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Enhancing the Qualification and Retaining a Young Scholars' Team in the Field of
Aerosapace Technologies as a Prerequisite for Monitoring and Preservation of the
Environment and Prevention of Damages Caused by Natural Disasters. Contract between
the SRI-BAS and the Ministry of Education No. ВG051РО001/07/3.3-02/63/170608
under the Human Resource Development Operative Programme, 2008–2010
ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT IN THE
DRAINAGE BASIN OF KUTINSKA RIVER USING
REMOTE SENSING AND GROUND-BASED DATA
VANYA NAYDENOVA
The study is implemented within the framework of scientific-research contract NZ –
No.1507/05 concluded between Space Research Institute-Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences and Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Science
WORKING STAGES
І. CHOICE OF CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS
II. COLLECTING AND CREATION OF INFORMATION DATABASE
ІІI. ANALYSIS OF SOURCE INFORMATION & SELECTION OF DATA PROCESSING METHODS
ІV. TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOURCE INFORMATION INTO UNIFIED GEODATA BASE
V. FORMATION OF VECTOR DATA BASE
VI. GEOREFERENCE AND DECYPHERING OF SATELLITE IMAGES
VІI. GENERATION OF NEW SPATIAL MODELS USING THE NEW DATA BASE
VІІI. PERFORMING OF SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
ІX. ELABORATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELS OF LAND USE CHANGE IMPACT
CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS
AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS
CHARACTERISTIC
Activity type
industry, transport, extraction of mineral
resources, tourism, other human activities etc.
Land use categories as affected objects
forest land, vegetated land, agricultural land,
water areas, built-up land, and barren land
Arising of the impact
the initial date of source working
Manifestation of the impact
illegally cut down forests, fire, pollution etc.
Duration of the impact
long time period, short time period
Development stages of the impact
initial, active, attenuating
Development trends of the impact
ascending, descending
Degree of the activity’s impact
low, middle, forced
Border character
distinctive, indeterminate
Shape of the outlining contours
areal, linear
Impact groups
result from legal and illegal activity
LAND COVER / LAND USE CLASSIFICATION
No
LEVEL I
LEVEL II
RESIDENTIAL
SUMMER-HOUSES’ AREAS
1
BUILD-UP LAND
INDUSTRIAL
TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES
AGRICULTURAL BUILD-UP LAND
CROPLAND
2
AGRICULTURAL LAND
PASTURES
PERMANENT PLANTS (ORCHARD, VINEYARDS)
OTHER AGRICULTURAL LAND
MEADOW
3
VEGETATED LAND
SHRUB
MIXED VEGETATED LAND
DECIDUOUS FOREST
4
FOREST LAND
CONIFEROUS FOREST
MIXED FOREST
STREAMS / RIVERS
CANALS
5
WATER AREAS
LAKES
RESERVOIRS
BARE SOIL
6
BARREN LAND
BARE EXPOSED ROCKS
DATABASE ORGANIZATION
INFORMATIONAL MODULE
Raster data
Vector data
ANALYTICAL MODULE
INFORMATIONAL MODULE - DATA DISTRIBUTION
NAME OF LAYER
TYPE OF LAYER
SATELLITE IMAGES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION
RASTER
PANCHROMATIC AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
RASTER
LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
RASTER
GROUND CONTROL POINTS MEASURED BY GPS
RELIEF CONTOURS
FOOTHOLDS
VECTOR-POINTS
VECTOR-LINE
VECTOR-POINTS
BOUNDARY OF PROTECTED AREAS
VECTOR-POLYGON
OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND
VECTOR-POLYGON
LAND USE
VECTOR-POLYGON
SOILS
VECTOR-POLYGON
MONITORING STATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT AND WATER OF BULGARIA NETWORK
VECTOR-POINTS
MONITORING STATIONS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR
METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY NETWORK
VECTOR-POINTS
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL
RASTER
CONFLICT SOURCES
VECTOR-POINTS
AFFECTED OBJECT
VECTOR-POLYGON
KUTINSKA RIVER CATCHMENT AREA
Study area
Novi Iskur
District
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL & STREAM NETWORK
GOLEIYA DOL CATCHMENT
AREA
2006
1987
1940
2006
1942
1998
Kutina Pyramids natural landmark
1976
2004
LAND USE CHANGES
ASSESSMENT MAPS
INVENTORY ASSESSMENT MAP
ASSESSMENT MAPS
ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT MAP
COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA
TECHNOGENIC RELIEF
COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA
3D Digital elevation model of technogenic
accumulative embankment in a coal
mining, generated by GPS field
measurements
2004
Technogenic accumulative embankment
2007
COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA
SELF-BURNING COALS
TECHNOGENIC RELIEF
DUMPSITES – AFFECTED AREA
Illegal dumpsite
•Industrial waste
•Construction waste
•Domestic waste
DISTRIBUTION OF THE USED DATASET BY LAYERS IN THE THEMATIC DATABASE
NAME OF LAYER
Type of layer
SATELLITE IMAGES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION - 2005
RASTER
ARCHIVE AND MODERN PANCHROMATIC AND COLOUR AERIAL
PHOTOS – 1940, 1966, 2006
RASTER
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS IN SCALE1,5000 –1989
RASTER
GEOLOGY – 1-25,000
RASTER
GROUND CONTROL POINTS MEASURED BY GPS
VECTOR-POINTS
RELIEF CONTOURS
VECTOR-LINE
FOOTHOLDS
VECTOR-POINTS
BOUNDARY OF PROTECTED AREAS
VECTOR-POLYGON
SOILS
VECTOR-POLYGON
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL
RASTER
SLOPE
RASTER
ASPECT
RASTER
STREAM NETWORK – 1940, 1966, 1989, 2005, 2006
VECTOR-LINE
WATER AREAS – 1940, 1966, 1989, 2005, 2006
VECTOR-POLYGON
LANDSLIDES SCARPS
VECTOR-LINE
LANDSLIDES AREAS
VECTOR-POLYGON
ANALYIS AND RESULTS

THE STREAM NETWORK IN THE AREA IS CONSIDERABLY TRANSFORMED AS A
RESULT OF THE EXPLOITATION ACTIVITY.

A CHANGE OF THE STREAM CONFIGURATION OF THE GOLEMIYA DOL AND
KUTINSKA RIVER IS OBSERVED.

THE GRATEST TRANSFORMATIONS ARE ALONG THE KUTINSKA RIVER VALLEY HAS
SHIFTED TO SOUTHWEST.

FOLLOWING FIGURES, REPRESENTS THE STREAM NETWORK CHANGES OVER THE
YEARS. THE CORRECTION OCCURRED FAST WITHIN

THE FRAMEWORK OF SEVERAL YEARS (AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 50-IES OF THE
XX CENTURY) BECAUSE OF THE REINFORCED EXPLOITATION OF COALS.
THREE TEMPORAL STAGES CAN BE DEFINED IN STUDYING MINING AREAS
prior to the mining period;
during the mining period;
after the mining period.
AS A RESULT OF THE AREA’S INVESTIGATION, THREE
STAGES MAY BE IDENTIFIED.
THE FIRST STAGE (TILL 1945) IS RELATED WITH THE
TERRITORY’S NATURAL DEVELOPMENT DURING WHICH THE
STREAM NETWORK WAS FORMED IN A NATURAL WAY AND
NO LANDSLIDE PROCESSES AND NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL
LAKES WERE OBSERVED.
THE SECOND STAGE (1945 -1973) IS THE STAGE OF ACTIVE
COAL MINING DURING WHICH THE ANTHROPOGENIC
FACTOR PLAYED A LEADING ROLE IN THE AREA’S
DEVELOPMENT. DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF
THE STREAM NETWORK WERE IDENTIFIED (DIGGING OF
CANALS, CORRECTIONS OF THE RIVERBED OF THE
KUTINSKA RIVER), AND STEEP UNSTABLE TECHNOGENIC
SLOPES WERE FORMED. A LARGE NUMBER OF
TECHNOLOGICAL LAKES ARE TIPYCAL FOR THIS PERIOD.
THE THIRD STAGE BEGINS AFTER COAL MINING’S
TERMINATION (1973 – UNTIL NOW). DURING THIS STAGE,
RECULTIVATION OF THE INVESTIGATED TERRITORY IS
PERFORMED WHICH IS STILL INCOMPLETE. IT IS
CHARACTERIZED BY PERIODIC MANIFESTATION OF
LANDSLIDE PROCESSES GENERATING NUMEROUS
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. THE STREAM NETWORK IS
COMPLETELY TRANSFORMED, TWO TECHNOGENIC LAKES
ARE FORMED AND A LARGE NUMBER OF LANDSLIDE
LAKES APPEAR.
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL
OF THE STUDY REGION
ANALYSIS OF MAP OF THE SLOPES
OF THE STUDY AREA SHOWS MAJOR
LANDSLIDE SCARPS TECHNOGENIC
EMBANKMENTS AND RIVER BANKS
THE INVENTORY MAP OF THE
LANDSLIDES AND THE DYNAMICS
OF THE WATER BODIES
THE LANDSLIDE PROCESSES ARE TYPICAL
PHENOMENON FOR THE COAL MINING
AREAS IN THE LAST STAGE.
MOST OF THE LANDSLIDES ARE HOLLOW,
WHICH IS RELATED WITH THE
LITHOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS OF THE REGION,
PRECIPITATION REGIME
CHANGES OF THE AREAS OF THE
WATER BODIES IN SQUARE METERS
NAME
1966
2005
2006
TECHNOGENIC LAKES
6868.01
146793.22
158362.86
MICRODAMS
968.81
2252.49
1666.51
LANDSLIDE LAKES
-
666.65
196.73
CONCLUSION
Within the framework of the this short-lasting 65year period the stream network is changed
considerably and the landslide processes have
developed fast for the last years. The occurred
changes are irreversible and they are mostly the
result of human activity.
As a result of the coal exploitation, Kutina
Pyramids natural landmark have been seriously
affected, and after the correction of the stream
network and the change of the
erosion base the earth pillars have become liable
to accelerated destruction.
The developed methods provide for quick retrieval of
unbiased information on stream network changes and
landslide propagation. The created database for the
investigated processes may be of use in landscape
planning, for the needs of sustainable regional
development, or to the local self-governing bodies.
THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR ATTENTION !
Department of REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH
6, Moskovska St., Sofia 1000, BULGARIA
tel. +359 2 9883503, fax. +359 2 9813347
http://www.space.bas.bg
http://www.rse.hit.bg
[email protected]