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Special Diets
Special diets
Some people choose not to eat certain foods
or need certain foods to keep healthy.
There can be a variety of reasons for this;
 Because of their ethical beliefs
 Because of their religious beliefs
 For medical reasons
 They do not like the taste or texture of some
foods
 Their age range
VEGETARIANS
There are many reasons why people chose a
vegetarian diet
 They may have strong feelings about the way animals
are kept and slaughtered.
 Land used to feed animals could feed many more if
used for cereal crops
 Many cases of food poisoning are linked to meat
 A vegetarian diet is considered to be healthier 9lower
in fat and cholesterol, higher in fibre) than one that
relies on meat.
 Dislike of animal flesh
 Dietary reasons
 Religious reasons
VEGETARIANS
Types of
vegetarians
 Lacto-ovo
vegetarians
 Lacto-vegetarians
 Pescotarians
 Vegans
 Demi vegetarians
Alternative foods –
vegetarians need to
find an alternative
protein intake;
 Soya beans
 Tofu
 Quorn
 Pulses
 Other beans
 Nuts
 Dairy – if eat!!
ELDERLY
 As people grow older they become less active,
therefore need less energy foods.
 Many of the elderly suffer from osteoporosis
– need more calcium.
 The size of meals should decrease as the
elderly become less active.
 Increase fibre content to avoid constipation.
 Only eat soft foods if dentures are used.
 Eat alternative proteins if income is reduced
and meat is not affordable.
CHILDREN
 Activity and body growth continue to increase
at this period of life. Meal must therefore
provide ample energy, and nutrients for body
growth and maintenance.
 Eat foods low in fat to avoid obesity
 Eat foods high in fibre
 Eat correct size meals
 Eat 5 a day of fruit and vegetables
 Eat healthy snacks
MEDICAL DIETS
LACTOSE INTOLERANT
COELIAC
 Avoid milk and milk
 Intolerant to the protein
products
 Experience nausea,
bloating, pain in the
abdomen and diarrhoea
 Eat lactose-reduced
products
 Eat goats cheese, soya
milk, feta cheese, rice
milk
gluten
 Gluten is found in many
cereals plants primarily
wheat
 Avoid pasta, bread, cereals
flour based foods!!
 Gluten free products are
available
RELIGIOUS DIETS
 Muslims - do not eat pork (they believe the pig is
unclean). Meat has to be Halal – slaughtered
according to religious beliefs. No shell fish or alcohol.
 Hindus – do not eat beef (they believe the cow is
sacred). Many are vegan, some do eat lamb, poultry
and/or fish
 Jews – do not eat pork, bacon or ham, shellfish or
eels. They do not eat meat or milk at the same time or
cooked together e.g. Lasagne. They eat kosher meat
(i.e. Meat that has been prepared in accordance with
Jewish dietary guidelines). Milk and milk products are
usually eaten at breakfast only and avoided at other
meals.