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General Surgery
Chapter 14
Abdominal Cavity
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Involves most of the organ
systems in the human body
General dimensions
Nine regions
 Four quadrants
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General Surgery
General Surgery
General Dimensions
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Abdominal musculature
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Peritoneum
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Wrapped in fibrous fascia
Lines abdominal cavity and
organs
Retroperitoneum
More of a plane than a space
 3 Regions
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Alimentary Canal
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Mouth
Pharyngeal
portion
Esophageal
portion
Gastric portion
Intestinal
portion
Alimentary Canal
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What goes in must come out!
Small Intestine and Colon
Small Intestine and Colon
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Small intestine
Begins at
pyloric
sphincter
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
 Mesenteric
small intestine
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Colon
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Cecum
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Appendix
Ascending
colon
 Transverse
colon
 Descending
colon
 Rectum, anus
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General Surgery
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Omenta
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Pancreas
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Abdominal covering that stores fat and
reduces peritoneal infection.
Exocrine/Endocrine organ
Digestive enzymes
Insulin production
Spleen
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Large mass of lymphatic tissue
Storage of RBC’s
General Surgery
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Liver
Largest organ in the abdomen.
 Produces bile
 Metabolizes carbs, fats, and
proteins.
 Detoxifies the body.
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Biliary Tract
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Gallbladder, cystic duct, Common
Bile duct, Hepatic duct
General Surgery
Abdominal Incisions
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Vertical – Median
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Vertical – Paramedian
Oblique
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Midline, subumbilical
Kocher subcostal, McBurneys
Transverse
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Lower transverse (pfannenstiel)
General Surgery
General Surgery
Surgical Procedures
Common Surgical Procedures
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Hernia repair
Appendectomy
Hemorrhoidectomy
Cholecystectomy
Biopsy procedures
Thyroidectomy
Other Surgical Procedures
 Laparoscopic nissen
fundoplication
 Gastrostomy
 Gastrectomy
 Pancreatrectomy
 Splenectomy
 Banding and stapling stomach
procedures
 Bowel resection and
anastomosis
General Surgery
Vascular and Other
Procedures
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Varicose veins
Vascular access
Incision and drainage
Excision of lesions
Breast Surgery
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Biopsy/lumpectomy
Segmental resection
Axillary dissection
Radical and modified radical
mastectomy
Thyroid Surgery
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Thyroidectomy
Tracheotomy
General Surgery
 QUESTIONS?