Download Year 11 GCSE PE Revision

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3. Diet
Topic area
Contents
Maintaining a balanced diet
Page/slide number
3-4
Dietary imbalance or deficiencies
5
Specific diets
6
Carbohydrate loading
7
High-protein diet
8
Revision questions
9
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Maintaining a balanced diet – nutritional needs
Everyone needs food in order to survive. The nutrients in food are...
Nutrient
What’s it for?
Where’s it found?
Carbohydrates
One of the main sources of
energy (simple
Simple carbohydrates: sugars,
glucose
Complex: pasta, bread, rice
Fats
Another major source of energy
Cheese, cream, meat, cooking oils,
butter
Proteins
‘Building blocks’ to help growth
Animal products and plant foods
(beans, lentils, nuts)
Vitamins
To maintain good health
In normal diet
Minerals
Also for good health
Vegetables and meat
Water/fluids:
Replace lost fluids to prevent
dehydration
Fibre/roughage Aids digestion
Cereals, wholegrain bread and oats
3
Nutrition video
These are the nutrients that make up a balanced
diet. The portions represent a balanced diet.
4
Dietary imbalance or deficiencies
Malnutrition
Physical weakness
resulting from
insufficient food or
an unbalanced diet
Obesity
Being extremely
overweight,
which frequently
results in health
problems
Anorexia
An eating disorder
primarily occurring in
girls and women,
related to a fear of
gaining weight, selfstarvation and a
distorted body image.
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Specific diets
You need food for energy. You need energy even when your body is at rest, but as
soon as you become more active your basal metabolic rate is affected and you
need to balance the requirements your body has taken in with the amounts that
are being used up.
The number of calories needs to balance because if you have a higher intake than
output you will tend to put on weight, and if you are very active you will need more
calories.
Key Terms
•Basal metabolic rate: the minimum rate of energy required to keep all of the
life processes of the body maintained when it is at rest
•Calorie: a unit that measures heat or energy production in the body
•Glycogen: the form of carbohydrate storage, which is converted into glucose
as needed by the body to satisfy its energy needs
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Carbohydrate loading
This is a particular dietary plan that endurance
athletes, mainly marathon runners, use
involving plenty of starch-rich foods, such as
pasta, in the week before an important
competition or event.
The starch increases the amount of glycogen in the
muscles, which can help to delay tiredness and can
improve performance in the end stages of competition
because it is a slow-release form of energy.
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High-protein diets
These are often used by
bodybuilders as a means of
building muscle and losing fat.
Extra protein in itself does not
add muscle and high protein
foods can be difficult to digest
so they should not be eaten
just before training or
competing.
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Revision questions...
1. What are nutrients?
(2)
2. Name the 2 types of carbohydrate and give an example
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
of each one.
(4)
Why is it important to maintain levels of fluids/water?
(2)
What is meant by basal metabolic rate?
(2)
What is a calorie?
(1)
What is meant by carbohydrate loading and which type
of performers would use it?
(3)
Who might use a high-protein diet and what problems
may this cause?
(3)
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