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Integrating GVis, GIS and KDD
for
Exploring Spatio-Temporal Data
Monica Wachowicz
Wageningen UR
Geo-Information Centre
GISc. of Tomorrow
• Geographic Visualisation
• Geographic Information Systems
• Knowledge Discovery in Databases
• Need for the integration
• How to achieve it
• PELCOM Project
Geographic Visualisation
• Human Visual Thinking
• Graphical Data Manipulation
• Human Computer Interaction
• Art or Science?
GVis as a process
that involves humans achieving insight
by interacting with data through the
use of visual representations
and operations
that can be applied to this data.
GIS
• Domain Specific Models
• Query Languages for data and
metadata manipulation
• Data Interoperability
GIS
• Data Collection
• Data Modelling
• Data Manipulation/Transformation
• Data Output/Presentation
80% of all GIS commands are
connected with data capturing,
transformation, and cleaning
operations.
Albrecht 1996
Taxonomy of GIS Operations
Tomlinson and
Dangermond
Boyle (1981)
(1983)
Manipulation
Retrieval
Browsing
Browsing
Windowing
Windowing
Lists and Report
Query Window
Creation
Generation
Attribute
Multiple Map
Reclassification
Sheet Query
Generalisation
Boolean Attribute
Interpolation
Retrieval
Scale Change
Statistical
Transformation
Summary
GIS as a process
that users can interactively
direct database operations and
mediate database navigation
to uncover interesting patterns
Knowledge Discovery in
Databases
Data Mining
How can we explore millions of
records, hundreds of fields, and
find patterns?
KDD Methods
• Classification
• Clustering
• Summarisation
• Predictive Modelling
• Change and Deviation Detection
GIS + Gvis + KDD
• Enable data exploration,
analysis, and visualisation to be
conducted at a much higher level
of interaction between GI users
and databases.
• Put effective “knowledge
construction” tools in the hands
of GI users
GVis
Exploration driven by visual thinking
GIS
Exploration driven by operations
KDD
Exploration driven by automated
information processing
Integration of GVis, GIS, and KDD
will uphold the design of the next
generation of systems
How to achieve it
Conceptual Level
Operational Level
Implementation Level
Conceptual Level
•What kind of spatio-temporal data
is meant to be explored
• What particular kinds of
outcomes are required from the
process
• Who are the users
Operational Level
Methods - Task - Operation
• How the exploration can be
performed
• What is to be accomplished
• How to accomplish the task
Implementation Level
• Drag and drop operations to
create queries from displays
• Visual query languages
• Navigation
PELCOM Project
• 1km Pan European
Land Cover Database
• Integration through Exploration
• GI users interaction
• GI Knowledge Construction