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Fats Getting from to 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Omega-3 Triglycerides What are they? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Where do they come from? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats GRAINS P P P P P VEGETABLES FRUITS OILS MILK MEAT & BEANS Where are Carbohydrates found on the Food Pyramid? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Diet • Provide Energy • Provide Essential Fatty Acids • Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins • Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety) Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Diet • Provide Energy • Provide Essential Fatty Acids • Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins • Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety) Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Diet • Provide Energy • Provide Essential Fatty Acids • Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins • Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety) Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Diet • Provide Energy • Provide Essential Fatty Acids • Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins • Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety) Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Diet • Provide Energy • Provide Essential Fatty Acids • Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins • Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety) Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Body • Adipose Tissue - Protects Organs - Regulates Temperature • Cell Membrane Structure - Forms part of cell membrane - Helps transport nutrients across cell membranes Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Glycerol and Fatty Acids What are the Building Blocks? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Monoglyceride Glycerol 1 Fatty Acid What are the Building Blocks? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Diglyceride Glycerol 2 Fatty Acids What are the Building Blocks? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Triglyceride Glycerol 3 Fatty Acids What are the Building Blocks? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Glyceride Structure Determines Type Saturated – MUFA – PUFA - Trans 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Atoms and Covalency 4 1 2 How many bonds? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats The Glyceride Chain How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Saturated Fat How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Monounsaturated Fat – MUFA How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an unhealthy saturated fat? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an unhealthy saturated fat? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an unhealthy saturated fat? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Actual peanut butter container circa 1930 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Trans Fats Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Trans Fats Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Trans Fats Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Trans Fats Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Listing Trans Fats on the Food Label 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats (Lipids) The Mouth Mechanical – Mastication 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats (Lipids) The Stomach Mechanical – Churning Chemical– Hydrochloric Acid 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats (Lipids) The Small Intestine Emulsifier – Bile Enzyme – Pancreatic Lipase Enzyme – Intestinal Lipase Lipogenesis – Rebuilding the Triglycerides Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats (Lipids) The Small Intestine Emulsifier – Bile Enzyme – Pancreatic Lipase Enzyme – Intestinal Lipase Lipogenesis – Rebuilding the Triglycerides Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fat Storage Adipose Tissue Triglycerides are then stored as adipose tissue Adipose Tissue – Long Term Storage 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Burning Fats for Energy 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Burning Fats for Energy 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Functions of Fats in the Diet • Provide Energy • Provide Essential Fatty Acids • Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins • Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety) Why do we need them? 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Essential Fatty Acids • Linoleic Acid (Omega-6) • Linolenic Acid (Omega-3) Must be obtained in the diet. 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Essential Fatty Acids Food Sources of Omega-3 and Omega-6 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Health Benefits of Omega-3 and Omega-6 • Tissue strength • Cholesterol metabolism • Muscle tone • Blood clotting • Heart action 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Lipoproteins 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Lipoproteins and Density • High Density [High Protein Load] • Low Density [Low Protein Load] 5/22/2017 2:48 PM HDL’s and LDL’s • HDL [Hint: H = Healthy] • LDL [Hint: L = Lethal] 5/22/2017 2:48 PM What about Cholesterol? • Sterol – a subgroup of steroids • Occurs naturally in animal foods • Not present in plant foods 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis 5/22/2017 2:48 PM What “Good” is Cholesterol? • Form Cell structure • Form Vitamin D • Form Estrogen • Form Testosterone 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Types of Fat Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated Olives, Olive Oil Canola Oil Peanut Oil Cashews, Almonds, Nuts Avocados Corn Soybean Safflower Cottonseed Oils Fish Saturated Trans Fats Whole Milk, Ice Cream Butter, Cheese Red Meat Chocolate, Coconuts Margarine ‘Partially hydrogenated’ products and oils Deep fried foods ‘Fast Foods’ 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Phospholipids 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats / Lipids – Wrapping It Up • Triglycerides (Fatty Acids) • Unsaturated / Saturated / Trans fats • Lipoproteins (HDL’s and LDL’s) • Cholesterol (not truly a lipid) 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Dietary Requirements Carbohydrates 50% Proteins 40% Fats 10% 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats Getting from to 5/22/2017 2:48 PM Fats 5/22/2017 2:48 PM
