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Concentrated Study in Educational Theatre The NYU Program in Educational Theatre provides concentrated study in three areas: I. II. III. Drama Education Applied Theatre – Community based initiatives Play Production for Artists and Educators By concentrated study, we mean areas of specialization in the broad field of educational theatre in which the program has particular expertise. Potential applicants to NYU, as well as current students, will find detailed descriptions of each concentration area enclosed. As well, a recommended reading is included for each section. We believe you will find these descriptions comprehensive and illuminating in that they cover the broad terrain of the program’s work. Nonetheless, these areas are not meant to delimit your focus, but rather they highlight those fields of study where we can offer the most support and where our reputation has been built. If you have any questions of how your area of interest fits into our concentrated study, or if your questions are not answered through the following descriptions, then please contact the appropriate academic advisors, or make an appointment with the program office to speak to an advisor over the phone or in person: Program Office Administration: [email protected] Phone: 212.998.5868 Ms. Julia Spanja: [email protected] BS (ETHR) Dr. Christina Marín: [email protected] Mr. Joseph Salvatore: [email protected] Dr. Nancy Smithner: [email protected] MA (EDTA) MA (ETED) Mr. Joseph Salvatore: [email protected] Dr. Nancy Smithner: [email protected] MA (EDTC) Dr. Christina Marín: [email protected] Ms. Desiree Hamburger: [email protected] EdD/ PhD (EDTH/EDTC) Dr. Philip Taylor: [email protected] ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 1 of 19 DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC AND PERFORMING ARTS PROFESSIONS PROGRAM IN EDUCATIONAL THEATRE JOSEPH AND VIOLET PLESS HALL 82 WASHINGTON SQUARE EAST, 223 NEW YORK, NY 10003-6680 TELEPHONE: 212.998.5868 FAX: 212.995.4569 EMAIL: [email protected] CONCENTRATED STUDY II: Applied Theatre---Community based initiatives Applied Theatre refers to the practice of theatre and drama in non-traditional settings and/or with marginalized communities. It encompasses theatre practices which tackle areas of social and cultural policy such as public health, education, housing, social welfare, and juvenile and criminal justice. Applied Theatre is multi-disciplinary and places a strong emphasis on building links with other research disciplines and agencies. The Program in Educational Theatre provides course offerings in Applied Theatre, as well as opportunities for students to engage in numerous outreach theatre projects. It offers students the chance to develop their own practical work and skills, and apply these to projects of their choice. The Program’s Applied Theatre experiences have included projects about racism and prejudice, domestic violence, queer teens, bullying, youth suicide and adolescent identity, to name a few. Students of Applied Theatre have worked in a range of locations – from homes for the elderly, community and recreational sites, to prison facilities with incarcerated youth offenders. Students who focus on Applied Theatre become active researchers in the areas of theatre in education, theatre of the oppressed, theatre in prisons, theatre and development, and theatre in museums and at other historic or cultural sites. Graduates hold teaching and senior university posts worldwide; they are teaching artists; they develop artist in residency applied theatre programs; they write and implement issue-based curriculum resources; they create ethnodramas and performed ethnographies; and they lead educational and community outreach programs in urban and rural landscapes. At NYU, baccalaureate through doctoral students study how they can create, implement, evaluate and research Applied Theatre within the community. The program is committed to developing future leaders and artist-practitioners who study: ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 2 of 19 • • • • the purposes and contribution of Applied Theatre to cultural life the major scholars and practitioners in the field of Applied Theatre the making, creating and assessing of Applied Theatre experiences the application of outreach theatre in diverse contexts What is Applied Theatre at NYU? Applied theatre is both a term and a movement that is gathering momentum. The movement springs from the desire to change or transform human behavior through the medium of theatre. In his book, Applied Theatre: Creating Transformative Encounters in the Community, Dr. Philip Taylor offers strategies for using theatre to raise awareness, propose alternatives, provide healing, and implement community change. As he demonstrates, applied theatre teaches us to teach others, helps communities deal with issues and gives voice to the views of the silent. At NYU, students are empowered to explore opportunities and participate in analyzing theatre projects within communities of marginalized peoples. With student- initiated theatre-based projects, students work within a community of their choice while analyzing and evaluating their own practice. The applied theatre coursework is designed to develop academic strength in disciplines related to the field and enables students to accomplish original research. The course work and community experiences within the Program in Educational Theatre allows students to see how the theatrical art form is being harnessed to help communities question aspects of who they are and what they hope to be. Drama and Special Education, Theatre in Education Practices, Applied Theatre I and II, Youth Theatre in Education, Seminar in Applied Theatre Research, Methods and Materials of Research, Storytelling, Theatre of the Oppressed, Creating Theatre with Young People, Theatre Practices, Creating Meaning through Community Drama, Coping with Conflict and The Teaching Artist are courses which introduce students to a range of methods that they can choose to use in future research and assessment in Applied Theatre. These courses aim to equip students with the skills and resources necessary to engage with research, as well as develop understandings and insights within the field of Applied Theatre. Here are some examples of recent applied theatre projects: • Three Masters’ students examine a community’s reaction to tragedy after three University undergraduate students die in three unrelated suicides. Emulating Eve Ensler’s style of interview guided by open-ended questions, they interview a wide range of participants to examine how deeply a series of similar painful events can affect members of a community. They also attempt to discern how far-reaching the affects of the tragedies extend. They create a performance text revealing the pain of, and the lessons learned by, community members affected by the tragedies. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 3 of 19 • A small group of graduate students work with older people who live in a residential living community to grapple with the questions that emerge from that community. Issues to do with growing old, expectations of behavior, and discrimination towards older citizens emerge in the process. Likewise for the graduate students, issues to do with devising work, the role of the facilitator in engaging audiences, the ethical responsibilities of the teaching artists, and how this work is evaluated in the short and long term are examined as the graduate students use participatory theatre strategies (such as teacher in role, image and forum theatre, hot-seating, role on the wall), to engage the participants in dramatic scenarios as a spring board for thematic and aesthetic exploration. • Students in Dublin’s study abroad program conduct interviews for a devised piece at the local Dublin bar, Cobblestone, which both celebrates and examines local culture. The patrons attend a performance of this ethnodrama in a recreational center. NYU students transform the research participants’ words into an eloquent performance. • With the help of undergraduate students, NYC high school students create an original show that explores the theme of the elements: air, earth, fire and water. The devised scenes are created organically and spontaneously from the teens and harnessed by the graduate students, reflecting both literal and metaphoric interpretations of the elements such as forest fires, immigration, lust, and greed to express not only what the elements mean to them individually, but also the impact the elements have on others across the world. • In a rehabilitation site for young offenders, a NYU teaching artist asks the inmates to represent physically the oppressions they have experienced, and then the ways they have oppressed others. This artist commits to a view that physicalization of such images can assist the young people to fully probe how they relate to their world • An ethnographic transcript of classroom teachers who were interviewed about assessment is activated through performance. In doing so, the seemingly in-active text on the page is brought to life and reveals a progression of how teachers view assessment. The piece explores the inherent difficulties in assessment-based education, the concerns and dilemmas held by the classroom teachers and school administrators, the frustrations borne out of such a situation, and finally, the questions and possibilities that can move the system forward – a light at the end of the tunnel. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 4 of 19 Courses with Applied Theatre components: E17.2090 Theatre in Education Practices A production course for teachers, recreation leaders, actors, directors and language specialists which focuses on the creation of theatre projects with educational emphases. Students survey the history of T.I.E. programs and research, devise, rehearse and present original T.I.E. programs to be performed on campus. Students devising innovative uses of participatory theatre work based on social issues. Planning becomes a crucial element as teams brainstorm the best strategy for deepening engagement with the issues being addressed. Texts that have been used in this courses include: Boal, A. (2002) Games for Actors and Non-Actors. London: Routledge. Freire, P. (1972) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Continuum International Publishing Group, 30th Annv edition (September 1, 2000). Jackson, T. (1993) Learning through Theatre. London: Routledge. Rohd, M. (1998) Theatre for Community Conflict and Dialogue: The Hope Is Vital Training Manual. Heinemann Drama. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 5 of 19 E17.2101, 2102 Applied Theatre I and II E17.2979 Creating Meaning Through Community Drama E17.2965 Introduction to Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed An exploration of applied theatre which includes studies in community and participatory artforms. Students experience and investigate a range of genres in applied theatre, including community theatre, prison and juvenile justice theatre, theatre for older people, theatre for development, theatre of the oppressed and theatre for development. Students examine the work of the pioneering theatre for social change exponent, Augusto Boal, and the various offshoots of the Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) movement worldwide. IRELAND It’s always a pleasure when your homework entails interviewing Irish people over a Guinness at the nearby bar, while traditional Irish music is being performed in the background. This was just one of the many experiences students had while studying abroad in Dublin, Ireland. This three week adventure in a beautiful country allowed for an international exploration of the elements of Applied Theatre. Whether learning about Dublin’s history from a cab driver, walking down cobblestone streets, or exploring a student’s own knowledge in practical workshops, the Study Abroad program in Ireland cultivates a working environment as students explore the various methodologies and outlets for Applied Theatre. Conducting interviews for a devised piece at a local Dublin bar, The Cobblestone, and then having those interviewees in attendance as student researchers spoke their words during a performance, was just one of the many applications of this field of study. Students had the opportunity to work with inspirational people through NYU’s partnership with both the Abbey Theatre and Trinity College. They learned about the need to advocate for the arts through Martin Drury’s tour of The Ark, an arts center for children which he founded, the applications of process drama with Cecily O’Neill, and Irish dancing with choreographer Camin Collins. They even had an opportunity to meet ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 6 of 19 Irish school teachers and exchange common ideas and suggestions. A memorable experience for many of them was the performance of Blue Flax, a group of women from Belfast who shared a beautiful performed ethnography based on the troubles existing in their area, followed by an evening with playwright Conor McPherson. E17.2053 Exploring Social Issues and Conflict Resolution through Drama E17.2978 Coping with Conflict: Drama as a Catalyst for Social Awareness How do we help young people build positive self-images in a world where destruction and violence is pervasive? What constructive solutions can be sought for challenging life issues? These courses will examine some of the complex issues faced by young people and how drama strategies can open up fruitful conversation and dialogue. This course examines the skills teaching artists require for a range of educational, community and vocational settings. In a city as diverse as New York where many cultural institutions engage teaching artists, sometimes know as actor teachers, to facilitate theatre programming in various settings, this course emphasizes those fondational skills applied theatre practitioners require when collaborating with key stakeholders (schools, communities, administrators). Texts that have been used in these courses: Boal, A. (1995) Rainbow of Desire. London: Routledge Cohen-Cruz, J. (2005) Local Acts: Community-based Performances In The United States. Rutgers University Press. Kaufman, M. (2001) The Laramie Project. New York: Dramatists Play Service. Taylor, P. (2003) Applied Theatre: Creating Transformative Encounters in the Community Portsmouth. Heinemann. Thompson, J. (Ed)(1998) Applied Theatre. Peter Lang. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 7 of 19 E17.2977 Understanding Diversity: Teaching Pluralism In today’s multicultural society it is more important than ever for educators to be aware of the complex idenities of the young people they teach. This course explores the possibilities and problems educational theatre practitioners face as they explore such issues as ethnicity, sexuality, gender, and disability. Students consider and learn the langugage of power and privilege and how such can be addressed in multiple contexts. Texts that have been used include: Giroux, H. (1992) Border Crossings: Cultural workers and the politics of education. New York: Routledge. McLaren, P. (1995) Life in Schools. New York: Longman. O’Toole, J. & Donelan, K. (1996) Drama, Culture and Empowerment: The IDEA Dialogues. Brisbane: IDEA Publications. Manley, A. & O’Neill, C. (1995) Dreamseekers. Portsmouth: Heinemann. Saldaña, J. (1995) Drama of Color. Portsmouth: Heinemann. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 8 of 19 E17.2075, E17.2076 Youth Theatre in Education E17.2980, E17.2981 Creating Theatre with Young People E17.2982 Directing Youth Theatre Productions E17.2152 Theatre Practices: Problems in Play Production These courses explore the set of skills the next generation of youth theatre artist require. Students focus on material to select, adapting that material to multiple audiences, implementing and evaluating youth theatre in education. E17.1065 Theory of Creative Drama E17.1067 Methods of Conducting Creative Drama These courses are an “on your feet”, “hands on” exploration of the philosophies and practices of the dynamic experiential learning and teaching methodology that is process and creative drama. A “learning by doing” examination, ranging from the pioneers of classroom drama through the most recent creative arts praxis of applied theatre. Students devise and lead activities, classes, and workshops in a practical exploration of dynamic teaching strategies for young people. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 9 of 19 Students in Theory of Creative Drama and Methods of Conducting Creative Drama serve as the principal authors of lesson plans for the Program’s outreach initiatives connected to mainstage productions. In recent years, curriculum guides have been developed for 5xWilder (a collection of one-act plays by Thorton Wilder), A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Caucasian Chalk Circle, and Provocative Acts: transfigured and (m)BODY that include these lessons plans. These lessons and workshops dealing with homophobia, facades, dreams, love, betrayal, victimization, intolerance, power, and self-image have been facilitated by Program students in New York City classrooms, NYU Residence Halls, community organizations, and for students visiting the NYU campus from area schools and cultural programs. Texts that have been used for these courses include: O'Neill, C. (1995) Drama Worlds. Portsmouth, Heinemann. Neelands, J. (2002) Structuring Drama Work. Cambridge University Press. Taylor, P. (2000) The Drama Classroom: Action, Reflection, Transformation. London, RoutledgeFalmer. Wagner, B.J. (1999) Dorothy Heathcote Drama as a Learning Medium. Portsmouth, Heinemann. E17.2171/2172 Shakespeare’s Theatre I and II A practical approach to presenting Shakespeare on the stage or in the classroom. The class examines historical and contemporary approaches to the material, and will address special problems in producing Shakespeare’s play for college, high school and community theatres. Special emphasis is placed on directorial approaches and actor coaching. SHAKESPEARE TO GO This exciting outreach program for New York City students was a tremendous success in its first year with performances of The Taming of the Shrew in Manhattan and Brooklyn. The traveling troupe of players represents a great cross section of the Program in Educational Theatre with grads and undergrads, classroom teachers and teaching artists, and professional Theatre for Young Audiences company members. As the second season began, the troupe transitioned in new company members and added a new play, Hamlet, to the repertory. As they remounted Shrew, they also began developing their new play under the direction of Zachary Moore. Shakespeare to Go tours plays to schools in all five boroughs of New York City, providing free performances for thousands of students. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 10 of 19 LOOKING FOR SHAKESPEARE The Looking for Shakespeare program invites teen participants to experience the Bard and adapt him for contemporary audiences. The actors range from ages 1218. Under the tutelage of an NYU director and creative team, along with an enthusiastic group of graduate students, young people focus their energies into respecting the art of theatre and appreciate the hard work that goes into producing a show. Texts that have been used in these courses include: Boyce, C. (1991) Shakespeare A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Plays, His Poems, His Life & Times, and More. Delta, reissue edition. Brine, A. & York, M. (2000) A Shakespearean Actor Prepares. Smith & Kraus, first edition. E17.2193/2194 Drama in Education I and II These courses are required in the BS and MA degrees and recommended in the EdD and PhD programs. They are the foundation graduate courses which provide an overview of the development of drama education and its relationship to cultural life. Students explore some of the key terminology in the field, including child drama, creative drama, process drama, developmental drama, documentary drama, theatre in education, applied theatre. Students endeavor to position where and how their own work sits within this terminology. Students are introduced to the key authors and practices in Drama in Education I. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 11 of 19 Students explore the important research which demonstrates the power of drama in range of settings. Drama in Education II has a community focus where the critical pedagogy of Paulo Freire, Augusto Boal, Peter McLaren, Henry Giroux, Patti Lather and others is introduced. The focus in these courses is on seminar presentations supported by extensive reading and participatory examples. PUERTO RICO Drama in Education I and II in Puerto Rico focuses on innovative applications of community arts programs. Students learn mask making, puppetry, and experiment with bodies and improvisation. They learn about the contribution of art making to cultural identity and heritage. Students work in edgy community venues and work with leading Latino artists, many of whom have been influenced by the pioneering praxis of Paulo Freire and Augusto Boal. Students create art which is presented for local communities. They tour community sites, Churches and recreational centers, museums and galleries to explore the role community arts plays in human expression. Texts that have been used in these courses include: Boal, A. (1979) Theatre of the Oppressed. London: Pluto Press. Bolton, G (1979) Towards a Theory of Drama in Education. Harlow: Longman. Booth, D. (1994) Storydrama. Toronto: Pembroke. Freire, P. (1970) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Continuum International Publishing Group, 30th Annv edition (September 1, 2000). Hornbrook, D. (1998) Education and Dramatic Art. London: Routledge. Wagner, B.J. (1999) Dorothy Heathcote: Drama as a Learning Medium. Portland, ME: Calender Island. O’Neill, C. (1995) Drama Worlds. New Hampshire: Heinemann. O’Toole, J. (1992) The Process of Drama. London: Routledge. Saldaña, J. (1995) Drama of Color. Portsmouth: Heinemann. E17.2077 Methods and Materials of Research in Educational Theatre This class will explore the diverse research designs available for investigation in Educational Theatre. This required course in the MA programs is an examination of how to construct a research and grant proposal, how to collect and analyze data, and the various ways, such as performed ethnography, in which this research may be represented. A required course in the MA programs. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 12 of 19 E17.2400 Seminar in Applied Theatre Research An advanced seminar which examines the key considerations that drive research activity in applied theatre. Students canvass the territory of Applied Theatre, the purposes of an Applied Theatre, and the challenges researchers face when designing, implementing and presenting their Applied Theatre studies. Students create their own applied theatre research project which can include internships, arts partnerships and grant writing. This course constitutes the “terminal experience” in the MA Program (EDTC) curriculum. It is open to students in other masters and doctoral programs interested in applied theatre research. The pre-requisite for this course is usually E17.2077 Methods and Materials of Research in Educational Theatre. Past Applied Theatre Research Projects Include: “Eleven Times,” the stories of victims of domestic violence. “Voices,” the narratives of LGBT college students and their stuggles with growing up and positive identity development. “Bullies,” an enthnographic study about the lives of middleschool students and how they interact with and deal with aggressive students in their school. “No place to go,” narratives of homeless youth with HIV+ mothers. Texts that have been used in these courses include: Bogdan, R. & Biklen, S. (2003) Qualitative Research for Education. 3rd or 4th edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bolton, G. (2003) The Dorothy Heathcote Story. Trentham: Stoke on Trent Ely, M. et. (1991). Doing Qualitative Research: Circle within Circles. London: The Falmer Press. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 13 of 19 Taylor, P. (1996) (ed.) Researching Drama and Arts Education. London: The Falmer Press. Taylor, P. (1998) Redcoats and Patriots. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. E17.2954 Storytelling This nine-hour intensive explores the art and craft of storytelling, its place in cultural history and its application in the classroom. One of the oldest and purest art forms, storytelling is about direct communication between teller and audience. There are no costumes, no sets, and no fourth wall. The audience and the storyteller are partners in a shared, immediate experience. Along with our season of professional storytelling performances at the Provincetown Playhouse, we are delighted to announce a new course for the Program - Storytelling, taught by professional storyteller, seasoned teaching artist, and the coordinator of our storytelling series at the Provincetown Playhouse, Regina Ress. For New York With Love was the title of a recent storytelling series. As a teaching technique, storytelling has been used by teachers, preachers…even clowns. Why? Because hidden within story lie lessons about life, language, and learning. Children often ask: "Was that story true?" “Well,” answers one storyteller, "It may not be real...it may not have happened exactly the way I told it, but that doesn't mean it isn't true!" All of the storytellers in our series are both performers and professional teaching artists and bring their unique understanding of the interplay between teller (teacher) and listener. They are also, of course, great performers! Texts that have been used for this course include: Bailey, S. (1993) Wings to Fly: Bringing Theatre Arts to Students with Special Needs. Woodbine House. Barton, B. & Booth, D. (1990) Stories in the Classroom. Heinemann. Lippman, D. (1995) The Storytelling Coach. August House Publishers. Mama, R. (1998) Why Goats Smell Bad and Other Stories from Benin. Linnet Books. Rodriguez, S. (1992) The Special Artists’ Handbook. Seymour Publications. Wolkstein, D. (1997) The Magic Orange Tree and Other Haitian Folk Tales. Schocken. Selected Reference List in Applied Theatre ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 14 of 19 Argyris, C. & Schon, D. (1974) Theory in Practice: Increasing Professional Effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Barone, T. (2001) Teaching eternity: The enduring outcomes of teaching. New York: Columbia University. Boal, A. (1992) Games for Actors and Non-Actors. London: Routledge. Boal, A. (1995) Rainbow of Desire. London: Routledge. Boal, A. (1979) Theater of the Oppressed. Pluto Press. Bolton, G. (2003) Dorothy Heathcote’s story: biography of a remarkable drama teacher. Stoke on Trent: Trentham. Bolton, G. (1998) Understanding classroom acting. Stoke on Trent: Trentham. Bolton, G. (1992) New Perspectives on Classroom Drama. England: Simon and Schuster. Bond, E. (2000) The Hidden Plot: Notes on Theatre and the State. Methuen. Brook, P. (1968) The Empty Space. Pelican. Cohen-Cruz, J. (2005) Local Acts: Community-based Performances In The United States. Rutgers University Press. Craig, S. (1980) Dreams and Deconstructions. Amber Lane Press. Davis, D. & Lawrence, C. (1984) Gavin Bolton: Selected Writings. England: Longman. Deavere Smith, A. (1994) Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992. Anchor. Denzin, N. & Lincoln, Y. (Eds)(2000) Handbook of Qualitative Research Thousand, 2nd edition. Oaks: Sage. Dewey, J. (1948) Experience and education. NY: Macmillan. Doyle, C. (1993) Raising Curtains on Education: Drama as a site for critical pedagogy. Westport: Bergin and Garvey. Doyle, C. (1993) Raising Curtains on Education: Drama as a site for critical pedagogy. Westport: Bergin and Garvey. Eagleton, T. (1990) The Ideology of the Aesthetic. Blackwell. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 15 of 19 Eisner, E. (1981). The role of the arts in cognition and curriculum. Phi Delta Kappan, 63 (1), 48-52. Ely, M., Vinz, R., Downing, M., & Anzul, M. (1997) On Writing Qualitative Research: Living by words. London: Falmer. Ely, M., Anzul, M., Friedman, T., Garner, D. & Steinmetz, A.M. (1991) Doing qualitative research: Circles within circles. NY: Falmer. Ensler, E. (2000) The Vagina Monologues. Villard. Goodman, L. & J. De Gay (2000) The Routledge Reader in Politics and Performance. Routledge. Grady, S. (2000) Drama and Diversity: a pluralistic perspective for education and drama. New Hampshire: Heinemann. Greene, M. (2001) Variations on a Blue Guitar: The Lincoln Center Institute lectures on Aesthetic Education. New York: Teachers College. Heathcote, D. & Bolton, G. (1995) Drama for Learning Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Heathcote, D. & Bolton, G. (1995) Drama for Learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Hilton, J. (ed) (1992) New Directions in Theatre. Macmillan. Itzin, C. (1980) Stages In the Revolution. Methuen. Jackson, T. (1993) Learning through Theatre. London: Routledge. Johnson, K. (1981) Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre. London: Methuen. Johnson, L. & O'Neill, C. (Eds.)(1984) Dorothy Heathcote: Collected Writings on Education and Drama. England: Hutchinson. Johnson, K. (1981) Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre. London: Methuen. Johnson, L. & O'Neill, C. (Eds.)(1984) Dorothy Heathcote: Collected Writings on Education and Drama. England: Hutchinson. Kaufman, M. (2001) The Laramie Project. New York: Dramatists Play Service. Langer, S. (1953) Feeling and Form England: Routledge Landy, R. (1993) Persona and Performance: The Role of Drama, Therapy and Everyday Life. England: Routledge. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 16 of 19 Manley, A. & O’Neill, C. (Eds)(1997) Dreamseekers. Portsmouth: Heinemann. Matarasso, F. (1997) Use or Ornament? The Social Impact of Participation in the Arts. Comedia. McGrath, J. (1981) A Good Night Out. Methuen. McLaren, P. L. & C. Lankshear (1994) Politics of Liberation - Paths from Freire. Routledge. Mitter, S. (1992) Systems of Rehearsal. Routledge. Morgan, N. and Saxton, J. (1986). Teaching Drama. Heinemann: London. Morgan, N. and Saxton, J. (1991). Teaching, Questioning and Learning. Routledge: London. Neelands, J. (1992) Learning through Imagined Experience. England: Hodder Headline Neelands, J. (1984). Making Sense of Drama. Heinemann: London. Neelands, J. (2000) Structuring Drama Work: A handbook of available forms in theatre and education Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O’Neill, C. (1995) Drama Worlds New. Hampshire: Heinemann. O'Neill, C. and Lambert, A. (1982). Drama Structures. Hutchinson: London. O'Toole J. & M. Lepp (eds) (2000) Drama, Adults and Learning - dialogues of professional, personal and community empowerment. Playlab. Peter, M. (1995) Making Drama Special: Developing Drama Practice to Meet Special Educational Needs. London: David Fulton. Richardson, L. (1994) Writing: a method of inquiry, in Denzin, N. & Lincoln, Y. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Robinson, K. (Ed.)(1980) Exploring Theatre and Education. London: Heinemann. Ross, M. (Ed.)(1982) The Development of Aesthetic Experience. England: Pergammon. Saldaña, J. (2005) Ethnodrama: An anthology of Reality Theatre. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira. Samuel. R. et. al. (1985) Theatres of the Left 1880 – 1935. Routledge and Kegan Paul. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 17 of 19 Schechner, R. (1988) Performance Theory. Routledge: London & New York. Schechner, R. (1993) The Future of Ritual. Routledge: London & New York. Schön, D. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner. NY: Basic Books. Stourac, R. & K. McCreery (1986) Theatre as a Weapon. Routledge and Kegan Paul. Taylor, P. (2003) Applied Theatre: Creating Transformative Encounters in the Community. Portsmouth, Heinemann. Taylor, P. (2000) The Drama Classroom: Action, Reflection, Transformation. London: Falmer. Taylor, P. (1998) Redcoats and Patriots: Reflective practice in drama and social studies. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Taylor, P. (Ed) (1996) Researching drama and arts education: Paradigms and Possibilities London: Falmer Press. Thompson, J. (Ed)(1998) Applied Theatre. Peter Lang. Turner, V. (1974) Dramas, Fields and Metaphors. Cornell University Press: New York. Turner, V. (1982) From Ritual to Theatre: The Human Seriousness of Play. Performing Arts Journal Press: New York. Warren (Ed) (2002) Creating a Theatre in Your Classroom and Community. Captus University Publications. Willett, J. (1974) Brecht on Theatre. Methuen. Williams, R. (1975) Drama in the Dramatised Society, C.U.P.: Cambridge Useful Journals Youth Theatre Journal (AATE) Research in Drama Education (Carfax Publications) Arts Education Policy Review DRAMA RESEARCH (National Drama, UK) NJ: DramaAustralia Journal (DramaAustralia Publications) DramaMatters (Ohio State University) Applied Theatre Researcher (www.gu.edu.au/centre/atr) ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 18 of 19 ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 19 of 19