Download Appendix B - Digestive System

PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 5:
The Digestive System
The Essentials of the Language of
Gastroenterology
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5-1
Digestive System
Lesson 5.1: The Digestive System
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5-2
The Digestive System
• Alimentary canal and
accessory organs
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5-3
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– aliment
– bari
– digest
– laparo
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5-4
The Digestive System
• Actions and functions of the digestive
system
– Five components:
1. propulsion
2. digestion
3. secretion
4. absorption
5. elimination
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5-5
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root elements of the
following terms:
– mastication
– deglutition
– peristalsis
– elimination
– secretion
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5-6
Digestive System
Lesson 5.2: Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
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Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• The mouth and mastication
– palate
– uvula
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5-8
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• The mouth and mastication
– tongue
– papillae
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5-9
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
– adult teeth
• upper jaw (maxilla)
• lower jaw (mandible)
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5-10
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following terms:
– dentine
– enamel
– pulp
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5-11
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• Mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
– salivary glands
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5-12
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– par
– lingu
– mandibul
– saliv
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5-13
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• Disorders of the mouth
– plaque
– tartar
– dental caries
© Photo Network Stock/Grant Heilman Photography Inc.
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5-14
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• Disorders of the mouth
– stomatitis
1. mouth ulcers
2. cold sores
3. thrush
© Medical-on-line/Alamy
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5-15
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• Disorders of the mouth
– stomatitis
4. oral cancer
5. halitosis
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5-16
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following suffixes:
– ectomy
– osis
– al
– ics
– itis
– ist
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5-17
Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus
• Esophagus
– disorders of the esophagus
1. esophagitis (GERD)
2. hiatal hernia
3. esophageal varices
4. cancer of the esophagus
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5-18
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the correct term for the definitions below:
– vomiting of red blood
hematemesis
– difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
– following a meal
postprandial
– an opening through a structure
hiatus
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5-19
Digestive System
Lesson 5.3: Digestion—Stomach
and Small Intestine
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5-20
Digestion—Stomach and
Small Intestine
• Digestion: the stomach
– peristalsis
– secretions
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5-21
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the suffixes and their meanings in
the following terms, and then define the
terms:
– duodenum
– gastrin
– digestion
– pepsinogen
– pylorus
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5-22
Digestion—Stomach and
Small Intestine
• Disorders of the stomach
– gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)
– vomiting
– gastritis
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5-23
Digestion—Stomach and
Small Intestine
• Disorders of the stomach
– peptic ulcers
– dyspepsia
– gastric ulcers
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5-24
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following terms:
– anorexia
– gastroscope
– stricture
– dyspepsia
– dysphagia
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5-25
Digestion—Stomach and
Small Intestine
• Small intestine
– three segments
duodenum,
jejunum,
ileum
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5-26
Word Analysis and Definition
• Change the following terms into the
adjective form and define them:
– jejunum
– cecum
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5-27
Digestive System
Lesson 5.4: Digestion—Liver,
Gallbladder, and Pancreas
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5-28
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Liver
– location
– functions
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5-29
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Liver
• KEYNOTE: Only the production of bile
relates the liver to digestion.
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5-30
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Disorders of the Liver
– hepatitis
• HAV
• HBV
• HCV
– cirrhosis
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5-31
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Disorders of the liver
– cancer
– benign tumors
– hemochromatosis
– Wilson disease
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5-32
Word Analysis and Definition
• Give the term associated with the following
definitions:
– a fluid secreted by the liver
bile
– a mass of proliferating blood vessels
hemangioma
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5-33
Word Analysis and Definition
• The following terms have colorful root
elements:
– hemochromatosis
– cirrhosis
– bilirubin
– jaundice
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5-34
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas
– disorders of the
gallbladder
1. gallstones
© SIU Biomedical/Photo Researchers, Inc
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5-35
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas
– disorders of the gallbladder
2. cholecystitis
3. jaundice
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5-36
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Procedures for the biliary system
– cholangiography
– cholecystectomy
1. ERCP
2. ESWL
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5-37
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the elements and define the following
terms:
– cholecystitis
chol/e- -cyst-itis
– cholecystectomy
chol/e- -cyst-ectomy
– cholelithotomy
chol/e- -lith-omy
– choledocholithiasis
choledoch/o- -lith- -iasis
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5-38
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Pancreas
– location
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5-39
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Pancreas
– function
1. exocrine gland
2. pancreatic juices
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5-40
Digestion—Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas
• Pancreas
– disorders of the pancreas
1. pancreatitis
2. pancreatic cancer
3. diabetes
4. cystic fibrosis
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5-41
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following prefixes and roots:
– endo
– exo
– chol
– cyst
– lith
– insul
– pancreat
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5-42
Digestive System
Lesson 5.5: Absorption and
Malabsorption
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5-43
Word Analysis and Definition
• Chemical digestion, absorption, and
transport
– carbohydrates
– proteins
– lipids
– water
– minerals
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5-44
Absorption and Malabsorption
• Disorders of absorption
– malabsorption syndrome
– malnutrition
• KEYNOTE: In malnutrition, the body
breaks down its own tissues to meet its
nutritional and metabolic needs.
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5-45
Absorption and Malabsorption
• Disorders of absorption
– lactose intolerance
• KEYNOTE: Milk sugar is lactose.
– Crohn disease (regional enteritis)
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5-46
Absorption and Malabsorption
• Disorders of absorption
– constipation
– gastroenteritis
– dysentery
• KEYNOTE: Diarrhea is caused by irritation of the
intestinal lining so that feces pass through the
intestine too quickly for adequate amounts of
water to be reabsorbed.
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5-47
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– amin
– hydr
– carb
– lact
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5-48
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements and
define the terms:
– celiac disease
– endoscopy
– malabsorption
– gastroenteritis
– diarrhea
– flatulence
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5-49
Digestive System
Lesson 5.6: The Large Intestine
and Elimination
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5-50
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Structure and functions of the large
intestine
– functions of the large intestine
1. absorption
2. secretion
3. digestion
4. peristalsis
5. elimination
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5-51
Word Analysis and Definition
• The following sets of terms share the
same root; define their meaning:
– colon
colic
colitis
– feces
fecal
defecation
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5-52
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Disorders of the large intestine and anal
canal
– appendicitis
– diverticulosis
© Susan Leavine/Photo Researchers Inc.
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5-53
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Disorders of the large intestine and anal
canal
– ulcerative colitis
– irritable bowel syndrome
– polyps
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5-54
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Disorders of the large intestine and anal
canal
– colon cancer
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5-55
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Disorders of the large intestine and anal
canal
– obstruction
– intussusception
– proctitis
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5-56
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Disorders of the anal canal
– hemorrhoids
© Dr. P. Marazzi/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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5-57
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Disorders of the anal canal
– anal fissures
– anal fistulas
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5-58
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the meaning of the following
suffixes:
– um
– rrhoid
– ion
– osis
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5-59
The Large Intestine and
Elimination
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
– hematemesis
– vomiting “coffee grounds”
– melena
– occult blood
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5-60
Word Analysis and Definition
• The following sets of terms share the
same root; define their meaning:
– hemoglobin
– hemangioma
– hemorrhoid
– hematemesis
– hemoccult test
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5-61
Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures
• Procedures for the biliary system
– cholangiography
cholangi/o- -graphy
– cholecystectomy
chol/e- cyst- -ectomy
– cholelithotomy
chol/e- lith- -otomy
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5-62
Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures
• Diagnostic procedures for the digestive tract
– barium swallow
– barium meal
– enteroscopy
– angiography
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5-63
Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures
• Diagnostic procedures for the digestive tract
– fecal occult blood test
– nasogastric aspiration and lavage
– upper GI barium x-ray
– endoscopy
– anoscopy
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5-64
Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures
• Diagnostic procedures for the digestive tract
– flexible sigmoidoscopy
– colonoscopy
– gastroscopy
– digital rectal exam
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5-65
Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures
• Surgical procedures for the digestive tract
– intestinal resection
• anastomosis
• ostomy
• ileostomy
• colostomy
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5-66
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the common suffix and define the
following terms.
– enteroscopy
– endoscopy
– anoscopy
– colonoscopy
– gastroscopy
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5-67
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following terms and abbreviations.
– enema
– ostomy
– stoma
– BM
– GI
– IBS
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