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Digestive System Unit VIII General Info • Digestion • Phases: • Types: • Mechanical • Extracellular • Chemical • Intracellular –Poly-Tri-DiMono The Digestive Tract All organs and related structures, in order. Oral Cavity • Sensitive: • pressure, pain, temp • Palates: • Top • Soft & Hard Tongue • Bottom • Initiates swallowing • Positions food • Contains nerve endings Oral Cavity Cont. • • • • • • Taste buds: Solution to taste Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter Teeth: (32) Tearing & Chewing Tonsils Salivary Glands • 3 Pair: • Parotid • Submandibular • Sublingual Gland Info • pH 6.7 • 950 - 1450 ml/24 hrs • 99% water, 1% amylase • ANS • Lubricates food Pharynx • 3 Divisions: • Naso • Oro • Laryngeal* • Uvula Laryngeal Pharynx • Esophagus* • Trachea: • Glottis • Epiglottis • Larynx Esophagus • Behind trachea • 8 - 10 inches long • 2 muscle layers: • Circular - inside • Longitudinal - outside Esophagus Cont. • Mucous membrane lining: • Lubricates • Protects • Peristalsis: • Peristalic wave Stomach • Abdominal cavity (left) • 3 Divisions: • Fundus • Body • Pylorus Muscle Layers • Three layers: • Longitudinal (outside) • Circular (middle) • Oblique (inside) Sphincters • Valve openings • Two: • Cardiac sphincter • Pyloric sphincter Special Tissues • Peritoneum • Mesentery: 2 • Greater omentum • Lesser omentum General Info • 950-1400ml • Major function-Mechanical • Gastric mucosa lining: • Rugae • Gastric glands* Gastric Glands • 35 million in adult • Composed of 3 types of cells: • Parietal=> HCl • Chief=> enzymes • Mucus=> mucus Gastric Glands Cont. •Gastric juice •Gastrin Parietal Cells • pH 1-3, Dil 6 • Destroys bacteria • Dissolves salts • Curdles milk Parietal Cells Cont. • Activates enzymes • Distroys enzymes • Breaksdown connective tissue • Breaksdown protein • “Perforated Ulcer” Mucus Cells • Produce mucin • Protects mucosal lining Chief Cells • Coenzyme • Pepsinogen (HCl) => Protease (protein) • Prorennin => Rennin (protein)(curdles milk) • Gastric lipase (fats) Digestion Time Requirement •Proteins 3-4 hours •Carbo’s 1.5-2 hours Small Intestine • Most digestion-absorption • Accessory organs: • Liver • Pancreas General Info • Enzymes from lining • 1” Dia • 20-21 ft long • Three Divisions* Divisions • Duodenum 10 inches • Jejunum 8 feet • Ileum 12 feet Muscles Layers • Two layers: • Longitudinal (outside) • Circular (inside) Villi • 600X • Enzymes: • Peptidase, Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase, Lipase • Lacteal Liver • Largest gland • 3 pounds • Upper right-abdominal cavity • 3 lobes • Produces bile* Bile • Composition: • Bile salts (soaps)(Emulsion)(activates lipase) • Unusable hemoglobin • Bile pigment • Cholesterol (gall stones) Liver-Bile Cont. •Hepatic duct •Gall bladder •“Common bile duct” Pancreas •Dual Gland •Exocrine Gland •Endocrine Gland Exocrine Gland • pH 7.5-8 • Enzymes:* • Trypsinogen, Amylase, Lipase • Pancreatic juice Enzymes • Catalyst • Specific • Affected by: • Temperature • ph Endocrine Gland • “Insulin” • Metabolism • “Diabetes” • Pancreatic duct • Common bile duct Large Intestine • Colon • Three divisions: • Ascending • Transverse • Descending Colon Cont. • • • • • 2.5” Dia 5-6 ft long Two functions: Water & Electrolyte reabsorption Solid waste storage Colon Cont. • Cecum • Appendix • Ileocecal sphincter • Sigmoid • Rectum Lipid Digestion Place Gland Enzyme Action Stomach None None Hydrolysis Sml Int Liver Bile* Emulsification Sml Int Pancreas Lipase Lipids Glycerol + Fatty Acids Protein Digestion Place Gland Enzyme Stomach Gastric Pepsinogen(HCl) Protease Sml Int Pancreas Trypsinogen(HCl) Trypsin Sml Int Int Lining (Villi) Peptidase Action Polypeptides Dipeptides Dipeptides Monopeptides Monopeptides Amino Acids Carbo’s Digestion Place Mouth Gland Enzyme Salivary Amylase Stomach None “HCl”* Sml Int Pancreas Amylase Sml Int Int Lining Villi Maltase Lactase Sucrase Action Polysaccharides Disaccharide's Destroys Amylase 15-30 Min. Polysaccharides Disaccharide's Disaccharide's Monosaccharide's The End!!!!!! Thank You
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