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Why Oracle ?
By Mazmur Tarigan
Email : [email protected]
Database
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Foxpro, DB-plus, Clipper : .dbf
Microsoft Access :.mdb
Microsoft Exel:.xls
Paradox :.db
MySQL
Sybase
MS-SQL Server *
Oracle *
* Mendapat perhatian khusus bagi software development di Indonesia. Dan akan dilihat perbandingannya
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Platform comparison
•
SQL Server 2000 only works on Windows-based platforms, including
Windows 9x, Windows NT and Windows 2000.
•
In comparison with SQL Server 2000, Oracle 9i Database supports all
known platforms, including Windows-based platforms, AIX-Based
Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel,
Sun Solaris and so on.
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Hardware requirements
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To install SQL Server 2000, you should have the Intel or compatible
platforms and the following hardware:
Hardware
Processor
Memory
Hard disk space
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Requirements
Pentium 166 MHz or higher
32 MB RAM (minimum for Desktop Engine),
64 MB RAM (minimum for all other editions),
128 MB RAM or more recommended
270 MB (full installation),
250 MB (typical),
95 MB (minimum),
Desktop Engine: 44 MB
Analysis Services: 50 MB minimum and 130 MB typical
English Query: 80 MB
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Hardware requirements…
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Oracle 9i supports Intel or compatible platforms, AIX-Based Systems, Compaq
Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, Sun Solaris and so on.
To install Oracle 9i under the Intel or compatible platforms, you should have
the following hardware:
Hardware
Processor
Memory
Hard disk space
Requirements
Pentium 166 MHz or higher
RAM: 128 MB (256 MB recommended)
Virtual Memory: Initial Size 200 MB, Maximum Size 400 MB
140 MB on the System Drive
plus 4.5 GB for the Oracle Home Drive (FAT)
or 2.8 GB for the Oracle Home Drive (NTFS)
To install Oracle 9i Database under the UNIX Systems, such as AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000
Series HP-UX, and Sun Solaris, you should have the following hardware:
Hardware
Memory
Swap Space
Hard disk space
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Requirements
A minimum of 512 MB RAM
A minimum of 2 x RAM or 400 MB, whichever is greater
4.5 GB
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Software requirements
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SQL Server 2000 comes in six editions: Enterprise, Standard, Personal, Developer, Desktop
Engine, and SQL Server CE (a compatible version for Windows CE) and requires the
following software:
Operating
System
Enterprise
Edition
Standard
Edition
Personal
Edition
Developer
Edition
Desktop
Engine
SQL Server
CE
Windows
CE
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Windows 9x
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Windows
NT 4.0
Workstation
with Service
Pack 5
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Windows
NT 4.0
Server with
Service
Pack 5
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Windows
NT 4.0
Server
Enterprise
Edition with
Service
Pack 5
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
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Software requirements…
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Oracle 9i Database comes in three editions: Enterprise, Standard and Personal
and requires the following software:
Platform
Operating System Version
Required Patches
Windows-based
Windows NT 4.0
Service Pack 5
Windows-based
Windows 2000
Service Pack 1
Windows-based
Windows XP
Not Necessary
AIX-Based
AIX 4.3.3
Maintenance Level 09 and IY24568,
IY25282, IY27614, IY30151
AIX-Based
AIX 5.1
AIX 5L release 5.1 ML01+ (IY22854),
IY26778, IY28766, IY28949, IY29965, IY30150
Compaq Tru64 UNIX
Tru64 5.1
5.1 patchkit 4
Compaq Tru64 UNIX
Tru64 5.1A
5.1A patchkit 1
HP-UX
HP-UX version 11.0 (64-bit)
Sept. 2001 Quality Pack, PHCO_23792,
PHCO_24148, PHKL_24268, PHKL_24729,
PHKL_ 25475, PHKL_25525, PHNE_24715,
PHSS_23670, PHSS_24301, PHSS_24303,
PHSS_24627, PHSS_22868
Linux
SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7
(or SLES-7) with kernel 2.4.7,
and glibc 2.2.2
Not Necessary
Sun Solaris
Solaris 32-Bit 2.6 (5.6), 7 (5.7)
or 8 (5.8)
Not Necessary
Sun Solaris
Solaris 64-Bit 8 (5.8)
Update 5
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Performance comparison
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It is very difficult to make the performance comparison between SQL
Server 2000 and Oracle 9i Database. The performance of your
databases depends rather from the experience of the database
developers and database administrator than from the database's
provider. You can use both of these RDBMS to build stable and
efficient system. However, it is possible to define the typical
transactions, which used in inventory control systems, airline
reservation systems and banking systems. After defining these
typical transactions, it is possible to run them under the different
database management systems working on the different hardware
and software platforms.
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Price comparison
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Compare pricing for SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition and Oracle9i Standard
Edition:
Number of CPUs
Oracle9i Standard Edition
SQL Server 2000 Standard
Edition
1
$15,000
$4,999
2
$30,000
$9,998
4
$60,000
$19,996
8
$120,000
$39,992
16
$240,000
$79,984
32
$480,000
$159,968
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Price comparison…
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Compare pricing for SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition (which include OLAP
and Data Mining) and Oracle9i Enterprise Edition with OLAP and/or Data
Mining:
Number of
CPUs
Oracle9i
Enterprise
Edition
Oracle9i Enterprise
Edition with OLAP or Data
Mining
Oracle9i Enterprise
Edition With OLAP and
Data Mining
SQL Server
2000 Enterprise
Edition
1
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$19,999
2
$80,000
$120,000
$160,000
$39,998
4
$160,000
$240,000
$320,000
$79,996
8
$320,000
$480,000
$640,000
$159,992
16
$640,000
$960,000
$1,280,000
$319,984
32
$1,280,000
$1,920,000
$2,560,000
$639,968
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T-SQL vs PL/SQL
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The dialect of SQL supported by Microsoft SQL Server 2000 is called TransactSQL (T-SQL). The dialect of SQL supported by Oracle 9i Database is called
PL/SQL. PL/SQL is more powerful language than T-SQL. This is the brief
comparison of PL/SQL and T-SQL:
Feature
Indexes
Tables
Triggers
Procedures
Arrays
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PL/SQL
T-SQL
B-Tree indexes,
Bitmap indexes,
Partitioned indexes,
Function-based indexes,
Domain indexes
Relational tables,
Object tables,
Temporary tables,
Partitioned tables,
External tables,
Index organized tables
BEFORE triggers,
AFTER triggers,
INSTEAD OF triggers,
Database Event triggers
PL/SQL statements,
Java methods,
third-generation language
(3GL) routines
Supported
B-Tree indexes
By Mazmur Tarigan
Relational tables,
Temporary tables
AFTER triggers,
INSTEAD OF triggers
T-SQL statements
Not Supported
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SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i limits
Here you can find some SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i Database limits:
Feature
SQL Server 2000
Oracle 9i Database
database name length
128
8
column name length
128
30
index name length
128
30
table name length
128
30
view name length
128
30
stored procedure name length
128
30
max columns per index
16
32
max char() size
8000
2000
max varchar() size
8000
4000
max columns per table
1024
1000
max table row length
8036
255000
max query size
16777216
16777216
recursive subqueries
40
64
constant string size in SELECT
16777207
4000
constant string size in WHERE
8000
4000
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Introduction
Pengenalan Oracle
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Oracle Server adalah relational database
management system(RDBMS)
RDBMS adalah perangkat lunak untuk
membuat dan mengelola database, sering
juga disebut database engine.
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RDBMS
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Database
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Kemampuan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Dapat bekerja di lingkungan
client/server(pemprosesan tersebar)
Menangani manajemen space dan basis data
yang besar
Mendukung akses secara simultan
Performansi pemrosesan transaksi yang tinggi
Menjamin ketersediaan yang terkontrol
Lingkungan yang terreplikasi
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Arsitektur Oracle
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Oracle Database *
Oracle Instance (memory, process, dan
files)
* Oracle Database akan dikupas berkaitan dengan tujuan training sekarang untuk database developer.
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… Oracle Database
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Physical Database Structure
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Datafiles : menyimpan table dan objek database
Redo Log Files : menyimpan info yang dibutuhkan
untuk proses Recovery, yaitu bila terjadi crash pada
sistem, maka Oracle berusaha memperbaikinya
melaui Redo Log Files
Control Files : Berisi info berupa konfigurasi, lokasi
data dan redo-log files, start database instance dan
lainnya.
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… Oracle Database (1)
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Logical Database Structure
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Tablespace : mengelompokkan objek
database menjadi satu kesatuan. Tablespace
menyimpan data dalam datafiles yang secara
fisik tersebar dalam satu atau beberapa disk.
Data Schema : kumpulan dari objek database
yang disebut sebagai schema objects.
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… Oracle Database (2)
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Data schema :
 Table : berisi nama table, kolom, baris(record) yang merupakan basic dari
database.
 Cluster: himpunan tabel yang secara fisik disimpan bersama sebagai
sebuah tabel yang mempunyai kolom bersama.
 Index : digunakan untuk mencari data secara lebih cepat ketimbang
pencarian sekuensial.
 View : tampilan dari satu atau beberapa tabel yang dikoleksi melalui
instruksi SQL.
 Stored Procedure : instruksi SQL yang dibungkus dalam bentuk
program dan dieksekusi seperti fungsi atau prosedur dalam bahasa
pemrograman.
 Triggers : instruksi SQL seperti prosedur yang dijalankan berdasarkan
suatu kejadian(event)
 Sequence : secara otomatis membuat nomor urut(tersusun) dan
tunggal(unique) yang digunakan oleh aplikasi untuk menjamin integritas
data.
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Create Database
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Untuk memulai membuat sebuat database : Start  oracle –
orahome90  configuration and migration tools  Database
Configuration Assistant
* Sebaiknya create database dilakukan oleh DBA saja, dalam hal ini instruktur
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Create Database (1)
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Create Database (2)
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Create Database (3)
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Create Database (4)
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Create Database (5)
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Create Database (5)…
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Create Database (6)
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Create Database (7)
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Create Database (8)
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Create Database (9)
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Create Database (10)
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Create Database (11)
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Create Database (12)
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Create Database (12)…
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Operate Database
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SQL * Plus
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Aplikasi pada oracle server yang digunakan
untuk memanipulasi instruksi SQL,
pemrograman PL/SQL dan menjalankan
instruksi Administrasi database.
Memulai SQL * Plus dengan
mengaktifkannya dari menu Start  oracle
– orahome90  application development
 SQL Plus
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SQL * Plus (1)
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SQL * Plus (2)
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User name adalah login yang diperlukan
untuk mendapat akses database
Password umumnya diberikan oleh
DBA(DB-Administrator)
Connect String adalah teks yang diperlukan
untuk melakukan koneksi, umumnya
adalah nama server.
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SQL * Plus (3)
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SQL * Plus (4)
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Beberapa cara untuk menjalankan SQL
adalah sebagai berikut :
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Dengan semi-kolom pada akhir baris :
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Dengan tanda / pada baris berikutnya :
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SQL> select * from tab;
SQL> select * from tab
2 /
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Table (Basic)
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Data Definition Language (DDL)
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CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
DROP TABLE
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Table – Create table …
Table name : mahasiswa
Structure :
Nim
char(8),
Nama
varchar2(25),
Jk
char(1),
Alamat
varchar2(50),
Kota
varchar2(10)
SQL> create TABLE mahasiswa(
2 Nim char(8),
3 Nama varchar2(25),
4 jk char(1),
5 alamat varchar2(50),
6 kota varchar2(10)
7 );
Table created.
* Coba masukkan data mahasiswa yang sama
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Table – Create table …
SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0001’,’Nurlela’,’P’,’Jl. Damar’,’Padang’);
SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0002’,’Azijah’,’P’,’Jl. Yamin’,’Pariaman’);
SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0001’,’Yanto’,’L’,’Jl. Damar’,’Padang’);
SQL> Select * from mahasiswa;
SQL> drop TABLE mahasiswa;
Table dropped.
SQL> create TABLE mahasiswa(
2 Nim char(8),
3 Nama varchar2(25),
4 jk char(1),
5 alamat varchar2(50),
6 kota varchar2(10),
7 CONSTRAINT PK_MHS PRIMARY KEY(Nim)
8 );
Table created.
* Coba lagi memasukkan data yang sama
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Case Study
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Createlah tabel :
 Mahasiswa
 Matakuliah
 Nilai
Sesuai dengan struktur tabel yang sudah anda buat.
Masukkan data kedalam masing-masing table, minima :
 5 record untuk table mahasiswa
 3 record untuk table matakuliah
 15 record untuk table Nilai
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SQL Dasar
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Searching : Select dengan operator ( = , !=,
< >, < , >, <=, >=, LIKE )
Penentuan Baris : Where (OR, AND,
NOT). Juga bisa menggunakan
BETWEENdan IN
Pengurutan : ORDER BY
Kolom Nilai secara unik : DISTINCT
Operasi Aritmatika : (+, -, *, /, %)
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SQL Dasar
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Pengelompokan : GROUP BY
Subquery : NESTED SQL
Penambahan baris : INSERT
Pengubahan baris : UPDATE
Penghapusan Baris : DELETE
Fungsi Agregate Dasar : AVG,COUNT,
MAX, MIN, SUM
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SQL Dasar
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Fungsi – fungsi String :
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ASCII : ASCII(char)
CHAR : CHAR(ascii)
LOWER
UPPER
LTRIM
RTRIM
REPLICATE : REPLICATE(‘AIM’,’3’)
SUBSTRING : SUBSTRING(‘STMIK JAYA
NUSA’,7,4)
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