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Nutrition: The procurement of
nutrients is called nutrition.
NUTRIENTS
The chemical substances that are
required for the production of energy for
growth and body building are called
nutrients.
Examples: The nutrients we
require are carbohydrates ,proteins,lip
ids,vitamins
and
minerals.
MACRONUTRIENTS
Some of them are required in large quantities and
are therefore called macronutrients. For example
carbohydrates and some minerals like sodium are
required
in
large
amounts.
MICRONUTRIENTS
Some of the nutrients are
required in small amounts often in
micrograms these are called
Micronutrients
.
Examples: Vitamins and minerals
like iron,molybdenum.
Carbohydrates :
carbohydrates are a group of compounds
that contain carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. They are also called as
sugars.
Glucose formed from the hydrolysis of the complex carbohydrates is
used by the body for the production of energy.The importance of
carbohydrates in the diet need be stressed as you might have already
understood that they give energy and in their absence we get tired,
weak and may even faint.You might have seen sports persons taking
glucose.This is immediately absorbed and used by the body.
Proteins: Proteins are made up of Carbon
and Nitrogen . The proteins we eat in our diet are not
absorbed as such .They are broken down to amino
acids by the protein digesting enzymes in the
digestive system . Amino acids are then absorbed
from the intestine. The are 24 different amino acids
in nature and of these only 2 0 amino acids are
present in most of the proteins.Based on our
requirement ,amino acids have been divided two
groups
a) The first group of amino acids are called
ESSENTIAL
AMINO
ACIDS.”
b)The second group is known as NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.
Milk,meat,eggs,cheese,fish are the rich sources
for proteins of animal origin. Legumes,cereals,bean
and nuts are good sources of plant proteins. Amino
acids derived from the dietary proteins are used once
again for synthesising proteins required for the
body.In extreme conditions,proteins may also be
used for the production of energy.
Tomato
Potato
Cabbage
Beetroot
Fats
fats are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Fats
are present in both in animal and plant foods.
Ghee,butter,milk, cheese,eggs and fat present in
meat ere the fats of animal origin.fats from plant
sources are usually used in the from of oils – oils
from groundnut,mustard,sesame,coconut,palm are
examples for fats of plant origin.Fats are chiefly used
in the body to generate energy.
Minerals:
More then 50 minerals can be found in human
body. They are required for growth,repair,regulation
of osmotic
pressure and other vital
processes.Sodium ions maintain the osmotic balance
in the body and are also required for neuronal
activity.
Salt
CALCIUM:
Calcium is the major element required for the
body.It forms about 1.5 to 2% of the body weight in
an adult human being.Most of the calcium is present
in bones.it is required for the formation of
bones,teeth coagulation of blood,production of milk
in the lactating females and for muscle contraction.it
is available in milk,milk products ,green leafy
vegetables
etc..We
required
about
400500milligrams of calcium per day
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