Download Nutrition and Food Safety – La Salle

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Food Safety and Nutrition
in the Philippines
Assistant Secretary Maria-Bernardita T. Flores, CESO III
Executive Director, National Nutrition Council, DOH
Outline
• Food safety concerns
• Nutrition situation
• Nutrition research agenda
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Food safety concerns
1. Microbiological contamination
• Staphylococcus aureus in hotdog,
noodles, assorted cooked food
• Escerichia coli in assorted cooked food
• Salmonella in noodles and peanut
butter
• Molds and yeast in cakes
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Food safety concerns
2. Presence of food contaminants
• Aflatoxin in peanuts, corn grits
• Presence of foreign matter and filth
• Allergens in hotcake mix
• Histamine in marine products
• Heavy metals in herbal food
supplements
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Food safety concerns
3. Use of non-permissible food additives
• Borax, potassium bromate, sodium
cyclamate, food color
• Melamine in milk
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Food safety concerns
4. Use of food additives beyond allowable
limits
• Sodium nitrite, Sodium nitrate, Sulfur
dioxide on jelly
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Actions taken by BFAD
• Continuous assessment of Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
(HACCP) to check compliance
• Continuous review and development of
food standards
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Actions taken by BFAD
• Requiring manufacturers to include label
warning re: reaction to a certain ingredient
• Issuance of cease and desist orders
(CDOs) to violators
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Food
System
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Mean one–day per capita food consumption,
in grams, Philippines, 1978 - 2003
1000
897
915
886
869
803
Grams
750
500
250
0
1978
1982
1987
1993
Source: National Nutrition Surveys: 1978-2003, FNRI
2003
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Mean one–day per capita energy and nutrient
adequacy, Philippines, 2003 (FNRI, 6th NNS)
Nutrient
Intake
% Adequacy
Energy (kcal)
1905
98.3
Protein (g)
56.2
99.2
Iron (g)
10.1
Calcium (g)
0.44
Retinol Eq. (g)
60.1
57.1
91.4
455.2
Thiamin (mg)
0.88
Riboflavin
0.73
Niacin (mg)
20.6
Ascorbic Acid (mg)
46.5
86.3
68.0
75.0
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Mean one–day per capita food consumption, in grams,
Philippines, 1978 - 2003
Food group and subgroup
Consumption (gram), raw as purchased
1978
1982
1987
1993
2003
367
356
345
340
364
Starch roots and tubers
37
42
22
17
19
Sugars and syrups
19
22
24
19
24
Fats and oils
13
14
14
12
18
133
154
157
147
185
8
9
10
12
13
42
44
43
44
49
8
10
10
10
10
145
130
111
106
111
34
37
29
30
31
111
93
82
76
80
104
102
107
77
54
Vitamin C-rich
30
18
24
21
12
Other fruits
74
84
83
56
42
Miscellaneous
21
32
26
19
39
897
915
869
803
13 886
Cereals and cereal product
Fish, meat and poultry
Eggs
Milk and milk products
Dried beans, nuts and seeds
Vegetables
Green, leafy, yellow
Other vegetables
Fruits
Total
Source: National Nutrition Surveys: 1978-2003, FNRI
Nutrition Situation
Undernutrition Overnutrition
Preschool (0-5 yrs)
24.6
2.0
School-age (6-10 yrs)
22.8
1.6
Adolescents (11-19
15.5
3.3
12.4
23.9
yrs)
Adults (20 yrs & above)
Source: 2003 National Nutrition Survey and 2005 Updating of Nutritional Status of15
Children, DOST-FNRI
Undernutrition
throughout
the life cycle
Higher
mortality rate
ELDERLY
Malnourished
Impaired
mental
development
Untimely/inadequate
complementary
feeding
BABY
Low birthweight
Inadequate
fetal
nutrition
Inadequate
food, health,
and care
Increased risk of adult
chronic disease
Frequent
infections
Inadequate
catch-up
growth
CHILD
Stunted
WOMAN
Reduced mental
capacity
Malnourished
PREGNANCY
Low weight gain
Higher maternal
mortality
Inadequate
food, health,
and care
Inadequate
food, health,
and care
ADOLESCENT
Stunted
Inadequate food,
health, and care
Reduced mental
capacity
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Source: ACC/SCN (2000). Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Geneva: ACC/SCN in collaboration with the International Food Policy
Research Institute.
Short- and long-term effects of early
undernutrition
Early undernutrition
in utero &
childhood
Brain
development
Cognitive &
educational
performance
Growth &
muscle mass
Body composition
Immunity
Work capacity
Metabolic
programming
of glucose, lipids,
protein,
hormones/
receptors/genes
Diabetes
Obesity
Heart disease
High BP
Cancer
Stroke
Ageing
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Source: Report of the ACC/SCN Commission on Ending Malnutrition by 2020
Ten leading causes of mortality, Philippines, 2000
Cause
Per 100,000
Population
Rate
%
Death
1.
Diseases of the heart
79.1
16.5
2.
Diseases of the vascular system
63.2
13.2
3.
Malignant neoplasms
47.7
9.9
4.
Pneumonia
42.7
8.9
5.
Accidents
42.4
8.8
6.
TB, all forms
36.1
7.5
7.
COPD & allied conditions
20.8
4.3
8.
Certain conditions
originating in the perinatal period
19.8
4.1
9.
Diabetes mellitus
14.1
2.9
10.4
2.2
10. Kidney diseases
Source: Philippine Health Statistics, 2000
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Double burden of malnutrition:
unhealthy diets
• High fat, high sugar,
refined carbohydrates,
processed meat
products, low in fruits
and vegetables
• Urban dwellers
• Low in protein, energy,
micronutrients
Higher income groups Lower income groups
Underweight child and overweight mother
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Addressing the double burden of
malnutrition
• Address undernutrition with interventions
during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and first
2 years of life
• Prevent NCDs with interventions during
pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and infancy
along with strategies for increased
physical activity and other lifestyle
changes
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Updated Medium-Term Philippine Plan
of Action for Nutrition, 2008-2010
• Focus on pregnant women and children 02 years old
• Population groups & areas highly affected
or at-risk to malnutrition
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Updated Medium-Term Philippine Plan
of Action for Nutrition, 2008-2010
• Promotion of healthy lifestyle
– Promote healthy diet
– Smoking cessation
– Increased physical activity
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MTPPAN Research Agenda
1. Basis for formulating and implementing
nutrition policies and programs
2. Development of new products and
processing technologies including more
nutritious foods and higher-yield crops
3. Ensure safe foods derived from
biotechnology
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Nutrition research agenda
1.
Determination of the cost-effectiveness of
nutrition interventions
2.
Testing & modeling of innovative interventions &
delivery systems
3.
Development of simple tools for nutrition
program management at the local level
4.
Child-caring practices of poor households with
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well-nourished children
Nutrition research agenda
5.
Formative & exploratory research related to
complementary feeding, program for school-age
children and adolescents
6.
Exploratory studies on making nutrition labeling
mandatory in the Philippines
7.
Development of more nutrient-dense rice
varieties; high yielding, high-protein fish varieties
commonly consumed by the poor, and low-fat
hog varieties
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Nutrition research agenda
8. Development of complementary food mixes
9. Determination of modes and levels of
financing of nutrition programs and projects
10. Assessment of the effectiveness of
• Accelerated Hunger-Mitigation Program
• School feeding
• Other nutrition programs
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure
safety of our food
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure safety of our food
• The Philippines is facing a double
burden of malnutrition
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Key points
• Vigilance is required to ensure safety of our food
• The Philippines is facing a double burden of malnutrition.
• Addressing undernutrition and
diet-related non-communicable
diseases requires interventions to
prevent and address maternal
and child undernutrition.
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Key points
•
Vigilance is required to ensure the safety of our food.
•
The Philippines is facing a double burden of malnutrition.
•
Addressing undernutrition and diet-related non-communicable diseases
requires interventions to prevent and address maternal and child
undernutrition.
• The continuing challenge for
scientists is to find ways of
overcoming the double burden of
malnutrition in an integrated
manner.
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