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Download Mouth Salivary Glands Esophagus Rumen Pancreas Small Intestine
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Ruminant Digestion What are Ruminants? • Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas The Ruminant System Mouth Anus Esophagus Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum Large Intestine Small Intestine The Ruminant System • Mouth – Tongue and teeth grasp and tear forages • Salivary Glands – Produce saliva • Provides lubrication for swallowing • Provides fluid to rumen • Buffers acid production The Ruminant System • Esophagus – Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum – Bidirectional functionality • Allows food to pass both ways The Ruminant System • Rumen – Largest section of the 4 compartment stomach system – Ingested grass and hay is fermented by microorganisms • Cellulose is broken down • Amino acids are synthesized • B-complex vitamins are produced Inside the Rumen • Rumen is lined with papilla which increases surface area for absorbing vitamins and amino acids Inside the Rumen • Microorganisms in the rumen are made up of a protist, fungal spore and bacteria Protist Fungal Spore Bacteria The Ruminant System • Reticulum – Food bolus is formed by organ walls contracting on food • Honeycomb texture helps squeeze out water – Liquids ingested by animal by-pass rumen and go directly into reticulum – “Hardware Stomach” • If animal ingests metal or sharp objects they remain here to prevent injury to system Inside the Reticulum The Ruminant System • Rumination – Food bolus from rumen moves up the esophagus and returns to the mouth – Animal chews food bolus into smaller pieces and swallows again – Food returns to the reticulum for further processing • The rumen and reticulum combined make up 80% of the volume of the 4 compartment system The Ruminant System Forages Liquids Rumination Rumen Reticulum The Ruminant System • Omasum – The 3rd compartment of the system which receives the ruminated food bolus from the reticulum – Contains mayplies or folds that aid in reducing particle size of the food bolus by grinding together Inside the Omasum The Ruminant System • Abomasum – The 4th compartment of the system which receives the ground food particles from the omasum – “True Stomach” • Gastric juices are added to aid in digesting • Muscle contractions mix food particles and gastric juices Inside the Abomasum The Ruminant System • Small Intestine – Absorbs nutrients • Partially digested feed is mixed with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice – Breaking down food molecules into nutrients • Nutrients are absorbed in the last 2/3 of the intestine – Villi line the intestinal wall to increase surface area for absorption The Ruminant System • Cecum – Non-functioning blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine The Ruminant System • Large Intestine – Absorbs water – Minimal nutrient absorption – Forms feces from indigestible waste • Adds mucus membrane to aid in excretion • Rectum – Internal sphincter that controls excretion • Anus – External sphincter that controls excretion The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Esophagus Mouth Rumen Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Large Intestine Gall Bladder Reticulum Abomasum Ruminant Review Tongue and teeth grasp food Ruminant Review Mouth Ruminant Review Produces saliva Ruminant Review Salivary Glands Ruminant Review Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum Ruminant Review Esophagus Ruminant Review Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla Ruminant Review Rumen Ruminant Review Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure Ruminant Review Reticulum Ruminant Review Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small particles Ruminant Review Omasum Ruminant Review Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles Ruminant Review Abomasum Ruminant Review Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and absorbs nutrients Ruminant Review Small Intestine Ruminant Review Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine that has no function Ruminant Review Cecum Ruminant Review Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces Ruminant Review Large Intestine Ruminant Review Internal sphincter that controls excretion Ruminant Review Rectum Ruminant Review External sphincter that controls excretion Ruminant Review Anus The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Esophagus Mouth Rumen Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Large Intestine Gall Bladder Reticulum Abomasum The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Esophagus Mouth Rumen Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Large Intestine Gall Bladder Reticulum Abomasum The Ruminant System The Ruminant System The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine that has no function The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Tongue and teeth grasp food The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small particles The Ruminant System Ruminant Review External sphincter that controls excretion The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Produces saliva The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and absorbs nutrients The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Internal sphincter that controls excretion The Ruminant System Ruminant Review Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla The Ruminant System The Ruminant System The Ruminant System
