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Benito Mussolini
By:Venisha Harmon
General Information
Full Name: Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini
Occupation:Dictator
Birthday:July 29,1883
Death:April 8,1945
Nickname:”ll Duce”(“the Leader”)(“Iron Perfect”
Early Life
Benito Mussolini was born in 1883 in Dovia di Predappio, Forli, Italy.His father was
Alessandro and his mother was Rosa. His father worked as a blacksmith and his
mother was a school teacher. Benito Mussolini had a younger brother and a
younger sister. Although both of his families had income coming in , they were still
poor like many others in Italy during this time period.
Fathers Point of View
Mussolini grew up close to his father which was a socialist and a republican. His
father believed that there should be a fair distribution of wealth among Italy and
that the monarchy should be non existent. Many Italians shared these views with
Mussolini’s and naturally so did Mussolini.
Childhood
Along with Mussolini spending a lot of time around his dad, he did not take well to
school. Throughout his school years he was always involved in altercations with his
teachers. One of his major problems was his disdain against the Catholic’s. He
formed a negative opinion at such a young age that when he attended his first
school that Catholic monks ran there was immediately tension.
After moving to a different school he then began to progress and went on to
become a qualified teacher although he wasn't interested in teaching.
Education/ Early Adulthood
In addition to becoming a teacher, Mussolini developed a passion for politics. In
June 1902, Mussolini took a trip to Switzerland for a new beginning. while there he
joined some Italian socialist who worked in Switzerland, and got employed as a
bricklayer which lead him to join a trade union. He was later expelled from
Switzerland in 1903 and ventured out to France.
Troublemaker Tactics
After being in France for short period of time Mussolini returned back to Italy. While
in the Northern part of Italy where the Austrians ruled , he encouraged trade unions
and attacked the Catholic Church. He was then expelled from trentino in 1909. He
then went south to the Po Valley, where he helped the farmers in their efforts to
obtain better wages.This act then lead him to become the Secretary of the local
socialist party in Forlu and the editor of a newspaper called , “The Class Struggle.”
World War 1 Impact
At first glance Mussolini did not agree with the reasons that world war 1 were being
fought for. In his eyes he saw it as the poor fighting one another to just only make
the rich people more richer. However, his view changed and he saw the war as a
“great drama” not to be missed. In 1915, Mussolini had been called up for military
service. He joined the army and rose up to becoming the corporal. He ended up
getting wounded in 1917 which put an end to his military service. After the war,
Mussolini became very influenced by Gabriele D’Annunzio, which shaped his next
action to come politcally.
Rise to Power
Originally a Socialist, Mussolini switched over to being an advocate fascist.He
became the prime minister in 1922. His military expenditures in Libya , somalia,
Ethiopia and Albania made Italy a predominant spot in the mediterranean region.
Mussolini allied himself with Adolf Hitler. His military began to diminish during the
late 1930’s experiencing, national poverty,resource deficiencies, and scientific
industrial weakness. This army severely lacked technologically throughout the
years after 1935.
Allies
In the month of May 1939, Mussolini became allies with Adolf Hitler. He had already
coordinated policies to inhibit German initiatives until Italy's forces recovered from
their recent hardships. He’d planned to go to war 1943-1945,however Hitler started
World War ll in September 1939 only giving him one weeks notice to prepare for
war.
Entrance into World War ll
Hitler’s May 1940 successes persuaded Mussolini to intervene in a presumably
short war. However, Italy's cautious generals wasted brief opportunities in the
Mediterranean and North Africa during June and October 1940. After Mussolini
forced offensives in the fall, he suffered disasters in Greece and North Africa. The
German intervention in early 1941 preserved him from a military coup.
The Overthrow
Mussolini encouraged Hitler to make peace with Joseph Stalin to help defeat the
British-American forces. When hitler refused to make peace and invaded Sicilian
the King high command were forced to overthrow Mussolini in July 1943. Hitler
rescued Mussolini and appointed him as a puppet dictator of northern Italy in
September. Mussolini was able to facilitate significant war production for the
Germans and the creations of large ruthless fascist counterinsurgency forces. In
April 1945 German surrender in Italy forced Mussolini to flee. Insurgents captured
and shot him.
Miscellaneous Facts
Mussolini did not become a true dictator until 1925.
He admitted to knifing a girlfriend in the arm as a child.
He pinched people at church to make them cry, and led gangs of boys on aids of
local farmsteads.
Benito’s first name was inspired by Benito Juarez which was a mexican polical
leader.
Bibliography
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/benito-mussolini
http://www.biography.com/people/benito-mussolini-9419443
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Benito_Mussolini
http://www.notablebiographies.com/Mo-Ni/Mussolini-Benito.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=benito+mussolini+images&biw=1242&bih=583&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=0
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http://factslegend.org/20-facts-benito-mussolini/