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Jabberwocky
by
Lewis Carroll
Jabberwocky
Discussion Themes
In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”:
1. Linguistic aspects
Jabberwocky
Discussion Themes
In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”:
1. Linguistic aspects
2. Literary aspects
Jabberwocky
Discussion Themes
In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”:
1. Linguistic aspects
2. Literary aspects
3. Cognitive aspects
Jabberwocky
Jabberwocky
Figure: Illustrated by John Tenniel
Jabberwocky
Plot of Jabberwocky
1. Frame exposition
Jabberwocky
Plot of Jabberwocky
1. Frame exposition
2. Warning
Jabberwocky
Plot of Jabberwocky
1. Frame exposition
2. Warning
3. Hero goes on a quest
Jabberwocky
Plot of Jabberwocky
1. Frame exposition
2. Warning
3. Hero goes on a quest
4. Arrival of the foe
Jabberwocky
Plot of Jabberwocky
1. Frame exposition
2. Warning
3. Hero goes on a quest
4. Arrival of the foe
5. Battle and victory
Jabberwocky
Plot of Jabberwocky
1. Frame exposition
2. Warning
3. Hero goes on a quest
4. Arrival of the foe
5. Battle and victory
6. Hero’s welcome
Jabberwocky
Lewis Carroll
Figure: 1832 to 1898
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name:
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
I
Profession:
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
I
Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in
the mid 1800’s.
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
I
Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in
the mid 1800’s.
I
Wrote many books on math and logic
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
I
Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in
the mid 1800’s.
I
Wrote many books on math and logic
I
Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young
children
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
I
Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in
the mid 1800’s.
I
Wrote many books on math and logic
I
Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young
children
I
Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games,
riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)
Jabberwocky
Short Background on Lewis Carroll
I
Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
I
Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the
Looking Glass
I
Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in
the mid 1800’s.
I
Wrote many books on math and logic
I
Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young
children
I
Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games,
riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)
I
Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how
language is used and constructed through stories and
nonsense poems
Jabberwocky
Sense vs. Nonsense
I
One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause
and effect
Jabberwocky
Sense vs. Nonsense
I
One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause
and effect
I
I was very hungry last night ...
Jabberwocky
Sense vs. Nonsense
I
One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause
and effect
I
I was very hungry last night ...
I
A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical
Jabberwocky
Sense vs. Nonsense
I
One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause
and effect
I
I was very hungry last night ...
I
A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical
I
Square root of Tuesday
Jabberwocky
Poetic/Figurative Language
I
We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so
Jabberwocky
Poetic/Figurative Language
I
We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so
I
If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my
heart
Jabberwocky
Poetic/Figurative Language
I
We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so
I
If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my
heart
I
Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart
attack?
Jabberwocky
Poetic/Figurative Language
I
We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so
I
If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my
heart
I
Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart
attack?
I
Her hair is shiny and yellow; Her smile makes the poet feel
emotional and warm
Jabberwocky
Creating Words
What are the strategies that Carroll uses?
Jabberwocky
Creating Words
What are the strategies that Carroll uses?
1. Word combinations
Jabberwocky
Creating Words
What are the strategies that Carroll uses?
1. Word combinations
2. Using a common word and changing it
Jabberwocky
Creating Words
What are the strategies that Carroll uses?
1. Word combinations
2. Using a common word and changing it
3. Riddles
Jabberwocky
Cognitive Aspects
1. fMRI study (Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000)
2. ERP study (Hahne and Jescheniak 2001)
Jabberwocky
Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000
Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory
comprehension of:
Jabberwocky
Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000
Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory
comprehension of:
1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function
words and pseudo content words)?
Jabberwocky
Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000
Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory
comprehension of:
1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function
words and pseudo content words)?
2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words
Jabberwocky
Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000
Are different regions of the brain activated during auditory
comprehension of:
1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function
words and pseudo content words)?
2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words
Auditory Language Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study
on the Processing of Syntactic and Lexical Information
Jabberwocky
Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI)
I
Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in
blood flow
Jabberwocky
Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI)
I
Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in
blood flow
I
Cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled
Jabberwocky
Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI)
I
Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in
blood flow
I
Cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled
I
Primary form of fMRI uses the Blood-oxygen-level dependent
(BOLD) contrast (Seiji Ogawa)
Jabberwocky
BOLD fMRI
Figure: Courtesy: Hannah Devlin
Jabberwocky
I
Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red
blood cells
Jabberwocky
I
Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red
blood cells
I
Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen
demand (thus increased blood flow)
Jabberwocky
I
Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red
blood cells
I
Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen
demand (thus increased blood flow)
I
Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic
when deoxygenated
Jabberwocky
I
Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red
blood cells
I
Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen
demand (thus increased blood flow)
I
Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic
when deoxygenated
I
Leads to small differences in the MR signal of blood
depending on the degree of oxygenation
Jabberwocky
Stimuli
Jabberwocky
fMRI Activation Patterns
Figure: Activation in left hemisphere (activation of the deep left frontal
operculum in Jabberwocky speech encircled); (A) Normal speech; (B)
Jabberwocky speech
Jabberwocky
Stimuli-wise Activation in Temporal and Frontal Lobes
Figure: Top and botton left: TemporalJabberwocky
lobe; Top and bottom right:
Conclusion
Additional computational resources of left inferior frontal cortex
are recruited to process Jabberwocky speech
Jabberwocky