAMICS OF THE WATER BODIES THE LANDSLIDE PROCESSES ARE TYPICAL PHENOMENON FOR THE COAL MINING AREAS IN THE LAST STAGE. MOST OF THE LANDSLIDES ARE HOLLOW, WHICH IS RELATED WITH THE LITHOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE REGION, PRECIPITATION REGIME CHANGES OF THE AREAS OF THE WATER BODIES IN SQUARE METERS NAME 1966 2005 2006 TECHNOGENIC LAKES 6868.01 146793.22 158362.86 MICRODAMS 968.81 2252.49 1666.51 LANDSLIDE LAKES - 666.65 196.73 CONCLUSION Within the framework of the this short-lasting 65year period the stream network is changed considerably and the landslide processes have developed fast for the last years. The occurred changes are irreversible and they are mostly the result of human activity. As a result of the coal exploitation, Kutina Pyramids natural landmark have been seriously affected, and after the correction of the stream network and the change of the erosion base the earth pillars have become liable to accelerated destruction. The developed methods provide for quick retrieval of unbiased information on stream network changes and landslide propagation. The created database for the investigated processes may be of use in landscape planning, for the needs of sustainable regional development, or to the local self-governing bodies. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ! Department of REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH 6, Moskovska St., Sofia 1000, BULGARIA tel. +359 2 9883503, fax. +359 2 9813347 http://www.space.bas.bg http://www.rse.hit.bg [email protected]