Download Diabetes - University of Kentucky

UNIT TWO
LESSON 5: Blood Pressure
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, participants should be able to:
1. Describe the relationship between diabetes and high
blood pressure
2. Explain blood pressure
3. Know their blood pressure numbers
4. Describe ways to control blood pressure
5. Describe feelings and experiences of living with diabetes
6. Identify ways to modify everyday recipes to fit into the
diabetes meal plan
L-esson
What Should You
Be Aware Of?
• Two out of three adults with diabetes also have high
blood pressure or hypertension
• High blood pressure has no symptoms, so it may be
difficult to tell if your blood pressure is high
• If you have diabetes, you should have your blood
pressure checked each time you visit your
doctor or at least two to four times a year
Diabetes and Blood Pressure
 A person with diabetes and high blood pressure also
called hypertension is:
 two to four times more likely to develop heart disease or
have a stroke
 more likely to have diabetes complications:
 kidney disease
 eye problems and blindness
 nerve problems
What Is Blood Pressure?
 Blood pressure is the force of blood inside the arteries
 It is needed to move blood from the heart to other parts
of the body
What Is High Blood Pressure?
 High blood pressure is a condition where the force at
which blood flows through the blood vessels is above
normal
 It is also known as hypertension
Understanding Terms
and Numbers
There are two numbers in a blood pressure reading:
The top number is called
the systolic (sis-TOL-ik)
pressure
The bottom number is
called the diastolic (di-aSTOL-ik) pressure
• This measures the
• This measures the
pressure inside the
artery as the heart beats
and pumps blood to the
blood vessels
pressure between
beats when the heart is
resting
Both of these numbers are recorded
as millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
What Is Considered
High Blood Pressure?
 A blood pressure reading of 130 over 80 (130/80)
mmHg is considered high blood pressure
 Keeping blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg lowers a
person’s risk of developing diabetes complications
Ways to Control
Blood Pressure
1. Reduce the amount of sodium you eat
2. Follow a healthy meal plan
3. Maintain a healthy weight
4. Take part in physical activity
5. Limit alcohol
6. Stop smoking
7. Take all prescribed medications
High Sodium Foods
The following foods are high in sodium. You should limit
these foods in your diet:
• Salted snacks
• Canned, pre-breaded, pre-fried fish
• Cured or preserved meats (luncheon meats, sausage,
hotdogs, corned beef)
• Canned foods
High Sodium Foods
 Cheeses and buttermilk
 Seasoned salts
 Convenience and processed foods
 Condiments: ketchup, mayonnaise, soy sauce,
and salad dressings
Reducing Sodium in the Diet
 Reduce the amount of salt in the diet
 Eat less than 1,500 mg of sodium each day
 Less than ¾ of a teaspoon of salt daily
 Many Americans eat 2,900 to 4,300 mg (1¼ to 2
teaspoons salt) of sodium daily
Reducing Sodium in the Diet
 Use herbs and spices to
 Add little salt at the table
flavor food instead of salt
 Limit the amount of salt in
cooking
 Cut back on condiments
such as mustard, relish,
ketchup, soy sauce and
barbecue sauce
Ways to Cut Back on Sodium
Choose fresh fruits and vegetables and foods
that are not processed
Read Food Labels for Sodium Content
 Use the Percent (%) Daily Value
information on the label to see the
percent of the daily requirement you
are getting
 “Low-sodium” foods:
 contain less than 140 mg of sodium
in each serving
 provide 5% or less of the Daily Value
for sodium
 “High-sodium” foods:
 contain 20% or more of the Daily
Value of sodium
Follow a Healthy Meal Plan
 High blood pressure can be reduced by following the
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
eating plan
 Lowers LDL “bad” cholesterol
 Reduces a person’s risk for heart disease
Follow a Healthy Meal Plan
 The DASH eating plan is high in:
 Fruit
 Vegetables
 Whole grains
 Fat-free or low-fat milk or milk products
 These foods provide nutrients such as potassium, calcium,
magnesium, fiber, and protein that tend to lower blood
pressure
Follow a Healthy Meal Plan
 The DASH plan is low in:







Sodium
Saturated fat
Cholesterol
Total fat
Red meats
Added sugars and sweets
Beverages that contain sugar
DASH Sample Menu
Breakfast
 1 slice whole-wheat toast
 2 tablespoons peanut butter
 1 medium apple
 1 cup fat-free milk
DASH Sample Menu
Lunch
Tossed salad
 4 cups of tossed lettuce leaves
 2 ounces grilled chicken breast
 1 cup sliced fruit (pear, pineapple or berries)
 ¼ cup almonds or walnuts
 2 tablespoons non-fat dressing
 6 reduced-sodium wheat crackers
 1 cup sugar-free iced tea
DASH Sample Menus
Dinner
 3 ounces grilled salmon
 1/3 cup brown rice or whole-wheat pasta
 ½ cup steamed broccoli and carrots
 ½ cup tossed salad with reduced-fat dressing
 1 whole wheat roll with 1 teaspoon margarine
(no trans fat)
 1 cup fat-free milk
Maintain a Healthy Weight
 Blood pressure rises as body weight
increases
 Losing weight is an effective means
of reducing blood pressure
Take Part in Physical Activity
 Regular exercise can lower systolic blood
pressure by 2-10 mmHg
 Check with your doctor before you begin
exercising
 30 minutes of physical activity five or more
days per week is recommended
Limit Alcohol
 Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood
pressure and add calories without adding nutrients
 Alcohol should always be taken in moderation
 No more than 1 drink per day for women
 No more than 2 drinks per day for men
 1 drink is counted as:
 12 ounces of regular beer
 5 ounces of wine
 1 ½ ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits
Stop Smoking
 Smoking injures the walls of the arteries and causes
them to harden
 Smoking is bad for everyone but even more for a
person with high blood pressure
Take All Prescribed
Medications
 Not everyone takes the same kind of blood pressure
medicine
 Many individuals take more than one type of medication
 It is important that you take medication as prescribed by
your doctor
E-mpowerment
Diabetes Education Series: Blood Pressure
Diabetes Education Series
 How would you describe your experiences and feelings
living with diabetes and high blood pressure.
 What was most difficult for you?
 What are ways that you could overcome some of these
difficulties?
 What can you learn from this person’s experience?
A-ction
Did you accomplish the goal you set last week?
Set a goal to help you control your blood pressure.
R-eal-Life Problem Solving
Virginia’s Story
Virginia’s Story
Questions about
Virginia’s Story
 What is Virginia’s problem?
 Why is this a problem for Virginia?
 What are things Virginia needs to do to solve this
problem? (List as many suggestions as possible.)
 What might be the best way to solve this problem at
this point? Why?
Questions about
Virginia’s Story
 Please find the Real-Life Problem Solving handout for
this lesson in your folder
 These questions will help with your understanding of
Virginia’s story
N-utrition
Menu
Tuna Salad with Whole Grain Bread
Zucchini Spice Cake
Healthier Cream Cheese Frosting
See you next week!
Topic: Cholesterol
There is nothing better than
the encouragement of a
good friend.
- Katharine Butler Hathaway
Author: Ingrid Adams, Ph.D., Assistant Professor , Nutrition and
Food Science, University of Kentucky
Other Contributors
Margaret E. Cook-Newell, Ph.D., R.D., L.D.,
CDE
Irene Hong-McAtee, MD, MCR
Date:
Hazel Forsythe, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., CFCS
Stephen D. Perry, M.S., R.D., L.D.
References:
Pam Sigler, M.S.
Adrienne Glodt, B.S., Graduate Student
Lynn Blankenship, M.S., Metcalfe County
Laura Hieronymus, MSEd, APRN, BC-ADM,
CDE
Theresa Scott, M.A., Floyd County
Cheryl Case, M.S., Harrison County
Tamara Thomas, M.S., Franklin County
Ann Hollon, M.A., Wolfe County
Rusty Manseau, B.A., Graphic Artist