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Chapter 7 Database Systems Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Succeeding with Technology Basic Data Management Concepts Organizing Data in a Database Database Management Systems Using Database Systems in Organizations Database Trends Managing Databases The Value of Databases Databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS) transform large quantities of data into specific and valuable information for accomplishing some goal. Succeeding with Technology 7.1 Basic Data Management Concepts Key Terms • • • • • DBMS Field Record File Primary Key Succeeding with Technology Database Management System (DBMS) A DBMS consists of a group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user or the database and application programs. DATABASE Secure Access DBMS Back End Succeeding with Technology Front End Database A collection of data organized to meet user’s needs. File or Table Field (Attribute) Records (Entities) Succeeding with Technology Database Fields Fields are set to hold specific types of data. Succeeding with Technology Database A Database is a collection of files/tables Succeeding with Technology Database Heirarchy Succeeding with Technology Keys and Primary Key Key: A field in a record that is used to identify the record Primary key: A field that uniquely identifies a record A primary key field prevents duplicate records from occurring in a table. Succeeding with Technology Primary Keys Which field would act as the best primary key? Succeeding with Technology Primary Keys Succeeding with Technology Primary Key Succeeding with Technology Simple but Restrictive DBMS Succeeding with Technology The Database Approach to Data Management Succeeding with Technology 7.2 Organizing Data in a Database Key Terms • Relational Model • Data Analysis Succeeding with Technology The Relational Model In a relational database, tables are linked (related) through common fields. Succeeding with Technology Relation Types One-to-many Most typical Makes use of primary key One-to-one Many-to-many Succeeding with Technology Data Analysis Data analysis is a process that involves evaluating data to identify problems with the content of a database. Consider what would happen if CardNumber were not a primary key, and two or more customers had the same CardNumber. Data Integrity refers to the accuracy of the data in a database. GIGO, or Garbage In Garbage Out, refers to the fact that inaccurate data entered in a database will result in inaccurate information produced from the database. Succeeding with Technology Northwind Database Example http://pic.fsu.edu/nwind.mdb Succeeding with Technology 7.3 Database Management Systems Key Terms • • • • • Data Integrity GIGO Schema Data Dictionary SQL Succeeding with Technology Database Types Single User vs. Multiuser General-Purpose vs. Special-Purpose Open-Source Succeeding with Technology Creating a Database A schema is an outline of the logical and physical structure of the data and relationships among the data in the database. Succeeding with Technology Creating a Database A data dictionary provides a detailed description of all data used in the database. Succeeding with Technology Database Strengths The power of a database and DBMS lies in the user’s ability to manipulate the data to turn up useful information. Data can be sifted, sorted and queried through the use of data manipulation languages. Succeeding with Technology Data Manipulation Language A Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a specific language provided with the DBMS that allows people and other database users to access, modify, and make queries about data contained in the database, and to generate reports. Structured Query Language (SQL): The most popular DML. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JOB_CLASSIFICATION = ‘C2” Succeeding with Technology 7.4 Using Database Systems in Organizations Key Terms • Data Warehouse • Data Mining Succeeding with Technology Data Stores Data Warehouse: A database that holds important information from a variety of sources. Data Mart: A small data warehouse, often developed for a specific person or purpose. Data Mining: the process of extracting information from a data warehouse. “Connecting the dots” Succeeding with Technology Data Stores Succeeding with Technology Business Intelligence Business Intelligence is the use of data mining to help increase efficiency, reduce costs, or increase profits. Succeeding with Technology 7.5 Database Trends Key Terms • Distributed Database Succeeding with Technology Databases and the Internet The Web is frequently used as the Front End of DBMS’s. Succeeding with Technology Distributed Database Succeeding with Technology Other Types of Databases Visual, audio, and unstructured database systems organize non-textual data. Succeeding with Technology 7.6 Managing Databases Key Terms • Database Administrator Succeeding with Technology Database Administrator A database administrator (DBA) is a skilled and trained computer professionals who directs all activities related to an organization’s database, including providing security from intruders. Succeeding with Technology Chapter 7 Questions? Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Succeeding with Technology