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Alimentary Canal •Mouth •Esophagus •Stomach •Small Intestine •Large Intestine (colon) Glands •Salivary Glands •Gastric Glands •Liver •Gall Bladder •Pancreas salivary glands epiglottis mouth Alimentary Canal Glands Other organs gall bladder liver pancreas small intestine appendix large intestine (colon) Digestion: The process of changing large molecules into smaller molecules Chemical Digestion •enzymes act on food •break large particles into small particles Absorption: The process of small molecules going Into the bloodstream Mechanical Digestion •chewing & churning •break large particles into small particles by physical means amylase amylase In Mouth Amylase in saliva begins the breakdown of starch to maltose Starch (polysaccharide) In Stomach amylase amylase amylase amylase Stomach acid de-activates amylase and starch digestion stops amylase amylase Starch (polysaccharide) In Small Intestine Amylase from the pancreas continues the breakdown of starch to maltose Maltase breaks down maltose to glucose maltase maltase Maltose (disaccharide) maltase In Small Intestine maltase Maltase completes the digestion of maltose to glucose Glucose (monosaccharide) Villi Glucose is absorbed by the villi Protein (large polypeptide chain) In Stomach pepsin pepsin Stomach acid activates pepsin and the breakdown of protein into smaller molecules begins pepsin pepsin Smaller amino acid chains (dipeptide) trypsin chemo trypsin peptidase Protease enzymes complete the digestion of peptides to single amino acids amino acids are absorbed by the villi polypeptides Amino acid Amino acid Villi In Small Intestine In Small Intestine Bile from the liver & gall bladder breaks down (emulsifies) large lipids particles to smaller droplets Bile Bile Bile In Small Intestine lipase lipase Fatty acid molecules Villi Lipase from the pancreas breaks down smaller droplets into fatty acids & glycerol before they are absorbed by the villi. Starch (polysaccharide) Large protein (polypeptide) Maltose Sugar (disaccharide) Small protein (dipeptide) Glucose Sugar (monosaccharide) Amino acid Large Lipid molecule Small Lipid Droplet Fatty acid molecule