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Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky Discussion Themes In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”: 1. Linguistic aspects Jabberwocky Discussion Themes In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”: 1. Linguistic aspects 2. Literary aspects Jabberwocky Discussion Themes In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”: 1. Linguistic aspects 2. Literary aspects 3. Cognitive aspects Jabberwocky Jabberwocky Figure: Illustrated by John Tenniel Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky 1. Frame exposition Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky 1. Frame exposition 2. Warning Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky 1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky 1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky 1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky 1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory 6. Hero’s welcome Jabberwocky Lewis Carroll Figure: 1832 to 1898 Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass I Profession: Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s. Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s. I Wrote many books on math and logic Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s. I Wrote many books on math and logic I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s. I Wrote many books on math and logic I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories) Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s. I Wrote many books on math and logic I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories) I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems Jabberwocky Sense vs. Nonsense I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and effect Jabberwocky Sense vs. Nonsense I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and effect I I was very hungry last night ... Jabberwocky Sense vs. Nonsense I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and effect I I was very hungry last night ... I A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical Jabberwocky Sense vs. Nonsense I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and effect I I was very hungry last night ... I A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical I Square root of Tuesday Jabberwocky Poetic/Figurative Language I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so Jabberwocky Poetic/Figurative Language I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart Jabberwocky Poetic/Figurative Language I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart I Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart attack? Jabberwocky Poetic/Figurative Language I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart I Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart attack? I Her hair is shiny and yellow; Her smile makes the poet feel emotional and warm Jabberwocky Creating Words What are the strategies that Carroll uses? Jabberwocky Creating Words What are the strategies that Carroll uses? 1. Word combinations Jabberwocky Creating Words What are the strategies that Carroll uses? 1. Word combinations 2. Using a common word and changing it Jabberwocky Creating Words What are the strategies that Carroll uses? 1. Word combinations 2. Using a common word and changing it 3. Riddles Jabberwocky Cognitive Aspects 1. fMRI study (Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000) 2. ERP study (Hahne and Jescheniak 2001) Jabberwocky Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000 Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of: Jabberwocky Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000 Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of: 1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function words and pseudo content words)? Jabberwocky Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000 Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of: 1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function words and pseudo content words)? 2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words Jabberwocky Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000 Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of: 1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function words and pseudo content words)? 2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words Auditory Language Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study on the Processing of Syntactic and Lexical Information Jabberwocky Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI) I Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow Jabberwocky Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI) I Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow I Cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled Jabberwocky Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI) I Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow I Cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled I Primary form of fMRI uses the Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast (Seiji Ogawa) Jabberwocky BOLD fMRI Figure: Courtesy: Hannah Devlin Jabberwocky I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells Jabberwocky I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood flow) Jabberwocky I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood flow) I Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic when deoxygenated Jabberwocky I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood flow) I Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic when deoxygenated I Leads to small differences in the MR signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation Jabberwocky Stimuli Jabberwocky fMRI Activation Patterns Figure: Activation in left hemisphere (activation of the deep left frontal operculum in Jabberwocky speech encircled); (A) Normal speech; (B) Jabberwocky speech Jabberwocky Stimuli-wise Activation in Temporal and Frontal Lobes Figure: Top and botton left: TemporalJabberwocky lobe; Top and bottom right: Conclusion Additional computational resources of left inferior frontal cortex are recruited to process Jabberwocky speech Jabberwocky
