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Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................... 3 Organizing Committee ...................................................................................................... 5 Scientific Committee ........................................................................................................ 6 Sponsors ........................................................................................................................ 7 Program ......................................................................................................................... 8 Abstracts ...................................................................................................................... 21 ORAL PRESENTATIONS ................................................................................................... 21 Monday, 13 October 2014 HALL –A Opening Ceremony .................................................................................. 23 HALL – B [Ses02] - Quaternary Geology in the Eastern Mediterranean ........................ 25 HALL – C [Ses10]-Cenozoic Magmatism, Mantle History and Tectonism in the Anatolia-Aegean Microplates ......................................................................... 30 HALL – D [Ses01] - Geotectonic Development of Anatolia and Adjacent Region ............ 35 Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – B [Ses02]- Quaternary Geology in the Eastern Meditarrenean ......................... 38 HALL – B [Ses08]- Levantine palaeoenvironments, palaeoclimates and ancient human populations – Pleistocene-Holocene ................................................... 40 Tuesday, 14 October 2014 ......................................................................................... HALL – C [Ses03]- Tectonic geomorphology: coupling between crustal deformation and landscape evolution ...................................................................... 43 HALL – C [ThS01]- Sedimentology and Stratigraphy ................................................. 46 HALL – C [Ths04]-Environmental Geology ................................................................ 50 HALL – D [Ses05] - Mantle to surface dynamics in Anatolia ........................................ 53 HALL – D [Ses05] - Mantle to surface dynamics in Anatolia ........................................ 60 Wednesday, 15 October 2014 ............................................................................................. HALL – B [SeS09] - Eastern Mediterranean Marine and Lake Paleoclimate Records........ 66 HALL – B [ThS14] - Geophysics .............................................................................. 71 HALL – C [SeS12] - The role of paleo-archeo-seismology in the constraint of crustal deformation ................................................................... 75 HALL – D [ThS01] - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy ................................................ 79 HALL – D [Ths07]-Engineering Geology ................................................................... 83 HALL – D [Ths08]-Opholite .................................................................................... 84 Thursday, 16 October 2014 ................................................................................................ HALL – B [Ths06]-Paleontology .............................................................................. 86 HALL – C [Ths10]-Magmatic and Metamorphic Petrology............................................ 94 HALL – C [ThS20] - Active Tectonics ....................................................................... 96 HALL – C [Ths26]-Hydrogeology ............................................................................. 98 HALL – D [Ths11]-Mineral Resources, Ore Deposits, Metallogeny .............................. 100 HALL – D [Ses11]-Geodynamics and Ore Deposit Evolution in Tethyan belt ................ 104 Friday, 17 October 2014 ..................................................................................................... HALL – B [Ses14] - Muğla – ÖzlüceTurolian Park Project .......................................... 111 HALL – B [ThS22] - Tectonics ............................................................................... 113 HALL – C [ThS25] - Geothermal ........................................................................... 114 HALL – D [Ths12]-Geochemistry and Petrology....................................................... 117 POSTER PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................. 119 Authors Index ............................................................................................................. 178 Keyword Index ............................................................................................................ 184 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 2 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Preface Dear Colleagues, We are pleased to welcome you in Muğla and have your contribution to the 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology (ISEMG). The home of earliest civilizations on Earth, the Eastern Mediterranean is among the most interesting regions in Earth Sciences. Earliest discoveries related to the Earth’s geology, such as the use of ore deposits or fossil fuels took place in the Eastern Mediterranean. Besides, intense seismic and volcanic activity or extreme climate changes played crucial roles in shaping the civilizations and developments in this region. The complex geology of the Eastern Mediterranean is still an appealing subject for many earth scientists. Since decades, onland and offshore researches revealed extensive amount of information on the geologic, tectonic, seismic and climatic history of the region. Besides, discoveries of natural resources raised interest for new research and investments in the Eastern Mediterranean. The 8th ISEMG received about 240 abstracts from 27 countries with a very wide range of topics, indicating that Eastern Mediterranean is still a remarkable region for Earth scientist. We are hoping that the 8thISEMG will provide a platform for all participating experts in geology, geophysics, mining and other geosciences to share and discuss their recent work and establish new international networks among several disciplines of Geosciences. Several local enterprises have also shown interest to ISEMG and valued the efforts of the Earth science community. Without the support of our sponsors (listed on the sponsor page) we would not have been able to accomplish this symposium. We are much obliged for their financial support. The Department of Geological Engineering of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University is honoured to host the 8th ISEMG. We hope you will appreciate the meeting and will enjoy your stay in Muğla. Kind regards, 8th ISEMG Organizing Committee 3 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 4 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Organizing Committee Honorary President Prof. Dr. Mansur HARMANDAR (Rector of Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University) President Prof. Dr. Fikret KAÇAROĞLU (Head of the Geological Engineering Dept.) Secretary Prof. Dr. Murat GÜL (MSKU) Assistant Secretaries Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat Ersen AKSOY (MSKU) Asst. Prof. Dr. Sena AKÇER (MSKU) Asst. Prof. Dr. Özgür AVŞAR (MSKU) Res. Asst. Ali ALUÇ (MSKU) Treasurer Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat Ersen AKSOY (MSKU) Social Affairs Asst. Prof. Dr. Sena AKÇER (MSKU) Members Prof. Dr. Ergun KARACAN (MSKU) Prof. Dr. İlkay KUŞCU (MSKU) Prof. Dr. Alastair H.F. ROBERTSON (The University of Edinburgh) Prof. Dr. Ulvi Can ÜNLÜGENÇ (CU) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cihat ALÇİÇEK (PAU) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gonca KUŞCU (MSKU) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Domenico LIOTTA (The University of Bari) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Semih GÜRSU (MSKU) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet ÖZBEK (KSU) Asst. Prof. Dr. Bedri KURTULUŞ (MSKU) Res. Spec. Özlem YILMAZ (MSKU) Res. Asst. Taner KORKMAZ (MSKU) Res. Asst. Bora ÖN (MSKU) Res. Asst. Erde BİLİR (MSKU) Res. Asst. Esra ÇETİN (ITU & IPGS) Res. Asst. Mehmet ÇAM (MSKU) Res. Asst. Göksu USLULAR (MSKU) Res. Asst. Orkun TÜRE (MSKU) Res. Asst. TümayKadakçı KOCA (DEU) 5 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Scientific Committee Assoc. Prof. Dr. Naki AKÇAR – University of Bern Prof. Dr. Serdar AKYÜZ – Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cihat ALÇİÇEK – Pamukkale University Prof. Dr. Ercan ALDANMAZ – Kocaeli University Prof. Dr. Serdar BAYARI – Hacettepe University Prof. Dr. Erdin BOZKURT – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Namık ÇAĞATAY – Istanbul Technical University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ziyadin ÇAKIR- Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Mehmet EKMEKÇİ – Hacettepe University Prof. Dr. Semih ERGİNTAV – Boğaziçi University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nicolas FLIPO – Mines Paris Tech Prof. Dr. M. Cemal GÖNCÜOĞLU – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Naci GÖRÜR – Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Nilgün GÜLEÇ – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Kemal GÜRBÜZ – Çukurova University Prof. Dr. Cahit HELVACI – DokuzEylül University Prof. Dr. Selim İNAN – Mersin University Prof. Dr. Remzi KARAGÜZEL – Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Ali İhsan KARAYİĞİT – Hacettepe University Prof.Dr. Tanju KAYA- Ege University Prof. Dr. Nuretdin KAYMAKÇI – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. İlkay KUŞCU – Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Prof. Dr. David LENTZ – University of New Brunswick Prof. Dr. Jürg LUTERBACHER – Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Prof. Dr. Peter MARCHEV – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Prof. Dr. Mustapha MEGHRAOUI – Strasbourg University Prof. Dr. Robert MORITZ – University of Geneva Prof. Dr. Mohammed Rashad Hassan MOUFTI – King Abdulaziz University Dr. Karoly NEMETH – Massey University Prof. Dr. Roland OBERHANSLI – University of Potsdam Prof. Dr. Sefer ÖRÇEN – Yüzüncü Yıl University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tolga OYMAN – Dokuz Eylül University Prof. Dr. Sacit ÖZER – Dokuz Eylül University Prof. Dr. Osman PARLAK – Çukurova University Prof. Dr. Mahmut PARLAKTUNA – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Sypros PAVLIDIS – Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Prof. Dr. Georgia PE-PIPER – St. Mary’s University Prof. Dr. Moumtaz RAZACK – Poitiers University Prof. Dr. Klaus REICHERTER RWTH – Aachen University Prof. Dr. Neil ROBERTS – Plymouth University Prof. Dr. Alastair H.F. ROBERTSON – The University of Edinburgh Prof. Dr. Mehmet SAKINÇ – Istanbul Technical University Dr. Ioan SEGHEDI – Romanian Academy Prof. Dr. Şevket ŞEN – National Museum of Natural History Prof. Dr. A.M. Celal ŞENGÖR – Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Şakir ŞİMŞEK – Hacettepe University Prof. Dr. Stathis STIROS – Patras University Prof. Dr. Lutfi SÜZEN – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Gültekin TARCAN – Dokuz Eylül University Prof. Dr. Tamer TOPAL – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Asuman GÜNAL TÜRKMENOĞLU – Middle East Technical University Prof. Dr. Reşat ULUSAY – Hacettepe University Prof. Dr. Ulvi Can ÜNLÜGENÇ – Çukurova University Prof. Dr. Mahir VARDAR – Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Donna L. WHITNEY – University of Minnesota Prof. Dr. Hasan YAZICIGİL – Middle East Technical University Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail Ömer YILMAZ – Middle East Technical University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ozcan YİĞİT – Çanakkale 18 Mart University 6 sponsors PROGRAM DETAILS Monday, 13 October 2014 HALL - A Time 08:30 - 17:00 09:30 - 10:00 10:00 - 10:45 11:00 - 11:45 ON-SITE REGISTRATION (All Days) OPENING SPEECHES Keynote Speaker Keynote Speaker A. M. Celal Şengör - The Eastern Mediterranean: A Laboratory for Continental Collision Studies Iain S. Stewart - Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Communicating Geology to Society HALL - B [Ses02] - Quaternary Geology in the Eastern Mediterranean Time 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 14:40 - 15:00 16:00 - 16:20 16:20 - 16:40 Chair Akçar, N. Akçer, S. 16:40 - 17:00 Authors Claude, A. et al. Schlüchter, C. et al. Sarıkaya, M.A. & Çiner, A. Tikhomirov, D. et al. Amiri, N.M. et al. Panagiotis, F. & Anastasakis, G. Title The onset of glaciations in the Alps Quaternary glaciations in Anatolia - potential correlations and implications Chronology of Late Quaternary Glaciers and inferred paleoclimate on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey COFFEE BREAK Holocene earthquake activity in the Gediz Graben, western Turkey: Insights from cosmogenic 36Cl dating The Holocene seismic activity and slip rates of the Priene-Sazli fault, Western Anatolia Seafloor mapping of the volcanic field offshore NW Methana peninsula, Saronikos Gulf, Greece HALL - C [Ses10] - Cenozoic Magmatism, Mantle History and Tectonism in the Anatolia-Aegean Microplates Time 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 14:40 - 15:00 Authors Giuseppe, D.P. et al. Agostini S. Marchev, P. et al. & Kuşcu G. Markakis, E. et al. 15:40 - 16:00 Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu G. et al. Agostini S. & Kuşcu G. Savaşçın, M.Y. et al. 16:00 - 16:20 Chair Title Eastern Anatolia Neogene Volcanic Activity and Its Bearing on Tectonic Reconstructions Coeval Felsic Igneous Magmatism of Mesta Volcanic Complex and Central Pirin Batholith, NW Bulgaria Tracing Volcaniclastic Upper Quaternary Input on the Seafloor of West Kos Basin COFFEE BREAK New findings of the distal Nisyros tephra on Datça peninsula (Turkey) Western Anatolia Versus Eastern Anatolia Magmatic - Tectonic and Geodynamic Comparing and their Geothermal Results HALL - D [Ses01] - Geotectonic Development of anatolia and Adjacent Region Time Chair Authors 14:00 - 14:20 Çimen, O. et al. Bozkurt, E. & Ünlügenç, 14:20 - 14:40 Robertson, A.H.F. et al. U.C. 14:40 - 15:00 Çakır, Ü. 15:40 - 16:00 16:00 - 16:20 Robertson, Robertson, A.H.F. et al. A.H.F. Akıncı, A. C. et al. Title The New Findings on the Mid-Late Paleozoic Volcanism in the Eastern Taurides: Implications for the Geodynamic Evolution of the Anatolide-Tauride Terrane New Evidence of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Continental Break-Up and Jurassic-Cretaceous Passive Margin Development of the Southern Neotethys in SE Turkey Anatolian Ophiolites and Marginal Formations: Indicator of Tethyan Evolution of Turkey COFFEE BREAK How to Accommodate Time Field-Based Evidence for Five Or More Mesozoic Subduction Zones in Anatolia Within A ~1500 Km-Wide Eurasia-Arabia Gap? Sedimentary Evidence for the Cenozoic Development of the SE Anatolian Thrust Belt 8 PROGRAM DETAILS Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL - B [Ses02] - Quaternary Geology in the Eastern Mediterranean Time 09:40 - 10:00 10:00 - 10:20 Chair Doğan, U. Authors Küçükuysal, C. & Yavuz. N. Title Multi-proxy climate records of the very late Pleistocene-the Holocene from Central Anatolia, Turkey The First Findings of the Sarıkavak Calcareous Tufa Deposits as Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoclimatic Indicators (Denizli-SW Turkey) LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS Toker, E. [Ses08] - Levantine palaeoenvironments, palaeoclimates and ancient human populations – Pleistocene-Holocene Time Chair Authors 14:00 - 14:20 Rambeau, C. et al. 14:20 - 14:40 14:40 - 15:00 Rambeau, Cheddadi, R. et al. C. Rollefson, G. et al. 15:00 - 15:20 Title What Has Changed Under the Sun? Environmental Reconstruction in Arid Southern Levant (Jordan) for the Past Ca. 40,000 Years Holocene climate changes in Lebanon and their potential impacts on Man Green Hues in the Black Desert: Implied Mid-Holocene Grasslands in Eastern Jordan The Bronze Age Paleoenvironments in the Northern Mesopotamia and the Southern Levant: Comparative Modeling and Human Impacts COFFEE BREAK HALL - C Arıkan, B. [Ses03] - Tectonic geomorphology: coupling between crustal deformation and landscape evolution Time Chair 10:40 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:20 11:20 - 11:40 Authors Title Boulton, S. J. & Stewart, I. S. Holocene Coastal Notches in the Mediterranean Region: Indicators of Palaeoseismic Clustering? Boulton, S. J. 11:40 - 12:00 The Relationship Between River Channel Morphology and Active Tectonics in the Gediz Graben, Western Turkey. Constrains on the Long-Term Slip Rate of the Ecemiş Fault Zone, Turkey By Cosmogenic 36Cl Dating of offset Alluvial Fans Kent, E. et al. Sarıkaya, M.A. et al. Aksoy, M.E. et al. Geomorphology Along Major Continental Faults: Slip Rate Constraint from Climatic Fluctuations LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [ThS01] - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Time Chair Authors 14:00 - 14:20 Anna, K. et al. 14:20 - 14:40 Zeynalov, G. & Askerova, R. 14:40 - 15:00 Kadir, S. Kadir, S. et al. Title The Discovery of Holocene Tephra Producing Events in the Marine Realm Surrounding the Volcanic Centers of the Southeast Agean Sea Structural-geologic modelling and oil and gas bearing of the Lower Kura Basin, Azerbaijan Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of Mudstones Within the Upper Miocene Mustafapaşa Member of the Ürgüp Formation in the Cappadocia Region, Central Anatolia, Turkey 15:00 - 15:20 Kaplan, M.Y. et al. Palygorskite Formation Within Quaternary Calcretes (Adana, Southern Turkey) 15:20 - 15:40 Hassan, F. K. & Khalil, M.T. Impact of Overland Flow on the Soil Movement By Water Erosion at Northern Iraq COFFEE BREAK 9 PROGRAM DETAILS [Ths04] - Environmental Geology 16:00 - 16:20 Yücel, D. Ş. & Baba, A. 16:20 - 16:40 Kaçaroğlu, Yücel, M.A. et al. F. Erkoyun, H. & Kadir, S. 16:40 - 17:00 Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Acidic Water Sources Around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey Monitoring of Acid Mine Lakes By Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Geographic Information System (GIS) Around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey Occurrence of Asbest and Relationship With Development of Potential Mesothelioma Cases in Eskişehir, Western Turkey HALL - D [Ses05] - Mantle to surface dynamics in Anatolia Time Chair Authors 09:00 - 09:20 Robertson, A.H.F. et al. Whitney, D. 09:20 - 09:40 Kaymakçı, N. et al. L. & 09:40 - 10:00 Lefebvre, C. Oruç, B. & Sönmez, T. 10:00 - 10:20 Meijers, M.J.M. et al. 10:40 - 11:00 Whitney, D. L. et al. Whitney, D. 11:00 - 11:20 L. & Abgarmi, B. et al. 11:20 - 11:40 Lefebvre, C. Özacar, A.A. et al. 11:40 - 12:00 Kahraman, M. et al. Title Late Cretaceous-Miocene Sedimentary-Tectonic Development of the Arabian Continental Margin in SE Turkey (Adıyaman Region): Implications for the Construction of Anatolia Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone: A Myth? Integrated Lithospheric Modeling Combining Gravity and Thermal Data in the Eastern Mediterranean, Southern Turkey Reconstructing the Paleotopography and Paleoenvironment of the Anatolian Plateau: An Integrated Approach COFFEE BREAK Overview of the CD-CAT Project: Cenozoic Surface to Mantle Dynamics of Central Anatolia During the Transition from Subduction to Collision to Escape Structure of the Crust Beneath Central Anatolia: Preliminary Analysis of Teleseismic Receiver Functions CAT Seismic Network: Preliminary Results & Implications on Central Anatolian Tectonics Receiver Function Analysis of Crustal Structure Beneath Western Anatolia LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [Ses05] - Mantle to surface dynamics in Anatolia Time Chair Authors 14:00 - 14:20 Whitney, D. Özkaptan, M. et al. 14:20 - 14:40 L. & Gülyüz, E. et al. 14:40 - 15:00 Lefebvre, C. Brocard, G. et al. 16:00 - 16:20 Lefebvre, C. et al. Whitney, D. Uslular, G. et al. L. & 16:40 - 17:00 Lefebvre, C. Katzir, Y. et al. 16:20 - 16:40 17:00 - 17:20 Golan, T. et al. Title Large Block Rotations Around the Intersection of the Izmir-Ankara and Intra-Tauride Suture Zones in Turkey Thermo-Chronometric Characteristics and Evolution of the Haymana Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey) Evolution of River Drainage and River Incision During the Uplift of the Central Anatolian Plateau COFFEE BREAK Structural and Geochronological Evidences for Reburial of the Niğde Massif in Context of Arabia-Eurasia Collision Petrography and Geochemistry of Scoria Cones within Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field (EMF), Central Anatolia (Turkey) Garnet Pyroxenite Xenoliths As Recorders of Recurring Magmatism at the Margins of the Levant Basin The Timing of Rifting-Related Magmatism in the Levant Margins: U-Pb Dating of Zircons from Deep Boreholes in the Coastal Plain of Israel 10 PROGRAM DETAILS Wednesday, 15 October 2014 HALL - B [SeS09] - Eastern Mediterranean Marine and Lake Paleoclimate Records Time Chair Authors 09:00 - 09:20 09:20 - 09:40 09:40 - 10:00 Erel, T.L. et al. Roberts, N. 10:20 -10:40 Çağatay, M.N. et al. Eriş, K.K. et al. Roberts, N. et al. Çağatay, N. 10:40 - 11:00 Erkan, G. & Bayarı, C.S. Title The Impact of the Changing Coastline on the Harbors in Bodrum and Datça Peninsulas, and the Examples of Bodrum (Halıkarnassos), Aspat (Strobilos), Datça (Stadia), Tekirburnu (Knidos) 70 ka Old Paleoclimatic, Paleoceanographic and Tephra Records from the Sea of Marmara Late Pleistocene-Holocene Paleo-Climate and Sedimentation Record of Lake Hazar, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey COFFEE BREAK “A Tale of Two Maars”: Comparing Lake Sediment Records of Climate Change for the Last 14 ka Bp from Cappadocia, Turkey Evaluation of Paleoclimate Conditions Based on Temporal Stable Isotope Analyses of Stalagmite: Yelini Cave (Günyüzü, Eskişehir-Turkey) LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [ThS14] - Geophysics, Remote Sensing & Geodesy Time 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 Chair Authors Akgün, M. et al. Tunçel, A. 14:40 - 15:00 15:00 - 15:20 İpek, Y. et al. Pamuk, E. et al. Nasr, A. et al. Title Relationship between Peak Period and Vs Values:Case Study of İzmir New City Center Estimation of Earthquake Damage By Using Nakamura's Vulnerability Index: the Case Study at the Southern Part of İzmir Multi-Approach Geophysical Investigations for Obtaining More Reliable and Accurate Soil Transfer Function Sub-Surface Based Fusion Experiments Using Etm-8 and Ers-1 Data for Geological Exploration COFFEE BREAK [Ths28] - Geological Heritage, Geoarcheology, Gemstone Time 16:00 - 16:20 16:20 - 16:40 Chair Rovella, N. 16:40 - 17:00 Authors Hassan, Z.M. Crisci, G.M. et al. Çoban, E. et al. Title Starting the Geological Heritage Culture in Iraq Cappadocian "Fairy Chimneys" and Rupestrian Churches: A Geological Heritage to Preserve Mineralogical and Gemmological Investigations on Ancient Gemstones in the Caria Region (Muğla) and their Relations With Rocks and Minerals Outcropping in the Region HALL - C [SeS12] - The role of paleo-archeo-seismology in the constraint of crustal deformation Time 09:00 - 09:20 09:20 - 09:40 09:40 - 10:00 Chair Authors Yalamaz, B. et al. Meghraoui, M. Hinzen, K.G. et al. Meghraoui M. Title Earthquake Sedimentary Records in the Lake Sapanca (NW Anatolia) and their Relations With Earthquake Parameters Constraints on Earthquake Slip Velocity Using An Archaeoseismic Model of the ateret Fortress on the Dead Sea Transform Fault Slip Deficit Along the Dead Sea Fault: Do Active Faulting and Past Earthquakes Determine the Seismic Gaps? COFFEE BREAK 11 PROGRAM DETAILS 10:40 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:20 11:20 - 11:40 de Boer, J.Z. et al. Meghraoui, Reicherter, K. et al. M. Uçarkuş, G. et al. The Myth of the Battle Between Poseidon and Polybotes: Geological and Archeological Evidence for A Major Seismic Event Around 500 Bce: Kos, Greece Mediterranean Active Normal Faults: New Insights and Concepts Segmentation and transtensional deformation along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara: Implications for Strain Partitioning LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS HALL - D [ThS01] - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Time Chair 09:20 - 09:40 09:40 - 10:00 Authors Parizan, N. et al. Gürel, A.Solak, C. et al. Gül, M. 10:00 - 10:20 Korkmaz, T. et al. 10:40 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:20 11:20 - 11:40 Capuano, N. Amel, C. et al. Simakova, A. et al. Gül, M. 11:40 - 12:00 Gürel, A. Title Cementation in Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Shoreface Sediments of the Oligo-Miocene: Study of Asmari Formation, from Gale Bar Pass (Semirom), East Zagros Basin, Iran. Facies Analysis and Depositional Environments of the Cretaceous Limestones in the Spil Mountain (Manisa, W Turkey) Stratigraphy and Microfacies Analysis of Maastrichtian Sequences in Hekimhan and Yeşilyurt Areas (Malatya Basin-Eastern Turkey) COFFEE BREAK Pleistocene Braid-Delta Depositional System in Peri-Adriatic Basin, Italy Mapping of Late Pleistocene Coastal Eolianites in Tunisia Stratigraphy, Archaeology and Tectonics of the Early Pleistocene in NW Armenia Dolocretes and Associated Palygorskite Occurrences in Siliciclastic Red Sediments of the Kömişini Formation (Late Miocene/Pliocene), Northwestern Part of the Tuzgölü Basin in Central Anatolia, Turkey LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [Ths07] - Engineering Geology Time 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 14:40 - 15:00 15:00 - 15:20 Chair Authors Kadakçı-Koca, T. et al. Abood, M.R, et al. Karacan, E. Al-Subai, K.A. & Al-Qadhi, A.A. Al-Obaydi, M. et al. Title Geomechanical Properties of Marl and Sandstone in Çağlayan Dam Reservoir Area Under Dynamic Conditions Geotechnical Evaluation for Selected Outcrops of Pilaspi Formation in Darbandikhan Area /North Iraq Engineering Geology of Taiz City, Yemen Republic Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Flow Around Underground Structures COFFEE BREAK [Ths08] - Ophiolite Time 16:00 - 16:20 16:20 - 16:40 16:40 - 17:00 Chair Authors Title Tsikouras, B. et al. Evolution of Mafic Rocks in the Ophiolite Mélange of the Iti Ophiolite (Central Greece) Tsikouras, İfandi, E. et al. Petrogenetic Implications on the Ophiolitic Vavdos Peridotites (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Greece) B. Hajialioghli, R. & Moazzen, M. Supra-Subduction and Abyssal Mantle Peridotites of the Piranshahr Ophiolite (Zagros Belt, NW Iran) 12 PROGRAM DETAILS Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL - B [Ths06] - Paleontology Time Chair 09:20 - 09:40 Authors Sarı, B. et al. Sarı, B. 09:40 - 10:00 İbilioğlu, D. 10:40 - 11:00 Parlar, Ş. 11:00 - 11:20 Merceron, Gürel, A. & Yıldız, A. G. 11:20 - 11:40 Demircan, H. & Avcıoğlu, M. Title Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Balçıkhisar Succession (Şuhut-Afyon, Western Anatolia) Biostratigraphic and Stable Isotopic Characteristics of the Early Miocene Foraminifera in the N-NW Part of the Malatya Basin, Eastern Anatolia COFFEE BREAK The Grain Size Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Sea-Floor Sediments Including Foraminifera in Gulf of Güllük and Gökova Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Pliocene Diatomate-Bearing Lacustrine Deposits in the KaracaörenÜrgüp Area (Nevşehir, Turkey) Trace Fossils on the Shelly Terrace Units. An Example from Along the Southwestern of Lapseki Palaeoshoreline, Çanakkale, Turkey LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [Ths06] - Paleontology Time Chair 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 14:40 - 15:00 Authors Erdal, O. et al. Mayda, S. 15:20 - 15:40 Alpagut, B. & Kanık, D. Demirel, A.F. & Mayda, S. Erdal, O. et al. Mayda, S. 15:40 - 16:00 Aytek, A.İ. & HarvatiPapatheodorou, K. Title New Material of Palaeoamasia (Embrithopoda, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Turkey: the First Cladistic Analyze at Species Level and Its Implication on Paleobiogeography What Was the Bio-Diversity 15 Mya Ago Surrounding Bursa Province at the Southern Marmara Region? An Early Pleistocene Fauna from Burdur Basin of SW Anatolia COFFEE BREAK For a Mammalian Biostratigraphy of Neogene and Quaternary Deposits in the North Anatolian Fault Zone Basins Reassessment of Kocabaş Calvaria from Turkey HALL - C [Ths10] - Magmatic and Metamorphic Petrology Time 09:20 - 09:40 09:40 - 10:00 Chair Küçükuysal C. Authors Gülmez, et al. Vasilopanagos, et al. Title Heterogeneous Mantle Source Dynamics of Late Cretaceous Ultrapotassic Rocks Related With the Subduction of Neo-Tethys Subcontinental Mantle Peridotites Exposed Amidst the External Hellenides, S. Peloponnesus, Greece, and their Geotectonic Significance COFFEE BREAK [ThS20] - Active Tectonics 10:40- 11:00 11:00- 11:20 11:20- 11:40 Trifonov, V.G. et al. Aksoy, M.E. Şentürk, S. & Çakır, Z. Moulouel, H. et al. Variations of Seismicity and Recent Geodynamics in Major Strike-Slip Zones Source Parameters of the Mw=6.1, February 21, 2007 Sivrice (SE Turkey) Earthquake Fault from Insar Geophysical Imaging of the the Thenia Active Fault Zone (North-Central Algeria) LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS 13 PROGRAM DETAILS [Ths26] - Hydrogeology Time 14:00-14:20 14:20-14:40 14:40-15:00 15:40-16:00 16:00-16:20 16:20-16:40 Chair Authors Dişli, E. Kaçaroğlu, F. Özgür, N. & Çalışkan, T.A. Arslan, Ş. et al. Avcı, P. et al. Kaçaroğlu, Al Hosni, T. et al. F. Hassan, K.F. & Salih, A.S. Title Quality of Water Sources for Drinking and Agricultural Use in the Upper Tigris River Basin, DiyarbakırBatman, Turkey Water Pollution Monitoring Between Manavgat and Fethiye, Turkey Assessment of the Pollutants in Soils and Surface Waters Around Gümüşköy Silver Mine (Kütahya, Turkey) COFFEE BREAK Land Use Change Effects on the Groundwater Budget in Demre Plain (Antalya, Turkey) The Potential of the Maradi Fault Zone, Northern Oman, to Act As A Barrier to Fluid Migration Within the Cenozoic Sequence Secular Trend Analysis of Water Erosion in Mosul Basin By Using Time Series Technique HALL - D [Ths11] - Mineral Resources, Ore Deposits, Metallogeny Time 09:20-09:40 09:40-10:00 Chair Mortiz, R. & Banks, D.A. Kuşcu, İ. Bozkaya, G. & Banks, D.A. 10:40-11:00 11:00-11:20 Authors Gagnidze, N. et al. Banks, D. Uğurcan, O.G. & Oyman, T. 11:20-11:40 Aluç, A. et al. Title Metal Transport By Brines and Hydrocarbons in Mvt Deposits. Fluid Pressure Change and Mineralization in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey COFFEE BREAK Felsitic Magmatism and Thorium - Bismuth Ore Mineralization in the Greater Caucasus Kakheti Segment, Georgia Mineralogy, Mineral Chemistry and Fluid Inclusion data From Kalkan and Karaağıl (Simav-Kütahya) Iron Skarns A New Low Sulfidation Epithermal Au – Ag Mineralization Within Biga Peninsula: Karadere (Burhaniye, Balikesir, Turkey) LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [Ses11] - Geodynamics and Ore Deposit Evolution in Tethyan belt Time Chair 14:00-14:40 14:40-15:00 Authors Moritz, R. Kuşcu, İ. Yiğit, Ö. 15:00-15:20 Sahakhla Abdullayeva 15:40-16:00 Delibaş, O. et al. 16:00-16:20 Yiğit, Ö. Rezeau, H. et al. Title Keynote: Diversity of metallogenic Settings along the Tethys belt: Lessons from Southeastern Europe and the Lesser Caucasus Heat Flow and Gold Mineralization in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt: Exploration Hot Spots in Turkey Metallogenically High-Productive Alpian Stage Against the Tethys Ocean Geodynamic Activity Within the Lesser Caucasus and Eastern Pontian COFFEE BREAK Timing of Magmatism Associated With Porphyry-Type Mineralizations in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey Timescales and Geochemistry of Tertiary Magmatism and Porphyry Cu-Mo Formation of the Composite MeghriOrdubad Pluton, Southern Armenia, Lesser Caucasus 16:20-16:40 Guseynov, G. et al. Mineralization of the Gedabek Gold-Copper Deposit, (Lesser Caucasus), Azerbaijan. 16:40-17:00 Bilir, M.E. et al. The Early-Middle Eocene Magmatism and Related Epithermal Systems of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey 14 PROGRAM DETAILS Friday, 17 October 2014 HALL - B [Ses14] - Muğla – Özlüce Turolian Park Project Time 09:20 - 09:40 09:40 - 10:00 Chair Authors Alpagut, B. Alpagut, B Kesici, S.D. 10:40 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:20 11:20 - 11:40 Güler, G. & Alpagut, B. Alpagut, B Erol, A.S. & Yavuz, A.Y Damla, N. & Usta, Y. Title Turolian Park Project of Muğla Province The Role of Education for the Historical Enviroment Conservation of Muğla Under the Turolian Park Project COFFEE BREAK Anatolian Miocene Paleoecological Indicators Through Rhinocerotidae Late Miocene Vertebrate Fossil Locality Paleofauna of Çorakyerler Giraffidae Fossil Remains of Miocene Epoch in the Western and South-Western of Turkey LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [ThS22] - Tectonics Time 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 14:40 - 15:00 Chair Authors Uzelli, T. et al., Sünnetçioğlu, M.A. & Temel, Aksoy, M.E. R.Ö. Khairy, S.Z. Title Neotectonic Characteristics of the Gülbahçe (İzmir) and Surrounding Area, Western Anatolia-Turkey Seismic Evidences of Messinian Salt Deposition and Its Structural Evolution, Fault Zone Architecture Within Miocene-Pliocene Rift Sediments, Northwestern Red Sea, Egypt COFFEE BREAK HALL - C Ths25 - Geothermal Time 10:40 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:20 11:20 - 11:40 Chair Baba A. 11:40 - 12:00 Authors Uzelli, T. et al. Alacalı, M. Karakılçık, H. & Karan, A. Avşar, Ö. Title Structural Controls on Gülbahçe Geothermal System and Its Hydrogeochemical Properties (Western Turkey) Hydrothermal Alteration Studies in Balçova Geothermal Field Investigation of A Shallow Geothermal Anomalies Using Multi Electrode Resistivity Method: A Case from Turkey Discovery of a subaqueous hot spring by a new method in Fethiye-Göcek Bay (SW Turkey) LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS HALL - D Ths12 - Geochemistry and Petrology Time 09:20 - 09:40 09:40 - 10:00 Chair Avşar Ö. 10:40 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:20 11:20 - 11:40 Authors Ahadnejad, V. Origin of tourmaline in Granitic Rocks of Boroujerd, Sanandaj-Sirjan, Iran Khalid, A.K. et al. Measuring the Extent of Chemical Weathering in Calcareous Soils of Northern Iraq El-Sayed, M.M. et al. Avşar Ö. Title Karadağ, M.M. et al. Küpeli, Ş. et al. COFFEE BREAK Petrological and geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Kurdeman gold mineralization, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt Geochemistry of the Katrangediği (Cenomanian) and Doğankuzu (Senonian-Maestrihtian) Formations of the Geyikdağı Unit, and Modern Terra-Rossa Occurrences, Central Taurides, Turkey C, O Isotope and Ree+Y Geochemistry of the Early-Middle Cambrian Çaltepe Formation in the Bağbaşı-Hadim (Konya) Area, Central Taurides, Southern Turkey 15 PROGRAM DETAILS LUNCH BREAK 13:00 - 14:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS [Ths11] - Mineral Resources, Ore Deposits, Metallogeny Time 14:00 - 14:20 14:20 - 14:40 Chair Yiğit Ö. 14:40 - 15:00 Authors Bagirbekova, O. et al. Roknifar M. & Mollai H. Cengiz O. 15:40 - 16:00 Uçurum, A. et al. Oyman T. 16:00 - 16:20 Okrostsvaridze, A. et al. Title The Isotopic Age of Uchtapa -Kyzylkaya Granitoids and Associated Mineralization (Lesser Caucasus) Geological and Mineralogical Characteristic of Bauxite Deposit in the Alborz Range , North West -North East of Iran, With Special Reference to the Tash Bauxite Deposit. Mineralogical Analysis of Barite and Sulfide Bearing Barite Mineralizations in SultandağLari Region, Central Taurus, South Turkey COFFEE BREAK Evaluation of Evaporitic Tertiary Sivas Basin With References to O, S, H and Sr Isotope Data of Celestine Deposits, Turkey A Modern Field Investigation of the Mythical "Gold Sands" of the Ancient Colchis Kingdom and the "Golden Fleece" Phenomena 16 POSTER PRESENTATIONS Time 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 Session ID Ses01 Ses10 Ses02 Ses03 Ths01 ThS04 Ses12 Ses09 Poster No Authors 1 Zlatkin, O. et al. 2 3 4 5 Göçmengil, G. et al. Piper, D. and Pe-Piper, G. et al. Tutberidze, B. and Akhalkatsishvili, M. Karakaş, Z. et al. 6 Babayeva, G. et al. 7 Akçar, N. et al. 8 Bayrakdar,C. et al. 9 Zabcı, C. et al. 10 11 12 13 14 Hughes, P. and Woodwar, J. Yeşilyurt, S. et al. Yeşilyurt, S. et al. Topal, S. Küçükuysal, C. 15 Tesson, J. et al. 16 Gao, M.X. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Uslular G. Varol, B. E. et al. Eroğlu, T. et al. Mahmoudi, O. and ben Haj Ali, N. Darbaş, G. and Gül, M. Ataselim, Z. and Kazancı, N. Yalamaz, B. et al. 24 Bulkan, Ö. et al. 25 Gül, M. and Gürbüz, K. 26 Gül, M. and Uslular, G. 27 Vural, A. and Akaryalı, E. 28 29 30 31 Kafadar, İ. Reicherter, K. et al. Schneiderwind, S. et al. Ön, Z. B. et al. 32 Makaroğlu Ö 33 Akçer-Ön, S. et al. 34 Eroğlu, C. et al. 35 Avşar, U. et al. Title The Proto-Pelagonian Basement of Greece As An Exotic, Peri-Amazonian Terrane in the Eastern Mediterranean: Evidence from U-Pb-Hf Isotope Geochemistry in Zircon Geological and Geochemical Features of Volcanic Rocks from Yıldızeli Region (Sivas, NE Turkey) The Kos Plateau Tuff in Eastern Kos and Its Significance for the Character of the Eruption Volcano-Glacier Interaction By the Example of the Javakheti Plateau (Georgia) Mineralogical Properties of Volcanic Units in the Kizilirmak Formation Around Kozakli (Nevşehir)-Felahiye (Kayseri), Turkey Petrological-mineralogical factors of evolutional transformation of primary meltings of Cretaceous teschenite-tephrite, syenite-trachyte, essexite-trachybasaltic complexes of Carpathian, Caucasian and North TransBaikal region Investigation of the Quaternary Geological Context of the February 2011 Massive Failures at the Çöllolar Coalfield, Eastern Turkey Geomorphological and Chronological Evolution of the Akdağ Rockslide (SW Turkey) Understanding the Intra-Plate Deformation of the Anatolia: Insights from Preliminary Slip-Rates of the Malatya-Ovacık Fault, Eastern Turkey, During the Last 16 Ka Glaciations in the Western Balkans: Pleistocene to Present-Day Quaternary Glaciations of Kavuşşahap Mountains, Eastern Anatolia Late Pleistocene Glaciations at the Munzur Mountains, Turkey Tectonic Geomorphology of the Honaz Fault, SW Turkey Ground water calcretes from a paleosol section in Ankara, Central Anatolia Seismic Slip History of Normal Faults in Central Apennines (Italy) Using in Situ 36cl Cosmogenic Exposure Dating and Rare Earth Elements Concentrations. Plio-Quaternary Tectonism does Not Support the Hypothesis on Colliding Mountain Building in the Eastern Mediterranean and Surrounding Areas Power-law for the size-distribution of scoria cones within the Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field (central Anatolia, Turkey) Depositional Historyof the Yeniceoba-Cihanbeyli Tertiary Basin-Fill Deposits Microfacies Features of Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Inalti Formation, Boyabat (Sinop) Area Paleocene and Lower Eocene Biostratigraphy (Foraminifera and Ostracods) from the Jebel Serj, Central Tunisia General Geological Properties of the Neogene Sequence of Köyceğiz (Muğla-SW Turkey) Region Sediment Characteristics of A Plio-Quaternary Polje-Infill in South-Central Anatolia, Turkey Physical Properties of the Lake Bafa Sediments: Implications for the Depositional Conditions During the Last 150 Years Environmental Controls on the Organic Matter Enrichment Processes in the Lake Bafa Sediments (Eastern Mediterranean Region), During the Last 150 Years Promontory Plate Geometry Effect on Foreland Basin Sedimentation (Kahramanmaraş, SE Turkey) Weathering and Geomorphological Features of Metamorphosed Granitoids (Çine Submassif-Menderes Metamorphic Massif, W Turkey) Threshold Values of Trace Element Concentrations in Astragalus L. Which Grows Arzular (Gümüşhane, Turkey) Gold Mineralization Evaluation and Use of the Marble Muds in Desulphurization Plant of thermal Power Plant Cretan and Greek Palaeotsunamis Trenching Investigations on Active Normal Faults on Crete - Combinig Lidar and Geophysical Information Late Pleistocene Climatic Cycles from Eastern Anatolia Environmental Records of Küçükçekmece Lagoon Sediments (Istanbul) Based on Mineral- Magnetic and Geochemical Analyses Liıttle Ice Age And Medıeval Warm Periıod iIn İstanbul: Correlatiıon Of Küçükçekmece Lagoon Sediımentary Records wWiıth Hiıstoriıcal Data Late Holocene Cliımatiıc And Enviıronmental Changes Of Lake Bafa (Muğla, Turkey) Varved lake sediments from SW Anatolia (Köyceğiz Lake): paleoclimatic reconstructions and sedimentary earthquake record for the last 400 years 17 POSTER PRESENTATIONS 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 13-15 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 Ths07 Ths14 Ths08 Ths06 Ths10 Ths11 Ths24 Ths26 36 37 38 Özvan, A., et al. Özbek, A. and Gül, M. Akbulut, C. et al. 39 Uras, Y. et al. 40 41 42 Mpalatsas, I. et al. Petrounias, P. et al. Anıt, Y. and Ertuğrul, G. 43 Akın, Ö. et al. 44 M. Rifat Kahyaoğlu et al. Evaluation of Size Effect on Capillarity Water Absorption Test for Selected Rocks The Geological Strength Index Evaluations and Classification of Sandstone and Claystone Alternations Determination of Liquefaction Potential of the Tarsus Plain (Mersin-Adana) Geochemical and Engineering Properties Evaluation of Aggregates Used in Asphalt Production in Kahramanmaras (SE Turkey) Assessment of Carbonate Lithologies from Western Greece for their Use As Road Construction Aggregates Comparative Study of Ophiolitic and Carbonate Rocks for their Suitability As Concrete Aggregates Geotechnical Investigation Properties of Sirnak City A Combination of Fundamental Mode Dispersion Curves Obtained from Remi and Masw Methods- Examples from Trabzon (Arsin) A Case Study on the Mechanism and Remediation of Landslide in Kale-Denizli Motorway 45 Demirel, S. and Adatepe, F. Examination of Gravity Data of Cyprus 46 Özdağ, Ö. C. et al. Invesgation of Soil Dynamics Analysis Parameters at the Northern Part of Izmir Gulf By Using Multi-Approach Geophysical Methods 47 Özdağ, Ö. C. et al. The Dynamic Amplification Factor Calculations By Using Geophysical Methods: the Case Study at İzmir New City Centre Area 48 Bensalem, R. et al. Comparison Between H/V Microtremors and H/V Weak-Motion Earthquake: Case of Pilot Site of Dar El Beida (Algiers) Algeria 49 50 51 52 Akkaya, İ. et al. Doğru, F. and Pamuk E. Altınoğlu, F. F. and Aydın, A. Elisha, B. et al. 53 Demircan, H. et al. 54 55 56 Badpa, M. et al. Okur, K. Yavuz, N. et al. 57 Yavuz, N. and Demirer, Ş. S. 58 59 Akçay, A. G. et al. Kılıç, C. Ö. and Kadıoğlu, Y. K. 60 Moazzen, M. et al. 61 Ulusoy, E. and Kadıoğlu, Y. K. 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Bağcı, U. Et al. Hajialioghli, R. Spiros, O. and Dimitrios, K. Bilgin, Ö. Toygar, Ö. et al. Sendir, H. et al. Aydoğan, M. S. 69 Aydoğan, M. S. and Kumral, M. 70 Ergin, M. et al. 71 Guseynov, G. et al. 72 Korkmaz, E. F. and Vural, A. 73 Kayadibi, Ö. And Üstün, A. B. 74 Kurtuluş, B. et al. 75 76 77 Alsharabi, E. S. et al. Iliya Bauchi Danladi Çaldırak, H., et al. Determination of Soil-Structure Interaction of Yüksekova (Hakkari, Turkey) By Using Microtremor Method Wavelet Transform Methods for Arrival Times of P and S Phases Identification in Seismograms Seismicity and Its Relation With Crust Structure of Western Anatolia Fossil Oceanic Core Complex in the Limassol Forest, Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus The First Finding of Cambro -Ordovician Trace Fossils in the Siliciclastic Deposits in the Eastern Taurides (Kozan-FekeSaimbeyli/Adana) The Oldest Record of Paraheritschioides (Sando, 1985) (Rugose Coral) Description of the Eocene Alveolina and Paleoclimate Condition , Safranbolu Basin (NW of the Turkey) Late Oligocene climate and vegetation in the Thrace Basin (Turkey) based on pollen data Palynological and Isotopic Data from A Well-Known Early Miocene Mammal Type Locality, Kılçak (Mn 1), Central Anatolia, Turkey A Large Hyaenid of Western and Central Anatolia in Late Miocene: Adcrocuta Eximia (Hyaenidae, Mammalia) Nature of Migmatites in Central Anatolia, Turkey Hydrothermal Alteration of Spinel to Ferrite Chromite-Silicate Assemblage, Uvarovite and Kã¤Mmererite in Serpentinized Peridotites from South of Salmas, West Azerbaijan, NW Iran Nature of the Demirköy Intrusive Body: Geochemical and Confocal Raman Spectrometry Characteristics, Strandja Massif, NW Turkey The Geochemistry and Petrology of the Magmatic Complex from the Namrun (Mersin) Region, Southern Turkey Petrogenesis of Syn-Collisional S- and I-Type Granitoids of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt (Zagros Orogen) Novel Garnet-Orthopyroxene thermometery: Emphasis on Granulites and Diamondiferous Peridotites Assessment in Terms of Mineral Processing of Turkey-Gordes Zeolites Geochemical Observations on the Kaymaz Gold Deposit, Eskisehir, NW Turkey Geology and Ore Mineralogy Features of Hayriye, İclaliye Mineralizations in (İnegöl-Bursa) Area Geochemistry of Ni-Laterites in the Muratdağı Region (Uşak, Western Turkey) Geochemistry of Radiolarian Chert-Hosted Manganese Mineralizations Around Pabuçlu-Kavaklı in Kula (Manisa, Western Turkey): A Preliminary Study Heavy Mineral Enrichment in Modern Beach Sediments Along the Datça Peninsula (SW Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean): Implication for Placer Exploration Mineralization of the Gedabek Gold-Copper Deposit, (Lesser Caucasus), Azerbaijan The Detection of Changing of Basalt Lavas Which Outcrop in Geosite Area of Kula and Its Near Vicinity By Using Remotely Sensed Stalite Images Mapping of Quaternary Aged Sediments By Using Aster Satellite Data Estimation of Hydraulic Properties of Liwa Aquifer from an Unconfined Pumping Test Data and Evaluation of Data by using Boulton (1963) and Neuman (1975) models Analytical Study for Water Resources in Saber Mountain, Taiz, Yemen The Water Stratification in Lake Salda Recharge of Lake Salda 18 POSTER PRESENTATIONS 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 16-17 October 2014 Ths20 Ths28 Ths12 Ths17 16-17 October 2014 Ths25 16-17 October 2014 Ths22 16-17 October 2014 Ses14 78 79 Machane, D. et al. Ahmed, B. et al. Neotectonic Evidences in the Soummam Active Fault Landslide Mapping Using Remote Sensing and GIS: Case of Bejaia Landslide Site, Algeria 80 Yasin, D. et al. Fault Delineation Research Based on Rn and Co2 Measurements in the Soil: An Example for Eskişehir Karabayir 81 Ay, A. M. et al. The Mineralogical-Petrographical and Gemological Characteristics of Natural Black Carbon (Oltu Stone) and Green Opal 82 Hassanov, F. D. 83 Ghaffari, M. et al. Distribution of the radioactive elements (U, Th) in the deposits of the productive series depending on lithologic-mineralogical pecularities of rocks Characteristics and Origin of the Plutonic Complex of Salmas, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, NW Iran 84 Kibici, Y. et al. The Geological and Geochemical Properties of the Quaternary Travertines in the Emet Basin (Kütahya-Turkey) 85 Shabanian, N. et al. Petrology and Geochemistry of Noghan Bridge Granitoid, the NW of Boein- Miandashat, Sanandj-Sirjan Zone, Iran 86 87 Dzwoniarek, M. Goiran, J. P. et al. Preliminary Investigation Into the Stone Materials from Nea Paphos (Cyprus) Piraeus, An Ancient Island By the City of athens? Evidence from Holocene Sedimentary Archives and Ancient Texts Archives 88 Ghaib, F. A. and Gardi, S. Q. Re-Interpretation of Geopysical Data for the Archaeological Hill "Malta" in Duhok City Iraqi Kurdistan Region 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Gareev, A. and Farkhutdinov, A. Karakuş, H. et al. Özen, T. et al. Avşar, Ö. et al. Hozatlı, B. and Özeler Kanan, N. Rustamov, M. Balamir, M. and Akyüz, S. Rustamov, M. and Salahov, A. Akçay, G. D. et al. Mayda, S. et al. Karakütük S. Current State and Prospects for the Use of Geothermal Waters of Russia on Khankala Deposit Example A Numerical Modeling Approach on the Heat Sources of the Western Anatolian Geothermal Systems Hydrogeochemical Studies of Yenicekent Geothermal Field (Denizli, Turkey) Comparison of Wet and Arid Season Stable Isotope Characteristics of Thermal and Mineral Waters in Muğla (SW Turkey) Integration of thermal Energy Storage Systems With Existing Architectural and Heating-Cooling Systems Caucasian Microcontinent in Paleotethys Evolution in Global Geodynamic Setting of Compression Structural Evolution of Istanbul Zone: A Case Study in Sazlibosna-KayabaåI Area, West of Istanbul Caucasian Microcontinent in Tethys Evolution A Palaeoecological Evaluation from Muğla-Özlüce and Bursa-Paşalar Probosidean Fossils The Updated Late Miocene Mammalian Faunas from the Yatağan Basin, Muğla, SW Turkey Late Miocene Sub-Paratethyan Biogeographic Province: the Bovid Perspective 19 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey ORAL SESSIONS 21 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 22 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey ORAL PRESENTATIONS Monday, 13 October 2014 HALL –A – Opening Ceremony The Eastern Mediterranean: Collision Studies A Laboratory for Continental A. M. Celâl Şengör İTÜ Maden Fakültesi, Jeoloji Bölümü ve AvrasyaYerbilimleri Enstitüsü, Ayazağa 34469 Istanbul TURKEY [email protected] The Eastern Mediterranean is the only remnant of the Neo-Tethys. Until now it was believed that the subduction system to its north was a unified structure that had come into existence during the late Cretaceous (according to some) or during the medial Miocene (according to others). It now seems that both is correct in that the subduction zone of the Cyprus Arc formed during the Turonian, whereas the Hellenic Arc formed during the medial Miocene (some 13 Ma ago). The key to this realisation lies in the tectonic evolution of the Ayyubidorogen. The Ayyubids formed by ophioliteobduction during the Turonian to Campanian interval. This ophioliteobduction was abortive in Libya and Egypt where it created a major germanotypeorogen. By contrast, it was well developed in southern Turkey, Cyprus, Syria and along the Zagros where a major alpinotypeorogen came into existence. The boundary between the abortive and the full obduction coincides with a major inferred north-south transform fault boundary that today coincides with the transition from the Hellenic to the Cyprus arcs. Along-strike complexities along collision zones are very varied and become smeared into narrow zones of deformation following the collision, along which the earlier complexities are exceedingly difficult to disentangle, which, however, are crucial for an understanding of the evolution of the pre-collisional evolution of orogens. Post-collisional complexities are of different nature and are usually better preserved. I here present the changes of tectonic style along the North Anatolian Shear Zone extending from Karlıova in eastern Turkey to the Ionian Sea. The North Anatolian Shear zone changes from a well-defined strike-slip fault system to a broad zone of normal faulting with rotating fault blocks, where the older orogenic fabric abruptly changes course at about the Pelion Peninsula in Greece. Such complexities are usually not taken into account by modellers applying simple engineering concepts to extremely complex tectonic phenomena. The result usually is that the models generated bear little resemblance to what is on the ground making dialogue between modellers and geologists difficult. Keywords:Eastern Mediterranean, Ayyubids, Hellenic Trench, Cyprus Trench, North Anatolian Fault, Continental collision 23 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Communicating Geology to Society Iain S. Stewart School of Geography, Earth, & Environmental Sciences (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK Geoscientific knowledge and understanding lies at the heart of many of the most critical societal issues that face us in the 21st century. The pressing human challenges of natural disaster reduction, energy supply and security, and mineral and water resource management, rest on geological foundations. And yet, outside of the academic and industrial geoscience community there is a limited appreciation of Earth Science, especially among policy makers and the wider public. The result is that geology is largely out of sight and out of mind. It is for that reason that professional geologists are increasingly being encouraged to communicate more broadly what they do and what they know. Yet how can we do that when, for most people, geology is about 'stones' and stones are 'boring'! It is a problem compounded by the fact that many of our most acute geo-issues pertain to the unfamiliar realm of the deep subsurface. To counter this, this talk will use a decade of experience in popularising geoscience for mainstream television programmes to explore ways in which geologists can make our subject connect better with the dissonant public, and in doing so forge more effective strategies for meaningful public engagement. Keywords: 24 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Monday, 13 October 2014 HALL – B [Ses02] – Quaternary Mediterranean Geology in the Eastern The Onset of Glaciations in the Alps Anne Claude1, Naki Akçar1, Susan Ivy-Ochs2, Fritz Schlunegger1, Peter Kubik2, Meinert Rahn3, Andreas Dehnert3, Christian Schlüchter1 1University 2ETH of Bern, Switzerland Zurich, Switzerland 3Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI, Switzerland The onset of glaciations in the northern hemisphere is referred to approximately 2.7 Ma. Whether this onset in the Alps is synchronous or not, it is still unknown. Building of ice sheets must have resulted in a landscape change, which is recorded in the oldest Quaternary deposits in the Alps. The focus of this study is on these old deposits, the Deckenschotter, which are glaciofluvial gravels covering Tertiary Molasse or Mesozoic bedrock. Based on their distinct topographical positions, these gravels can be divided into two units: Höhere (Higher) and Tiefere (Lower) Deckenschotter. To characterize the onset of glaciations in the Alps, we reconstruct the chronology of Swiss Deckenschotter and thus contribute to the understanding of the large-scale evolution history of the Alpine Foreland. In order to reveal the extent of paleoglacial catchments we use detailed lithostratigraphy. To reconstruct the chronology of Deckenschotter, we apply two different methods: depth-profile dating, which uses the fact that cosmogenic nuclide build-up diminishes with depth and isochron-burial dating that is based on different pre-burial but same post-burial histories of quartz pebbles originating from the same timeline. Here, we show first results of two Higher Deckenschotter sites in northern Switzerland. At these sites, sediment samples were taken for depth-profile dating with 10Be and quartz pebbles for isochron-burial dating with 10Be and 26Al. First results from one site indicate that these units were accumulated during a cold period approximately 2 Ma ago and pebbles were derived from the catchment of the Rhein-Linth Paleoglacier. We thus think that Quaternary glaciations in the Alps should have begun prior to 2 Ma. Keywords: Cosmogenic, 10Be, 26Al, Quaternary, dating, Deckenschotter, terrace 25 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Quaternary Glaciations in Anatolia-Potential Correlations and Implications Christian Schlüchter1, Naki Akçar1, Vural Yavuz2, Markus Leuenberger1, Susan Ivy Ochs3, Regina Reber1, Dmitry Tikhomirov1, Serdar Yesilyurt4, Conradin Zahno5, Peter Kubik3 1Univ of Bern, Switzerland 2ITU, Turkey 3ETH Zürich, Switzerland 4Cankiri 5Louis Karatekin Uni, Turkey Engineering and Consulting, Switzerland The Anatolian landmass between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea is climatically a highly sensitive area. It is even more so if we consider climate change and this leads to the simple question: are there any terrestrial paleoclimate archives which allow the retrieval of basic paleo data? Over the past 15 years substantial findings have been possible through several research groups on the existance of former glaciers in Anatolia. Available paleoglacier chronologies show glacier expansions in the high mountains of Anatolia during the last major global cold phase = MIS 2 of the marine isotope stratigraphy. Evidence for earlier glacier expansions is, so far, not fully established. However, glacier oszillations between 25 and 10 ka BP are well confirmed and their correlation with other paleoclimate archives, e.g. the Greenland ice core record, are now under careful study. In addition, implications for ice-age paleocirculation patterns during MIS 2 are evaluated. Keywords: Glaciations, Quaternary, Anatolia, Correlations, Greenland, Paleocirculation Chronology of Late Quaternary Glaciers and Paleoclimate on the Mediterranean Coast of Turkey Inferred Mehmet Akif Sarikaya1, Attila Çiner1 1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey We report an overview of Late Quaternary glaciers and paleoclimate of Turkey, specifically on the SW and central Taurus Mountains located along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Several glaciated mountains exist on the western and central sector of the Taurus such as Mount Sandiras, Akdağ, Geyikdağ, Bolkar and Aladağlar. Over the last decade, the knowledge on the Late Quaternary glacial history of Turkey has dramatically increased. The cosmogenic exposure ages obtained from glacial landforms in these mountains provided significant information regarding the timing of glaciations. Here, we revised the glacio-geological literature of these mountains, and provided a synthesis of extent and chronology of Late Quaternary glaciations using upto-date data. Results indicate that the oldest glaciers were developed prior to the global-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 30-40 ka ago. Later, glaciers reached their maximum extents during the LGM (21-18 ka ago). Younger advances took place during Late Glacial (15 ka ago) and in Younger Dryas (around 12 ka ago). Unusual Early Holocene glaciations, dated to 9 ka-10 ka, were also reported from Mount Erciyes and Aladağlar. Late Holocene (3-5 ka ago) and Little Ice Age advances were less extensive than older glaciations, and developed only at certain locations, as predecessor of the present glaciers. Using the glacier modeling and paleoclimate proxies from the Eastern Mediterranean, we estimated that if temperatures during the LGM were 8-11oC colder than modern, which is suggested by paleotemperature proxies in the region, precipitation on the southwest Taurus was up to two times more than that of today, which is at odds with the conventional view of the LGM as being cold and dry. Keywords: Glacier, paleoclimate, Quaternary, cosmogenic dating 26 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Holocene Earthquake Activity in the Gediz Graben, Western Turkey: Insights from Cosmogenic36Cl Dating Dmitry Tikhomirov1, Çağlar Özkaymak2, Naki Akçar1, Susan Ivy-Ochs3, Vasily Alfimov3, Nasim Mozafari Amiri1, Bora Uzel4, Hasan Sözbilir4, Christan Schlüchter1 1Universität 2Afyon 3ETH Bern, Switzerland Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Turkey Zürich, Switzerland 4Dokuz Eylül Universitesi, Turkey We applied cosmogenic 36Cl dating to two normal fault scarps of the Manisa Fault Zone at the western end of the Gediz Graben and reconstructed their rupture history. The Gediz Graben is located in the West Anatolian Extensional Province (Turkey), which appears one of the regions of intense seismic activity. To provide sufficient data set for the rupture history reconstruction of the Manisa Fault Zone, we cut 7 meter profile of the Manastir scarp and collected 87 samples. Rupture history of the Mugirtepe fault scarp was recovered by reanalysis of a complemented 44-sample data set by Akçar et al. (2012). New advanced model for fault scarp dating and paleoearthquake reconstruction (Tikhomirov et al. 2014) was used for interpretation of measured 36Cl profiles. Best fit solutions for the Mugirtepe data set indicated that the scarp was ruptured by 2.5 ± 0.4 m (2σ) during period of seismic activity at 6 ± 1.5 kyr B.P. (2σ). After this period the Mugirtepe fault was deactivated, and later seismic activity is related to the Manastir fault. Last ruptures of the Manastir fault scarp occurred during 2.1 ± 0.8 kyr B.P (2σ), when lower 7 ± 1.1 (2σ) m of scarp surface were exposed. Recent seismic activity was not detected in displacements of the fault scarps. Keywords: Normal fault scarp, Cosmogenic Zone, Turkey 36Cl 27 dating, Earthquake chronology, Manisa Fault The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Holocene Seismic Activity and Slip Rates of the Priene-Sazlı Fault, Western Anatolia Nasim Mozafari Amiri1, Ökmen Sümer2, Dmitry Tikhomirov1, Çağlar Özkaymak3, Susan IvyOchs4, Bora Uzel2, Christof Vockenhuber4, Hasan Sözbilir2, Naki Akçar1 1University 2Dokuz 3Afyon 4ETH of Bern, Switzerland Eylül University, Turkey Kocatepe University, Turkey Zurich, Switzerland The destructive earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region were historically and instrumentally recorded since 464 B.C., which respectively reveal 78 earthquakes before and 79 after 1900. However, long-term earthquake modelling requires paleoearthquakes information beyond the historical data. Built mainly in carbonate rocks, three major graben systems of the Gediz, the Küçük Menderes and the Büyük Menderes in the western Anatolia, are bordered by large scale normal faults displaying seismic activity and thus surface faulting during the Pleistocene-Holocene. With the aim of understanding of how and when these graben systems were active prior the historical archives, as a first step, we sampled the Priene-Sazli Fault on the westernmost part of the Büyük Menderes graben for fault scarp dating. To measure 36 Cl concentration and chemical composition of individual but continuous samples, 117 slabs of limestone were collected along the fault. Analyzing the measured 36Cl concentrations with a new Matlab code, we modelled three periods of seismic activity of the Priene-Sazli fault: (1) ca. 6 kyr with 6 m of vertical slip; (2) ca. 4 kyr with a vertical slip of around 2 m; and (3) ca. 2 kyr with a vertical component of displacement of around 2 m. We estimate slip rates of approximately 2,1 and 1 mm/yr for these periods respectively. Based on these, we infer that the Büyük Menderes graben underwent periods of enhanced seismic activity during the Holocene, with decreasing amplitude through the time. For the Büyük Menderes graben, 2 mm/yr of long-term slip rate is anticipated for the last ca. 6 kyr. Keywords: Büyük Menderes graben, Cosmogenic, 36Cl, Surface exposure dating, Normal fault, Earthquake, Seismicity, Turkey, Eastern Mediterrenean 28 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Seafloor Mapping of the Volcanic Field Offshore NW Methana Peninsula, Saronikos Gulf, Greece Foutrakis Panagiotis1, George Anastasakis1 1School of Geology & Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece The western end of the South Aegean Arc hosts several volcanic centers of which the Methana peninsula has the longest recorded history, with continuous volcanic products from the Late Pliocene to recent times. The seafloor of the margin around the Methana peninsula has been mapped and here we report on the NW margin that displays intense Upper Quaternary volcanic activity. Our research is based on post 2010 surveys that include detailed multibeam bathymetry and side scan sea floor mapping, high to medium resolution 2D chirp and sparker profiles and gravity coring. Onshore, previous work shows that dacite domes and small andesitic stratovolcanoes formed throughout the mid and late Quaternary. The seafloor off the NW quarter of the Methana peninsula displays unequivocal evidence of active volcanic processes that include dome piercing, older elevated structures with dome morphology, flows associated with doming, more widespread flows from land, pyroclastic flows and probable small scale caldera collapse. The dome piercing chronology can be related to the stratigraphy of the surrounding sediments, with three distinct major flow events interbedded within the well stratified marine sediments. Seismic stratigraphy and sedimentation rates deduced from cores in the region suggest that these flow occurred over the last 300 ka. The last flow is linked to the 230 BC eruption. The oldest flow travelled the farthest to the west, 8 km from the NW coast of Methana, reaching the western edge of the >420 m deep Epidavros Basin. Upper Quaternary sediments recovered in cores record only one volcaniclastic layer, at around 11 ka. The Upper Quaternary seafloor volcanic activity on the NW Methana margin extends over an area of >25 km2. Keywords: Volcanic activity, Quaternary, seafloor, Methana, Saronikos Gulf, Greece 29 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Monday, 13 October 2014 HALL – C [Ses10]-Cenozoic Magmatism, Mantle History and Tectonism in the Anatolia-Aegean Microplates Eastern Anatolia Neogene Volcanic Activity and Its Bearing on Tectonic Reconstructions Paolo Di Giuseppe1, Samuele Agostini2, Mehmet Yilmaz Savaşçin3, Michele Lustrino1, Ayten Öztüfekçi Önal4, Sevcan Kürüm5, Özgür Karaoğlu6, Piero Manetti1 1Dipartimento 2Istituto di Scienze della Terra, La Sapienza University, Roma, Italy di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy 3Mahmudiye-Sapanca, 4Tunceli 5Firat 6Van Turkey University, Turkey University, Turkey University, Turkey A diffuse igneous activity developed in SE Turkey after the Arabia collision against Anatolia. In East Anatolia, around the Elazig, Pertek, Tunceli, Mazgirt and Karakoçan areas, a wide and chemically variable volcanic activity took place during the late Tertiary. Forty-three samples collected from this area show a wide range of petrographic and geochemical characters, ranging in composition from basalt/trachybasalt to andesite/dacite. Three main groups of rocks have been distinguished. The first group (Elazig-Karakoçan) exhibits high TiO2 (3.1-1.7), low La/Nb ratios (1.9-0.7), low Sr isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7033-0.7038) pointing out for mantle sources with small or any subduction-related component. The second group (Tunceli-Bulgurçuk) has lower TiO2 contents (1.7-1.4), higher La/Nb (2.3-1.3) and 87Sr/86Sr (0.7040-0.7049) than the first group. The third group (Pertek-Mazgirt). have low TiO2 (1.7-0.4), high La/Nb (3.5-2.3) and strongly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr (0.7055-0.7068). These features, including positive Pb and K anomalies as well as LILE and Sr enrichment in primitive mantle-normalized diagrams, are compatible with derivation from a subduction-related mantle source. Negative correlations of TiO2 with 87Sr/86Sr and 207Pb/204Pb ratios and positive correlations among 87Sr/86Sr, Th/Ta and La/Nb speak for the existence of two endmembers in the mantle sources. The presence of spatially and temporally overlapping volcanic rocks with very different mineralogical, chemical and isotopic compositions is a further evidence of the perils in inferring paleotectonic environments on the basis of geochemical constraints only. Keywords: Eastern Anatolia, Neogene Volcanism, Petrology, Isotope Geochemistry 30 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Coeval Felsic Igneous Magmatism of Mesta Volcanic Complex and Central Pirin Batholith, NW Bulgaria: Evidence for Extreme Crustal Assimilation Peter Marchev1, Petyo Filipov1, Irena Peytcheva1,2, Carsten Münker3,4, Maria Kirchenbaur3,4 1Geological 2ETH Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Zürich, Switzerland 3Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Köln, Germany 4Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Bonn, Germany An N-NW fault juxtaposes Mesta Volcanic Complex (MVC) and its feeding magma chamber, the Central Pirin batholith (CPB), providing an excellent opportunity for direct comparison. To clarify the genetic relationships and magmatic processes for the two rock suites, we studied their age, mineral and geochemical composition, Sr-Nd-Hf whole rock and Hf zircon isotopic compositions. The 34-32.5 Ma MVC and CPB have similar whole-rock compositions (SiO2 64 - 72.5 wt%) except one high-SiO2 rhyolite with 76.4 wt% SiO2. They also have similar mineral phases, which include plagioclase, biotite and K-feldspar in all rock types and quartz as phenocryst for the rhyolites and as a rock forming mineral in the plutons. The granites and rhyolites have similar 6-7 cm K-feldspar megacrysts, whereas amphibole is present only in the trachydacites and granodiorites. Similar isotopic ratios (high 87Sr/86Sr 0.71080-0.71521, low εNd -6.1 to -8.1 and εHf -3.8 to -7.5) of the volcanic and plutonic rocks are consistent with an origin by melting of crustal material. This is supported by the ~35% of xeno- and inherited zircons from the local metamorphic basement with εHf values of -2 to -9.5. However, findings of high-Mg (# 85-90) clino- and orthopyroxene and mafic enclaves in the youngest trachydacite and granodiorite indicate mixing with mafic and intermediate magmas. In addition, in situ analyses of Hf isotopes of zircons reveal large variations in 176Hf/177Hf (> 9 εHf units) between zircons in a single rock with most radiogenic values (εHf +2.7) within the mantle range. We suggest that the felsic MVC and CPB rocks formed as the result of high degree of assimilation of the thick (~ 50 km) continental crust into primitive mantle-derived magma. Keywords: Mesta Volcanic Complex, Central Pirin Batholith, Bulgaria, Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, Crustal assimilation 31 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tracing Volcaniclastic Upper Quaternary Input on the Seafloor of West Kos Basin Emmanouil Markakis1, George Anastasakis1, David J.W. Piper2 1School of Geology & Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece 2Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic) Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada The West Kos Basin, with a maximum depth of 518 m, is enclosed to the north by the SW half of Kos and bounded to the south by the Upper Quaternary volcanic islands of Pyrgousa, Pachia, Nisyros and Yali. Both land and marine geologists have previously suggested that the seafloor of this region hosted the collapsed calderas of the major Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption. Post 2010 marine surveys by Athens University included multibeam bathymetry, a limited number of high resolution chirp profiles and a grid of high to medium resolution sparker and air gun profiles. Additionally 17 cores supplemented by 9 older gravity cores provide ground truthing. In the deep basin, the upper 15–40 m of stratified sediments includes several minor mass-flow deposits coming from both the north and south margins of the basin. This overlies a prominent acoustically incoherent body apparently piled against the SW Kos slope apron, over 150 msec thick, and rapidly thinning towards Pyrgousa and eastwards. This massive unit overlies up to 200 msec thick well stratified sediment, interrupted by thin mass-flow deposits. Below the stratified sediments is a second acoustically incoherent bed, in places with an erosive base, with a maximum thickness of 250 msec against the Pyrgousa slope apron. Sedimentation rates for the deeper parts of the basin are greater than 10–25 cm/ka for the Holocene and > 21cm/ka in the 10–20 ka time intervals. Taking into account sedimentation rates and seismic stratigraphic considerations, we interpret the lower incoherent bed as the KPT and relate the upper acoustically amorphous body to a younger eruption on either Yali or Nisyros not excluding the possibility of a massive debrisavalanche from the southern Kos. Keywords: Aegean Sea, Volcanic Arc, West kos Basin, Volkaniclastic, Kos Plateau tuff New Findings of the Distal Nisyros Tephra on Datça Peninsula (Turkey) Gonca Gençalioğlu Kuşcu1, Göksu Uslular1, Ali Aluç1, Abitter Günay1 1Muğla SitkiKoçman University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, Muğla, Turkey Nisyros is an active volcano of Kos-Nisyros-Yalı volcanic system considering recent hydrothermal explosions, shallow earthquakes and high-enthalpy geothermal system. While there is an increasing interest in the volcanological and petrological evolution of the Nisyros volcano, stratigraphy, distribution, and age of the tephrahave still been controversial. For instance,as for the distribution of the proximal Nisyros tephra, limited deposition is argued, owing to collapse of the caldera. As for the distal tephra, deposition mainly in marine environment was proposed. However, there are afew studies suggesting that Nisyros tephra covered larger distances than expected (300 km to the north) and possible Kyra subunits deposited in the surrounding islands (Pachia, Chalki and Tilos) and Turkish mainland (Datça Peninsula). Therefore, identification and verification of inland deposited tephra for this active volcano becomes more important. In this study we aim to present new findings about the Nisyros pumice fall units (possibly Kyra sub-unit) deposited on Kos Plateau Tuff units in several locations of Datça Peninsula, and discuss the distribution and field characteristics with regard to previous and ongoing studies in the region. This research is supported by TUBITAK, grant number 113Y328. Keywords: Aegean Sea, Volcanic Arc, West Kos Basin, Volkaniclastic, Kos Plateau tuff 32 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Western Anatolia versus Eastern Anatolia Magmatic - Tectonic and Geodynamic Comparing and Their Geothermal Results M.Y. Savaşçın1, M. Tokçaer2, Ö. Karaoğlu 1Tunceli 2Dokuz 3 University, Turkey Eylül University, Turkey 3Yüzüncu Yıl University, Turkey During the Cenozoic Turkey has been interested by a widespread igneous activity with products characterized by very variable chemical and mineralogical compositions. In some of these igneous areas high level high enthalpy geothermal fields have been identified. The western and eastern sectors of Anatolia experienced different tectonic evolutions followed by the Arabia-Asia collision. The extensional regime in western Anatolia has been associated with lithospheric and crustal thinning and high heat flows. The heat source for the western Anatolia geothermal systems is very shallow (high geothermal gradient). On the other hand, the tectonic regime of eastern Anatolia is dominated by the strike-slip tectonics, possible oceanic slab delamination gave rise to passive asthenospheric upwelling in the last 10 Ma, likely the source region of the young sodic mildly alkaline rocks with a general OIB-like geochemical characteristic. The geothermal systems active in eastern Anatolia should be associated to the presence of young plutonic bodies and the passive upwelling of hot sub-lithospheric mantle. Heat flow measuring in several km deeps, or mantle originated noble gases support also this hypothesis. In western Anatolia (e.g., the Menderes core complex) plutonic bodies are covered and thermally insulated by thick young sedimentary infillings (up to 2 km), whilst similar (but generally younger) plutonic bodies in the eastern Anatolia reach the surface or are overlaid by thinner sedimentary cover, causing major geothermal heat dispersion. The relatively large distance between the local hydrographic network and the shallow hotspots favoring the development of hot geothermal sites. On the other hand, the absence of true extensional tectonic in the eastern Anatolia force both the cold (rivers) and the hot waters (geothermal fluids) to mix, strongly reducing the enthalpy. Keywords: Geodynamic, Magma, Geothermal 33 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Monday, 13 October 2014 HALL – D [Ses01]-Geotectonic Development of Anatolia and Adjacent Region The New Findings on the Mid-Late Paleozoic Volcanism in the Eastern Taurides: Implications for the Geodynamic Evolution of the Anatolide-Tauride Terrane Okay Çimen1, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu1, Kaan Sayit1, Cengiz Okuyucu2 1Middle East Technical University Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey 2Selçuk University Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey The Anatolide-Tauride Terrane consists of widespread Paleozoic (Cambrian to Permian) units in which mafic volcanic rocks are rarely found. These mafic lithologies have been described in two areas; Eastern Taurides (SW of Tufanbeyli and Yahyali) and Central Taurides (Northern Konya). The ideas on the evolution of these volcanic rocks, however, are controversial, and the available data mainly come from the volcanics of the Central Taurides (Konya Region). Based on our preliminary work, mafic volcanic rocks were identified in the Eastern Taurides (Develi-Kayseri). These basaltic lithologies are observed between the Late Devonian (Famennian) limestones and Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) sandstones. The basalts display affinites to back arc basin (BAB) lavas, with trace element patterns showing relative enrichment in large ion lithophile-elements (LILE) relative to high field strength element (HFSE). The abundance of the HFSE in the lavas appears to be normal-MORB (NMORB)-like and they exhibit flat REE profile. The recently discovered mafic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Taurides geochemically resemble to the meta-diabase dykes in the Konya and Yahyali regions, which were interpreted to be linked to a subduction-related event (Göncüoğlu et al.,2007; Robertson and Ustaömer, 2009). If supported by additional data, this new finding will place further constraints on the mid-Paleozoic evolution of the Taurides. Keywords: Eastern Taurides, Volcanism, Mid-Late Paleozoic, BAB, Develi-Kayseri 34 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey New Evidence of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Continental BreakUp and Jurassic-Cretaceous Passive Margin Development of the Southern Neotethys in SE Turkey A.H.F. Robertson1, O. Parlak2, P. Dumitrica3, K. Tasli4 & N. Yildirim5 1School of GeoSciences, Univ. Edinburgh, W. Mains Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK 2 Dept. Geological Engineering, Çukurova Univ., 01330-Balcali, Adana, Turkey 3 Dennigkofenweg 33, CH-3037 Guemligen, Switzerland 4Dept. 5 of Geological Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Elaziğ, Turkey Evidence of rift-spreading-closure of S Neotethys is provided by continental margin/oceanic units emplaced onto the Arabian foreland (Adiyaman area). Two main volcanic and/or sedimentary units are present. First, the Koçali Complex is a folded, imbricated succession that includes basaltic lavas, volcaniclastics, pelagic carbonates, diagenetic chert, radiolarite and manganiferous deposits, of Mid(?)-Late Triassic to Cretaceous age. The, structurally lower, Karadut Complex is a broken formation of deep-sediments, including pelagic and redeposited carbonates, pelagic carbonate and radiolarite, of (at least) Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous age. Ophiolitic rocks are imbricated with the Koçali Complex. New data are provided for sedimentology, biochronology (Radiolaria and planktic foraminifera), igneous geochemistry and structure. The basaltic rocks of the Koçali Complex are of ocean-island basalt and enriched mid-ocean ridge type. The OIBs and E-MORBs are interbedded, with OIB predominating stratigraphically upwards. The basalts formed by interaction of deeply sourced upper mantle melts (OIB) and more shallowly derived melts (E-MORB), probably within the outer part of a continent-ocean transition zone. Continental breakup took place during Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian)-Early Jurassic). Overlying MidJurassic-Early Cretaceous radiolarian sediments accumulated in an abyssal plain setting below the carbonate compensation depth. The contrasting Karadut Complex reflects the accumulation of calcareous gravity flows in a relatively proximal slope to base-of-slope marginal setting. Deposition was terminated by emplacement onto the Arabian platform by earliest Maastrichtian time. Keywords: SE Turkey, Continental margin, Rifting, Radiolarites, Sediments 35 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey How to Accommodate Field-Based Evidence for five or more Mesozoic Subduction Zones in Anatolia within a ~1500 km-Wide Eurasia-Arabia Gap? A.H.F. Robertson1, O. Parlak2, T. Ustaömer3 1School of GeoSciences, Univ. Edinburgh, W. Mains Rd., Edinburgh, UK 2Dept. Geological Engineering, Çukurova Univ., Adana, Turkey 3Dept. Geology, Istanbul Univ., Istanbul, Turkey How can we rationalise field-based geological evidence for five or more subduction zones with the palaeomagnetic evidence of a ~1500 km gap between Eurasia and Arabia? Four or five potentially interlinked oceanic strands are commonly inferred for the central-eastern Anatolia region based on field geological evidence. from N to S: 1. Izmir-Ankara Ocean (IAESZ) (major ocean); 2. Inner Tauride Ocean (ITO) (regionalscale ocean); 3. Berit Ocean (BO) (small; between microcontinents); 4. S Neotethys (SNT) (major ocean). Within the IESZ, at least two subduction zones are documented: i) Cretaceous continental margin subduction zone (i.e. E Pontide arc) and ii) L. Jurassic-U. Cretaceous intra-oceanic subduction zone (i.e. Jurassic SSZ ophiolites & related arc magmatism). Associated with the ITO, there is evidence of Late Cretaceous SSZ-ophiolite genesis/arc magmatism and Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene HP/LT metamorphism. Ocean 3 (BO) is evidenced by Late Cretaceous SSZ-type ophiolite genesis, Late Cretaceous & Eocene continental margin arc magmatism and Late Cretaceous HP/LT metamorphism (e.g. SSZ-Berit ophiolite; Malatya-Keban platform arc; N. Bitlis blueschists). The SNT is evidenced by Late Cretaceous SSZ ophiolite genesis (e.g. Troodos; Hatay), arc magmatism (Kyrenia, N Cyprus) and accretion (Koçali Complex, SE Turkey). Three of the subduction zones seem inescapable (IESZ x 2 + SNT). Elimination of the remaining two (ITO, BO) would require complex structural emplacement and/or terrane displacement which are difficult to reconcile with the known field relations and the timing of events. Acceptance of numerous subduction zones implies the existence of multiple SSZ-spreading episodes between a collage of microcontinents. Keywords: Anatolia, Subduction, Microcontinents, Ophiolite, Suture zones 36 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Sedimentary Evidence for the Cenozoic Development of the SE Anatolian Thrust Belt Ahmet Can Akıncı1, Ulvi Can Ünlügenç1, A.H.F. Robertson2 1University of Çukurova, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Department of Geology, Adana, Turkey 2School of GeoSciences, Univ. Edinburgh, W. Mains Rd., Edinburgh, UK We report new, mostly sedimentary evidence and interpretation from a well-exposed frontal part of the South East Anatolian thrust belt and the adjacent Arabian foreland, in the vicinity of Çağlayancerit. The following tectono-statigraphy is developed in the area. 1) Arabian Foreland; The succession studied begins with Eocene limestones, ranging from bioclastic limestones to Nummulitic limestones and micritic limestones with local chert nodules. The succession passes upwards into Oligocene and then Early Miocene limestones. Where exposed in the south, the Early Miocene limestones are neritic, with a rich biota (e.g. pelecypods, echinoderms and coral). In the north an abrupt transition is exposed from shelf limestones to Lower-Middle Miocene terrigenous mudstones and sandstone/siltstone turbidites (locally lenticular). 2) Thrust duplex; Fine-coarse clastics, including ophiolite-derived debris-flow deposits. Above, slices of ophiolitic rocks (serpentinite, gabbro, sheeted dykes, basaltic extrusives), locally intruded by granitic rocks. 3) Sedimentary melange (“Bulgurkaya Olistostrome”), variable-sized blocks including Eocene shallow-marine conglomeratic rocks and metamorphic rocks in a matrix composed of highly altered & sheared phyllite, calcschist, greenschist rocks. 4) Regionally extensive thick (several kilometres) metamorphic thrust sheet (Malatya Metamorphics); mostly tectonised marble, schist and phyllite of greenschist facies grade. In ascending age, the above units can be interpreted as follows: The ophiolitic rocks, cut by Upper Cretaceous granitic intrusions record S Neotethyan oceanic crust, locally intruded by U. Cretaceous arc rocks (Nurlu et al. 2014). The Eocene-Oligocene? sedimentary melange represents a foredeep into which debris was shed from the Malatya metamorphic rocks and the associated Maastrichtian-Eocene? cover succession. In the south, the Eocene-Lower Miocene carbonates accumulated on the subsiding Arabian margin. The overlying Early-Middle Miocene succession, mostly mudrocks and channelized turbidites, accumulated in a flexurally controlled foreland basin. The thrust stack developed in response to northward subduction beneath a backstop represented by the Tauride microcontinent (Malatya Metamorphics). During later stages of closure of the S Neotethys, the thrust stack progressively accreted to the Malatya Metamorphics above. Debris was shed southwards into an early-stage foredeep (Eocene-Oligocene?). Ophiolitic rocks then accreted. When the Arabian margin entered the subduction zone, it subsided rapidly to form an Early-Middle Miocene foreland basin. The northerly, proximal part of the foreland basin including the ophiolite-derived debris-flow deposits (‘Çüngüş Formation’) detached and accreted to the base of the allochthon. After collision (Middle Miocene), large-scale folds (e.g. Ahırdağ) developed in response to suture zone tightening (Middle-Late Miocene). The associated uplift triggered extensive erosion and large-scale deposition of fluvial facies including braided streamconglomerates (Pliocene Şelmo Formation). Keywords: SE Anatolia, Thrust belt, Arabian Foreland, Çağlayancerit, Convergent margin 37 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – B [Ses02]Meditarrenean Quaternary Geology in the Eastern Multi-proxy Climate Records of the very Late Pleistocene-the Holocene Fluvio-lacustrine Sediments from Central Anatolia, Turkey Ceren Küçükuysal1, Nurdan Yavuz2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, Muğla, Turkey 2General Directorate of MTA, Turkey Flood-plain deposits from a 36.9 m section in Gölbaşı, Central Anatolia was investigated by qualitative and quantitative mineralogical, stable isotopic and pollen analysis of the bulk samples. The calcrete bearing unit beneath the recent soil is evaluated as paleosol by soil structure, color and life traces. The paleosol section which has a sharp contact with the overlying recent soil, is composed of Bk horizon with an immature powdery calcretes and Bw horizon with blocky accompanying peds. The Munsell color of this B horizon is mostly 10 YR 9/2, while the calcretes within is 2.5 GY 9/2. 14C (AMS) age of one sample from the section shows an age of cal BP 12080, the very late Pleistocene. The average mineralogical composition of the studied section is 8.7% quartz, 3% calcite, 25.1% cristabolite, 20.1 % feldspar and 43% total phyllosilicates. The clay minerals are dominantly smectite and a little amount of kaolinite. δ13C and δ18O isotope compositions throughout the paleosol range from 13.02‰ to -5.80‰ and -8.90‰ to -7.22‰ VPDB, respectively. The pollen record documents the climate related vegetation history of the studied section. Pinus, Asteraceae / Asteroideae, Asteraceae / Cichoriodeae and Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae dominate the pollen assemblage and percentages of long-distance transported pollen taxa are used to infer regional variations in moisture and vegetation density. Two periods of increased humidity are identified from central and lower parts of the section with peak percentages of Salix and Pinus. The correlations among the mineralogical, palynological and stable isotopic proxies prove the presence of wet and dry oscillations through the very late Pleistocene to the Holocene in Central Anatolia. Keywords: Paleosol, stable isotopes, pollen, Central Anatolia, paleoclimate, Late Pleistocene-Holocene 38 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The First Findings of the Sarikavak Calcareous Tufa Deposits as Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoclimatic Indicators (Denizli-SW Turkey) Ezher Toker1 1Pamukkale University, Geological Engineering Department, Denizli, Turkey The palaeoclimatic significance of calcaerous tufa deposits found in the presently the Sarikavak area characterized by Pliocene deposits developed in the northeast of the Acıgöl Graben basin occured during Neotectonic extensional movements in SWTurkey. These ambient temperature deposits (tufa) and thermal precipitations (travertine) are exposed within Pliocene deposits consisted of beige, white marl, limestone, sandstone and clayey limestone. In this present study is to reveal tufa facies and systems using by palaeoenvironmental analysis and sedimentological criteria. The main goal of this study is to approach palaeoclimatic changes during the depositional processes. For this purpose, according to field study, Sarikavak tufa outcrops are precipitated in two depositional environments such as perched springline and fluviatile tufa systems and composed of four lithotypes (phytoherm framestone, phytoherm boundstone, tufa breaccia and intraclast tufa). Autochthonous deposits; in situ, cemented plant material, commonly patchy and precipitated radially around plant stems (Phytoherm framestone) and in situ, laminated stromatolite build-ups, commonly banded, laminae occur as radiating calcite crystals (Phytoherm boundstone). Clastic deposits; mainly composed of angular, poor-sorted, intraformational phytoclast and phytoherm tufa fragments (Tufa breccia) and silt and sand size detrital clastics (intraclast tufa).The further work, precise age of the Sarikavak tufa will be determined by using U/Th dating method and stable isotope data will be obtained from fresh water carbonates to get some environmental information about water temparature, rainfall (mainly δ 18O), and/or soil respiration (mainly δ13C). Keywords: Tufa, palaeoenvironment, palaeoclimate, Quaternary, Denizli, SW-Turkey 39 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – B [Ses08] Levantine palaeoenvironments, palaeoclimates and ancient human populations – PleistoceneHolocene What Has Changed under the Sun? Environmental Reconstruction in Arid Southern Levant (Jordan) For the Past Ca. 40,000 Years C. Rambeau1, J. van Leeuwen1, P. van der Knaap1, E. Gobet1, E. Asouti2, C. Kabukcu2, A. Moravcová3, A.L. Develle4 1IPS, University of Bern, Switzerland 2University 3Charles of Liverpool, UK University in Prague, Czech Republic 4Université de Savoie, France Reconstructing the environmental and climatic evolution of the most arid parts of the Levant represents a challenge, due to the general scarceness of suitable archives in such dry landscapes. However, this information is crucial to establish precisely the context into which prehistoric and historic populations travelled, settled and evolved during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. New information regarding the local evolution of environmental conditions in semi-arid to arid southern Levant was obtained from small, ‘desert’ wetlands located in western and southwestern Jordan. Interestingly, the results of this investigation show the persistence of steppe vegetation at the studied sites, which suggests that no drastic variation of climatic conditions occurred during the last ca. 40,000 years. However, clear palynological, geochemical and sedimentological changes in the records hint at a definite evolution of local to regional environmental factors, as well as at the presence of several abrupt events. These results add a new piece to the jigsaw of climate and environmental reconstruction in the Southern Levant, and may even contribute to shed a new light on human occupation in the arid and semi-arid parts of the region during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Keywords: Southern Levant, Jordan, Wetlands, Pollen, Arid, Paleoenvironments, Multiproxy 40 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Green Huesin the Black Grasslands in Eastern Jordan Desert: Implied Mid-Holocene Gary Rollefson1 1Whitman College, USA The contemporary landscape in Jordan’s panhandle is one of bleak and desolate expanses of silt, sand, basalt, and gravel. Although Bedouin groups have herded their animals successfully for millennia in this forbidding territory, their presence at any one spot is generally fleeting, their stay governed by unpredictable rains and consequent water and food for their animals and themselves. Sparse indications of Pleistocene human presence in the area have contributed to a general sense that the modern hyperarid desert has been a constant factor for tens, if not hundreds of thousands of years. Recent archaeological research in the Black Desert – a large area characterized by a broad plain of basalt in southeastern Syria, eastern Jordan, and northwestern Saudi Arabia – indicates that the barrenness of the region may be a relatively recent development, and that the earliest pastoral groups of the mid-Holocene may have been able to exploit a relatively lush environment to support their herds of sheep and goats. Keywords: Pastoralism, Late Neolithic, Black desert, Precipitation, Topsoil 41 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Bronze Age Paleoenvironments in the Northern Mesopotamia and the Southern Levant: Comparative Modeling and Human Impacts Bülent Arıkan1 1Istanbul Technical University Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolution, İstanbul, Turkey Computational modelling in archaeology has proven to be a useful tool in quantifying changes in the paleoenvironment. This method is especially useful as it combines data from diverse fields of research in order to answer questions that focus on the complex and non-linear aspects of human-environment interactions. The research presented in this talk will compare the changes in climate during the Bronze Age in two environmentally and socially different regions of the Near East: the Malatya Plain in the northern extremity of Northern Mesopotamia and the Wadi el-Hasa in the southern Levant. The results of landscape evolution modeling between 5000–3000 cal. BP for both regions reveal significantly different reactions to increased aridity in this period which led to variations in surface processes, mainly erosion-deposition rates across space and time. In addition to this, extensive agropastoral land use modeling was applied to three sites of different size and function in the Malatya Plain during the Early Bronze Age I period (ca. 5000–4750 cal. BP) in order to simulate the varying scale and intensity of human impacts in relation to changes in the level of social organization and temporal length. The results suggest that the even in such land use types with a light footprint, the scale and intensity of anthropogenic impacts on the woodland steppe environment change significantly in relation to the level of social organization. Keywords: Paleoclimate, Land use, Anthropogenic impacts, Modeling, Bronze age, Social organization 42 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – C [Ses03] - Tectonic geomorphology: coupling between crustal deformation and landscape evolution Holocene Coastal Notches in the Mediterranean Indicators of Palaeoseismic Clustering? Region: S. J. Boulton 1, I. S.Stewart 1 1Plymouth University, UK Marine tidal notches are developed by bioerosion in the intertidal zones of rocky coasts, but a combination of sea-level change and crustal movements can result in them being raised above or submerged below the water line. For that reason, the present-day elevation of these former shorelines relative to mean sea level has long been used to quantify relative coastal uplift and subsidence in tectonically active areas, assuming that the sea-level (eustatic) change component is known. Along the microtidal Mediterranean littoral, it is generally assumed that notches develop during relative stillstands of sea level, when tectonic and eustatic trends are in unison, and that discrete notch levels record abrupt shoreline changes caused by local seismic displacements. Recently, however, a climatic model for notch formation has been proposed, in which stable periods of Holocene climate favour enhanced erosion; in this competing model, the rate of sea-level rise is lower than the tectonic uplift rate and individual notches are not specific seismic indicators. Because marine notches are widely used as geomorphic markers of tectonic, and in some cases palaeoseismic, movements, a reappraisal of the geological significance of these strandlines is warranted. Here, the two conflicting notch models are tested using a database of Eastern Mediterranean palaeoshorelines. Although we conclude that the spatial and temporal distribution of the notches supports a dominantly tectonic control on notch genesis as a result of earthquake clustering, we highlight how the diachronous timing of notch development tempers their value as tectonic markers. Keywords: Marine notch, Neotectonics, Mediterranean, paleoseismology, climate 43 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Relationship between River Channel Morphology and Active Tectonics in the Gediz Graben, Western Turkey Emiko Kent1, Sarah J. Boulton1, Iain Stewart1, Alex Whittaker2, M. Cihat Alçiçek3 1Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK 2Imperial College London, UK 3Pamukkale University, Turkey The Gediz Graben is one of the most significant grabens in western Turkey in terms of sedimentary accumulation and fault development, it is characterised by a drainage pattern consisting of largely parallel channels cutting perpendicular to the strike of the elevated graben margins. Rivers are known to be a significant mechanism of landscape evolution and if topography represents a filtered signal of tectonics and climate then it should be possible to work backwards through the rivers to the original boundary conditions. This project aims to test this hypothesis using computer and field data of rivers and active faults. An ASTER DEM has been analysed using RiverTools software to extract the regional fluvial network and allow extraction of river long profiles and upstream drainage areas. The morphology and slope geometry of river channels that traverse the graben margin and cross the major graben bounding faults have been examined for evidence of knickzones. In addition to the river data the locations of the major active high-angle normal faults have been mapped and swath analysis and cross-sections have been created on the graben margin to quantify amounts of fault movement, allowing comparison of methods. Using the cross-section and swath method displacement rates range from 1.48 mm/a to 0.44 mm/a over 2 ma. Subsequently, the locations and heights of the knickzones have been examined along strike and compared to the fault data, showing significant variation along strike. These results suggest the fault displacement may have played a part in determining the height of knickpoints in the southern tributaries of the Gediz River and that fault movement has been greatest to the eastern extent of the graben. Keywords: Normal faulting, Gediz Graben, River long profiles, Displacement rate Constrains on the Long-Term Slip Rate of the Ecemiş Fault Zone, Turkey by Cosmogenic36Cl Dating of Offset Alluvial Fans Mehmet Akif Sarikaya1, Cengiz Yildirim1, Attila Çiner1 1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey The Ecemiş Fault Zone is the southernmost segment of the Central Anatolian Fault Zone. The tectonic trough of the fault zone defines the boundary between the Central and Eastern Taurides Ranges. The presence of faulted alluvial fans and colluvium within this trough provides favorable conditions to unravel the Late Quaternary sliprate of the fault zone by cosmogenic surface exposure dating. In this context, we focused on the main strand of the Ecemiş fault zone and also on the Cevizlik Fault that delimits the mountain front of the Aladağlar, Eastern Taurides. Geomorphic mapping and topographic surveying indicate four different alluvial fan levels deposited along the main strand. Our topographic survey reveals 165±5 m horizontal and 35±1 m vertical displacement of the oldest fan surface (AF1) associated with the main strand of the fault zone. We dated the alluvial fan surfaces with 43 cosmogenic 36Cl samples. Our results indicate that the AF1 surface was abandoned maximum 98.5±1.8 ka ago. Accordingly, we propose 1.68±0.06 mm/yr horizontal and 0.36±0.01 mm/yr vertical mean slip-rates for the Late Quaternary. on the other hand, we measured 20±2 m vertical displacement on the colluvium along the Cevizlik Fault. The surface exposure age of the colluvium indicate an abandonment age since 21.9±0.3 ka that translates to 0.91±0.09 mm/yr vertical slip-rate for the Cevizlik Fault. Our results reveal significant Quaternary deformation, and low strain rates might indicate very long earthquake recurrence intervals along the fault zone. Keywords: Ecemis Fault, Alluvial fan, Quaternary, Aladağlar, Cosmogenic dating, Slip rate 44 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geomorphology along Major Continental Constraint from Climatic Fluctuations Faults: Slip Rate Ersen Aksoy 1, Mustapha Meghraoui2, Matthieu Ferry3 1Dept 2EOST of Geological Engineering, Mugla S.K. University, Mugla, Turkey - Institut de Physique du Globe, Strasbourg, France 3Equipe Risques, Geosciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France We construct the slip history for the DSF and NAF based on the interaction between stream offsets along faults and alluvial and lacustrine deposits. Our analysis focuses on the geomorphology of active faults and paleoclimate history of the Eastern Mediterranean for the last 140 kyr with an emphasis on Intense Precipitation Episodes (IPEs) likely to have triggered systematic stream gully erosion and alluvial fan aggradation. IPEs are documented by the occurrence of sapropel layers, high lake stands and significant changes in vegetation and dated by multiproxy approaches. The 45-km-long co-seismic 1912 surface ruptures and related slip along the Ganos segment of NAF have been investigated to document cumulative right-lateral displacements. The classification of stream offsets at 63localities and correlations with climatic events deduced from Black Sea sea level curves reveal the correlation between consecutive 5 cumulative slip groups (from 70 to 300 m) and subsequent sea level rise periods at 4 ka, 10.2 ka, 12.5 ka, 14.5 ka and 17.5 ka BP. Slip rate estimations yield a constant slip rate of 17.9 mm/a for the last 20.000 years. Along and 120-km-long Jordan Valley segment of the DSF the isotopic dating of six paleoclimatic events yields a precise chronology for the onset of six generations of gully incisions at 47.5 ka, 37.5 ka, 13 ka, 9 ka, 7 ka, and 5 ka BP. The cumulative slip of 20 dated incisions along the DSF consistently fall into six distinct classes yielding an average constant slip rate of 4.7 to 5.1 mm/a for the last 47.5 ka. These estimates of long-term fault slip rate are consistent with the 16 – 18 mm/a and 4.5 – 5.5 mm/a from paleoseismology and with the 22 – 26 mm/a and 4 – 5 mm/a from GPS velocities, for the NAF and DSF, respectively. The timing of cumulative offsets also reveals slip rate variations critical to our understanding of the slip deficit and seismic cycle along major continental faults. Keywords: North Anatolian Fault, Holocene, Climatic fluctuations, Tectonics, Slip rate 45 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – C [ThS01] - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy The Discovery of Holocene Tephra Producing Events in the Marine Realm Surrounding the Volcanic Centers of the Southeast Aegean Sea Anna Koutrouli1, George Anastasakis1, David J.W. Piper 2, Georgia Pe-Piper3, Stephe Kuehn4 1School of Geology & Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece 2Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic), Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada 3Department 4Concord of Geology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada University, USA In the complex marine setting around the volcanic islands of the southeast Aegean Sea, Athens University has recently recovered 43 cores. a tephra identified interbedded within the uppermost East Mediterranean sapropel S1 prompted a high resolution study of 11 cores retrieved from around the islands of Nisyros, Yali, Pyrgousa and Kos. This research included magnetic susceptibility and carbonate content measurements, and selective measurements of XRD bulk mineralogy, organic content, and WDS analyses of volcanic glass shards. Core PAG-12-10 from deep water separating Nisyros and Yali islands was used to identify levels with high volcanic mineral input, recognized from well crystallized feldspar contents from XRD analysis. The organic rich sapropel sediments contain two levels of elevated volcanic minerals, one in the middle-upper part of S1 and another just above S1, with feldspar content up to 50%. These layers contain no evidence of reworking and foraminifera give a calibrated C-14 age of 7881±79 (lower limit) and 5960±91 yrs BP (upper limit). The correlative level in M-15-162 in deep water east of Pyrgousa contains tephra with >75% SiO2, geochemically similar to the Yali uppermost Pumice. A pumice block in a raised mid-Holocene beach in eastern Kos is also geochemically similar. Cores within 50 km of the Yali-Nisyros- Pyrgousa caldera contain significantly elevated levels of volcanic tephra within sapropel S1, implying small but extended Plinian events. However, tephra from the younger Minoan eruption of Santorini is more readily recognized as a tephra in the basins of the SE Aegean Sea Volcanic Arc, except close to Pyrgousa-Yali, pointing out orders of magnitude difference in the two Holocene volcanic events. Keywords: Holocene, tephra, SE Aegean Sea, Volcanic Arc 46 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Structural –Geologic Modeling and Oil and Gas Bearing of the Lower Kura Basin, Azerbaijan Gasham Zeynalov1, Roksana Askerova2 1Khazar University, Azerbaijan 2Institute of Geology at Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan The Lower Kura Basin as the western part of the South Caspian megabasin is characterized with high sedimentation rates during Cenozoic time.These processes produced sizeable thickness of lacustrine clayey-sandstones and accumulation of plastic clays of the Paleogene-Miocene and the Pliocene-Quaternary sediments accompanied by widespread development of diapirs and mud volcanism. The major oil and gas reservoirs of the basin are considered Pliocene sandstones (Inan et al.1997; Nemcok et al, 2011 and Zeynalov, 2004). In spite of a long history of exploration works in the Lower Pliocene (Productive Series) within the Lower Kura basin, was not stripped anywhere. Only, in the southwestern flange of the basin, in the Mugan monocline, near zone of the pinching outs, some exploration wells had reached bottom of these deposits with considerable unconformities. All these mentioned facts show that Lower Kura Basin has complicated geologic structure and is characterized with different depositional environments. Because, generation, migration and accumulation processes of HC have specific character within Lower Kura basin. Regional 2D seismic and well data was utilized for this study and in this connection have been applied the Gocad and the PetroMod software for creating 3D structuralgeologic models of the Lower Kura Basin which allows evaluating character of geologic structure of the basin for the defining character of depositional environments of oil and gas bearing in the Pliocene strata. 3D structural- geologic modelling of the Pliocene sediments allowed to estimate and predict common and an effective thickness of Pliocene which enable to predict further exploration drilling for oil and gas within Lower Kura Basin. Keywords: Lower Kura basin, Structural-geologic modelling, Oil and gas 47 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of Mudstones within the upper Miocene Mustafapaşa Member of the Ürgüp Formation in the Cappadocia Region, Central Anatolia, Turkey Selahattin Kadir1, Tacit Külah1, Ali Gürel2, Muhsin Eren3, Nergis Önalgil1 1Eskisehir 2Niğde Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey University, Department of Geological Engineering, Niğde, Turkey 3Mersin University, Department of Geological Engineering, Mersin, Turkey In the Cappadocia region, the Upper Miocene Mustafapaşa member of the Ürgüp Formation consists predominantly of mudstones, also including sandstone and conglomerate lenses, and ignimbrite and basalt intercalations. The characteristics of mudstones of the Mustafapaşa member were examined using X-ray diffractometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and chemical and isotopic analyses. Weathering products of the ophiolitic and pyroclastic rocks were transported into the tectonic depressional zone, and then they were accumulated as fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The chemical index of weathering also suggests weathering of ophiolite and ignimbrite source rocks. The weathering is evidenced by smectite flakes in the mudstones associated with relict pyroxene, amphibole, feldspar and volcanic glass. The chemical composition of mudstones and their distribution suggest that the depressional zone was fed from the ophiolitic material in south and the ignimbrite in north. This interpretation is based on an increase in the quantity of feldspar and opal-CT and decrease of Fe2O3+MgO/Al2O3+SiO2 ratio from south to north in the study area. The relative increases in LREEs/HREEs, (La/Yb), Zr/Ni, Zr/Co ratios and in Nb, Ba, Rb, Sr, and Eu in the mudstones of the Mustafapaşa member northward with a positive Eu anomaly suggest that the Fe, Mg, Al and Si required for the formation of smectite were mainly supplied from fractionation of amphibole, pyroxene, feldspar and volcanic glass during weathering. Relative increase of K and Al in the pore water favoured dissolution of smectite flakes and authigenic precipitation of illite fibers under alkaline microenvironmental conditions during early diagenesis. Keywords: Smectite, Mudstone, Weathering, Ophiolite, Ignimbrite, Cappadocia, Turkey 48 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Palygorskite Formation within Quaternary Calcretes (Adana, Southern Turkey) Meryem Yeşilot Kaplan1, Muhsin Eren2, Selahattin Kadir3, Selim Kapur4, Jennifer Huggett5 1Mustafa Kemal University, Deptment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey 2Mersin University, Department of Geological Engineering, Mersin, Turkey 3Eskisehir 4Çukurova 5Natural Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey University, Departments of Soil Science and Archeometry, 01330 Adana, Turkey History Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, UK The study area is located in the northern part of the Adana Basin which is one of the major Neogene basins in the Taurid orogenic belt. Quaternary calcretes in this area are widespread on and/or within the Handere Formation (Messinian–Pliocene) and occur in a variety of forms including nodular, columnar/tubular, fracture-infill, and laminated hardpan. Some calcrete also occurs in the Pleistocene mudflow and alluvial terraces. Palygorskite associated with the calcrete forms in the columnar horizon and adjacent host-rock mudstones, suggesting a co-genetic formation. The widespread pedogenic occurrence of palygorskite represents the arid and semi-arid climatic zones of the globe. Palygorskite was characterised by its ideal diagnostic sharp basal reflection at 10.5 Å, which is not affected by ethylene-glycol solvation, and IR bands at 3618, 1427, 1032, 875, 798, 518 and 471 cm-1. Scanning and transmission electron microscope observations reveal development of palygorskite fibers on and between authigenic calcite crystals in calcretes also indicating an authigenic formation for palygorskite. The presence of the clay coatings in the calcrete features (columns, nodules and tubes) alongside the sheet-like fiber bundles and bridges of palygorskite between the calcite crystals are evidence of a vadose environment/zone. Palygorskite precipitated in this zone from rapidly evaporated alkaline water, rich in Si and Mg and low in Al and Fe, at elevated temperatures and at an advanced stage of calcrete formation. The development of palygorskite mainly on relict calcite crystals indicates its formation during or shortly after calcite formation in calcretes. Palygorskite fibers form on this calcite crystal surfaces as wedge-like clust Keywords: Authigenesis, Calcrete, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Palygorskite, Pedogenesis, Quaternary 49 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – C [Ths04]-Environmental Geology Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Acidic around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NWTurkey Water Sources Deniz Şanlıyüksel Yücel1, Alper Baba2 1Department of Geology Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey 2Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey Acid rock drainage (ARD) is one of the major sources of water pollution in some countries. Densely generation of ARD have been seen around Can Region (Biga Peninsula-NW Turkey) due to altered (silicification, argillic alteration) volcanic rocks which contain sulfide minerals and specially pyrite and there is inadequate availability of neutralizing carbonate minerals. Forty water samples (including 17 drilling, 5 drinking water, and 18 spring water) were collected from 2011 to 2012. The result show that pH of water samples is lower than 5 in most part of study area. Sulfate is the dominant anion and sodium-calcium is the dominant cation in all water samples. Total aluminium, iron and arsenic levels of water samples were as high as 32473, 5206 and 387 μg/L, respectively. Chemical analyses revealed that metals were exceeding the maximum allowable limits depicted in the national and international standards for drinking water quality. The results show that, ARD pose great risk on human health and environment. Such water should be treated for metal removal before using it for domestic applications. Keywords: Aluminium, Arsenic, Iron, Hydrogeochemistry, Water quality 50 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Monitoring of Acid Mine Lakes By Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Geographic Information System (GIS) Around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey Mehmet Ali Yücel1, Deniz Şanliyüksel Yücel1, Recep Yavuz Turan2, Alper Baba3 1Department of Geomatics Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey 2Department of Mechatronics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey 3Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey In the past three decades, a few small scale private enterprises have been operating around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey which is rich in lignite reserves. They have abandoned the operation land without providing any working of rehabilitation. during the operation of high sulfur content lignite, the topography have been damaged and this caused the large holes and deterioration in these areas. As a result of discharge of surface water the artificial lakes have been formed. In the course of the time, these lakes gain acidic character due to acid generation from pyrite oxidation. Significantly high acidity with low pH values ranging from 2.53 to 3.05 is recorded from AMLs. High iron and aluminium concentrations were found in all lakes, the maximum of which reached a level as high as 338.17 and 357.47 mg/L, respectively. AMLs are monitored regularly by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for a year. DJI F550 branded hexacopter is used as UAV. Photographic capturing processes are carried out at 50-100 height meter by 12 megapixel GoPro Hero3 digital camera. The images are linked with each other and referenced by iWitness software. UAV images are then combined to mosaicking method by ENVI software. These images are coordinated by Global Mapper software with the coordinates of ground control points in the field measured by GPS and the geographical referenced data are obtained. The images obtained periodically are transferred to ArcGIS software for digitizing, areal calculation and visualization processes. Areal change and shape of AMLs whose area are smaller than 0.3 km2 are determined. The results show that hydrogeochemical properties and areas of AMLs are affected by climatic conditions in a short interval of time. Keywords: Acid mine lake, Geographic Information System, Hydrogeochemistry, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 51 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Occurrence of Asbest and Relationship with Development of Potential Mesothelioma Cases in Eskişehir, Western Turkey Hülya Erkoyun1, Selahattin Kadir1 1Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, Eskişehir, Turkey Asbest deposit and occurrences are widespread in the Eskişehir region. Asbestos materials is hosted by Mesozoic metamorphic units comprising sericite schist, glaucophane schist and recrystallised limestone units that were tectonically overlain by Triassic ophiolitic rocks, such as serpentinised harzburgites, pyroxenites, gabbros and serpentinites. Texturally and micromorphologically, the development of tremolite and actinolite, the transformation of glaucophane and talc to tremolite-actinolite, and the chrysotile crystal in fracture of serpentinised ophiolitic units, accompanied by silicification, Fe-(oxyhyr)oxidation and chloritisation also support this suggestion. The chondrite-normalised pattern shows enrichment of LREE relative to HREE anomalies in both the metamorphics and ophiolites, which may be attributed to the concentration of LREE due to hydrothermal activities controlled by the tectonic and related serpentinisation of peridotite. The concentration of Ba, Sr, Rb and Zr in the metamorphic units and the negative Eu anomalies in talc schists may be related to the alteration of feldspar due to hydrothermal alteration process(es). The primitivemantle-normalised patterns show a decrease in the concentration of Sr, Ba, Rb, Nb, Pr, Zr, Y, possibly due to the increase of their mobilities during high pressure conditions of metamorphism. Eskişehir villagers are exposed to asbestous either occupationally or environmentally. Mesothelioma cases increase parallel to increases in tremolite and decrease with increases in chrysotile. Crystal dimention of tremolite and chrysotile may also be an important factor for the increase in the potential carcinogenic effect of tremolite as compared to that of chrysotile. Keywords: Asbestos, Amphibole, Tremolite, Actinolite, Serpentine, Chrysotile, Genesis, Carcinogene, Mesothelioma, Eskişehir 52 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – D [Ses05] - Mantle to surface dynamics in Anatolia Late Cretaceous-Miocene Sedimentary-Tectonic Development of the Arabian Continental Margin in SE Turkey (Adıyaman Region): Implications for the Construction of Anatolia Alastair Robertson1, Sarah J. Boulton2, Kemal Taslı3, Nurdan Inan3, Ayşegül Yıldız4, Nail Yıldırım5, Osman Parlak6 1School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 2Centre for Research in Earth Sciences, School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, UK 3Dept. of Geological Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey 4Department 5MTA of Geological Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey Malatya Bölge Müdürlüğü, Turkey 6Çukurova University, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Adana, Turkey Middle Cretaceous-Late Miocene sediments on the Arabian continental margin provide insights into sedimentary-tectonic processes affecting the S Neotethys prior to and during construction of Anatolia. Deposition began with Aptian-Early Campanian shelf carbonates, followed by deepening during Mid-Campanian. Lithoclastic-bioclastic turbidites accumulated along the down-faulted northern margin of the Arabian platform during the Campanian. A flexurally controlled foredeep developed in advance of emplacement onto Mesozoic allochthonous continental margin and oceanic rocks during latest Campanian-early Maastrichtian. Alluvial detritus was shed from the emplaced allochthon in shallow-marine to non-marine deltaic settings during latest Campanian-Early Maastrichtian. A marine transgression created a shallow-marine shelf during Mid-Maaastrichtian. During latest Maastrichtian, the platform submerged, initiating deeper-water hemipelagic sedimentation. Uplift occurred during the Palaeocene resulting in sediment instability, slumping and formation of high-density, subaqueous gravity flows. In response to regional faulting and tilting, some areas in the north and also in the southwest emerged during the Early-Middle Eocene generating alluvial fans. The inferred control of uplift was far-field compression related to suturing of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean. After relatively passive, shallowmarine to deeper-water open-shelf deposition during the Middle Eocene-Oligocene, the Arabian margin subsided strongly in the north to form an Early Miocene flexurally controlled foreland basin; this was finally over-ridden by the northerly, active continental margin of the S Neotethys during Early-Mid Miocene. Keywords: Tectonic-sedimentary development, Collision, Suturing, Anatolia 53 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone: a Myth? Nuretdin Kaymakci1, Arda Özacar1, Murat Özkaptan1, Ayten Koç1,2, Erhan Gülyüz1, Come Lefebvre3, Bora Uzel4, Cor Langereis2, Hasan Sözbilir4 1Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3Dept of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 4Department of Geological Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey Fethiye Burdur Fault Zone (FBFZ) is first proposed by Dumont et al. (1979) as a sinistral strike-slip fault zone as the NE continuation of Pliny-Strabo trench in to the Anatolian Block. The fault zone supposed to accommodate at least 100 km sinistral displacement between the Menderes Massif and the Beydağlari platform during the exhumation of the Menderes Massif, mainly during the late Miocene. Based on GPS velocities Barka and Reilinger (1997) proposed that the fault zone is still active and accommodates sinistral displacement. In order to test these scenarios and to unravel kinematic characteristics we have conducted a rigorous paleomagnetic and kinematic study in the region containing more than 3000 paleomagnetic samples collected from 88 locations distributed evenly all over SW Anatolia and more than 2000 fault slip data measured mainly along the FBFZ. The observed rotation senses and amounts are almost the same everywhere in SW Anatolia and there is no change in the rotations senses and amounts on either side of the FBFZ implying no differential rotation within the zone. Additionally, the slickenside pitches and constructed paleostress configurations along the FBFZ indicated that the faults within the FBFZ are mainly normal in character. The fault slip measurements are also consistent with earthquake focal mechanisms suggesting active extension in the region. Thus, there is no data to support strike-slip nature of the FBFZ since this zone is dominated mainly by extensional deformation unlike previously proposed transcurrent deformation. However, it may represent a deep structure that formed at the ancient northern track of the STEP fault that reflected to the surface as a wide extensional zone since the late Miocene possibly due to fast Aegean slab retreat towards south. This research is supported by TUBITAK - Grant Number 111Y239. Keywords: Fethiye Burdur Fault Zone, Paleomagnetism, Paleostress inversion, Strike-slip fault, SW Turkey 54 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Reconstructing the Paleotopography and Paleoenvironment of the Anatolian Plateau: An Integrated Approach Maud J.M. Meijers1, Andreas Mulch2, Tamás Mikes2, Nuretdin Kaymakci3, Gilles Y. Brocard4, Côme Lefebvre1, Murat Özkaptan3, Noah Keller1, Donna L. Whitney1 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 2Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre & Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany 3Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 4University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA Within the Continental Dynamics-Central Anatolian Tectonics framework we aim to determine the age of plateau uplift and paleoenvironmental conditions by integrating magnetostratigraphy and stable isotope geochemistry. Lacustrine sediments were sampled in the central Taurides (Ecemiş corridor and Ulukişla basin). Preliminary data from three sections of supposedly late Oligocene and upper Miocene-Pliocene age yield normal and reversed polarities and counter clockwise rotations. The paleomagnetic data will be supported by alternative age constraints. The late Oligocene section in the Ulukişla basin sampled within an alternation of red and gray clastics, marls and limestones partially remagnetized after tilting. Remagnetization is confined to the gray horizons that have a chemically different composition as revealed by x-ray fluorescence data, suggesting that remagnetization is controlled by rock composition. From all three sections we have δ18O and δ13C stable isotope data. Calculated fossil δ18Omw values of these latest Oligocene and upper Miocene-Pliocene sections are ~5‰ less negative than present-day meteoric waters (Schemmel et al. 2013) which is close topographically-controlled oxygen isotope fractionation of ~7-8‰ in modern rainfall along the Tauride plateau margin. This suggests that our new stable isotope data are consistent with the absence of Oligo-Miocene rainout along the Taurides and hence surface uplift that post-dates the deposition of the analyzed sections in the Ulukişla and Ecemiş basins. Additional sections have been sampled in southern Anatolia in order to correlate environmental records and uplift in different basins and over a larger geographic area. Keywords: Magnetostratigraphy, Stable isotope geochemistry, Plateau formation, Anatolia, Paleoenvironment, Latest Paleogene-Neogene 55 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Overview of the CD-CAT Project: Cenozoic Surface to Mantle Dynamics of Central Anatolia during the Transition from Subduction to Collision to Escape D.L. Whitney1, S. Beck2, M. Cosca3, G. Brocard4, N. Kaymakci5, G. Kuşcu6, C. Lefebvre1, M. Meijers1, a. Mulch7, A. Ozacar5, M. Reid8, B. Rojay5, L. Schoenbohm9, E. Sandvol10, B. Tank11, S. Thomson2, C. Teyssier1, N. Türkelli11, P. Umhoefer10 1Minnesota, 2Arizona USA USA 3USGS-Denver, 4Pennsylvania, 5METU, Turkey 6Muğla, Turkey 7Frankfurt, 8Northern 9Toronto, USA USA Germany Arizona, USA Canada 10Missouri, USA 11Boğaziçi, Turkey In Anatolia, the transition from subduction to collision to escape in response to AfricaEurasia convergence and Aegean extension is recorded by changes in deformation regime, magmatic and depositional systems, and topography. Throughout much of the Cenozoic, deformation was widespread within the Anatolian plate but in the past ~103 million years has been highly localized along its boundaries, the North and East Anatolian Fault Zones. Large sub-crustal seismic velocity gradients coincide with Neogene volcanic provinces and lithosphere-scale strike-slip faults such as the Central Anatolian Fault zone, and seismic tomography shows subducting oceanic plates at various stages of destruction (tear, break-off). Basins and associated faults record the transition from collision to escape, including marine to non-marine deposits that trace the history of landscape, drainage patterns, sediment dispersal, and paleoelevation; and evolving landforms that are affected by a network of strike-slip faults throughout the Central Anatolian Plateau and its bounding mountain ranges. An international, multi-disciplinary team is mid-way through a 5-year, US NSF-supported project titled “Continental Dynamics: Central Anatolia Tectonics (CD-CAT)” to investigate the processes and timescales affecting the surface, crust, and mantle as Anatolia evolved from subduction to escape. Keywords: Central Anatolia, collision, escape, subduction 56 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Structure of the Crust beneath Central Anatolia: Preliminary Analysis of Teleseismic Receiver Functions Bizhan Abgarmi1, A. Arda Özacar1, Jonathan Delph2, Susan L. Beck2, Eric Sandvol3, Niyazi Türkelli4, Doğan Kalafat5, Metin Kahraman4, Uğur Teoman4 1Geological Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA 3Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA 4Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Inst., Dept. of Geophysics, Boğaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey 5Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Inst., National Earthquake Monitoring Center, Istanbul, Turkey The role of continental collision, slab dynamics, Neogene volcanism and overprinting tectonic escape on the evolution of Central Anatolia is still under much debate. In order to shed light to this tectonic complexity, it is essential to understand the current crustal structure, rheology and deformation mechanisms. In this respect, receiver function method can be a powerful tool to image seismic discontinuities and depict the crustal structure that will aid us to generate a reliable tectonic model. In this study, we used teleseismic P waveforms of 54 earthquakes (Mw ≥ 5.5) recorded during 6 months (May-October 2013) by 59 broadband seismic stations of the Central Anatolian Tectonics (CAT) temporary seismic network and computed P wave receiver functions by applying time-domain deconvolution which utilizes an iterative cross-correlation approach. In order to have the full benefit of dense seismic array, we used common conversion point technique with constant Vp/Vs ratio to construct 2-D seismic discontinuity images along selected transects. Preliminary findings indicate rather sharp lateral variation on crustal structure / thickness across the major fault zones (Central Anatolian Fault Zone, East Anatolian Fault Zone) and display prominent midcrustal low velocity zones which correlate well with the volcanic centers of Central Anatolia. After the analysis of all the seismic data that will be recorded by CAT seismic network, we will be able to constrain the crustal Vp/Vs ratios, accurately map the crustal structure / thickness variations in the region and interpret them in relation to geology and tectonic evolution of the region. Keywords: Receiver functions, CAT, Seismic deployment, Crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio, Low velocity zone, Neogene volcanism, Central Anatolian Fault Zone, East Anatolian Fault 57 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey CAT Seismic Network: Preliminary Results & Implications on Central Anatolian Tectonics A. Arda Özacar1, Bizhan Abgarmi1, Jonathan Delph2, Susan L. Beck2, Eric Sandvol3, Niyazi Türkelli4, Doğan Kalafat5, Metin Kahraman4, Uğur Teoman4, Gülten Polat4 1Geological Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA 3Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA 4Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Inst., Dept. of Geophysics, Boğaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey 5Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Inst., National Earthquake Monitoring Center, Istanbul, Turkey Anatolian interior contains a long record of intraplate deformation and holds the key to understand the mantle-to-surface dynamics during the continental collision, slab break-off / tearing and lateral extrusion. The region is characterized by major lateral and vertical motions, voluminous Neogene volcanism and landscape reorganization that require a multidisciplinary approach. As a part of Central Anatolian Tectonics (CAT) project, a dense seismic array that consists of 70 broadband seismic stations is deployed temporarily in 2013. So far, 6 months of seismic record is processed and analyzed using a number of complementary seismic techniques. In the region, the distribution of identified local earthquakes indicated zones of localized seismic activity. Ambient noise tomography results obtained using stations of KOERI national seismic network along with new CAT data provided well-resolved seismic images of crustal velocity. Moreover, receiver function analysis conducted along selected transects revealed the seismic discontinuity structure of the crust where noticeable, rather sharp Moho variations and low velocity anomalies are detected in relation with major sutures / faults and Neogene volcanism. By the end of the deployment, the collected seismic data will provide us a unique opportunity to refine the present-day structure of lithosphere / mantle and nature of both the NeoTethys slab and African oceanic lithosphere originating from the Cyprean arc. Eventually, the integrated geophysical and geological research will allow us to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of Central Anatolia and shed light to the relative roles of isostatic and dynamic processes during the development of escape tectonics. Keywords: Passive seismic deployment, Continental dynamics, Tectonic evolution, Cyprus slab, Central Anatolia 58 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Receiver Function Analysis of Crustal Structure Beneath Western Anatolia Metin Kahraman1, Arda Özacar2, Niyazi Türkelli1 1Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Inst., Dept. of Geophysics, Boğaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey 2Geological Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Western Anatolia underwent distinct periods of tectonic deformation similar to Basin and Range Province in North America. The early phase is characterized by rapid exhumation of the Menderes Metamorphic Core Complex where deep crustal rocks are exposed at the surface in relation with low angle detachment faults. Late stretching of continental crust finally led to modern phase of graben formation along active high angle normal faults. In this study, we used teleseismic P waveforms recorded by 47 permanent and temporary broadband seismic stations of B.U. KOERI, DEMP, and Isparta Angle Seismic Experiment (Grand No:07T203). Totally, 3563, ~1 Hz high quality receiver functions obtained by applying iterative time-domain deconvolution. We performed a grid search using direct and multiple phases of the crust to estimate crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio beneath each station. Later, we applied the common conversion point method with our Vp/Vs estimates and constructed 2-D cross-sections and depth slices displaying crustal structure. According to our results, crustal thickness becomes gradually thinner from east to west but towards southeast displays a sharp change (Moho offset) that spatially correlates with the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone. In the region, crustal Vp/Vs ratio is low beneath the core complex, becomes higher at the edges and towards southeast suddenly increases reaching to maximum beneath city of Denizli where rich geothermal fields have been discovered. We have also identified crustal low velocity zones at different parts of the region but the most prominent one represented by the largest negative amplitudes is located at midcrustal depths beneath the central part of the core complex near Büyük Menderes Graben. Keywords: Receiver function, crustal thickness, Moho offset, Vp/Vs ratio, low velocity zone 59 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Tuesday, 14 October 2014 HALL – D [Ses05] - Mantle to surface dynamics in Anatolia Large Block Rotations Around the Intersection of the IzmirAnkara and Intra-Tauride Suture Zones in Turkey Murat Özkaptan1, Erhan Gülyüz1, Nuretdin Kaymakci1, Cornelis G. Langereis2, Come Lefebvre3, Arda A. Özacar1, 1Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Izmir-Ankara and Intra-Tauride Suture Zones intersect around the Haymana-Tuzgölü and Çankir basin complexes which have been developed contemporaneously by the end of Cretaceous. Tuzgölü and Çankiri basins are underlain mainly by the ophiolitic mélange units in the northwestern and northern parts while Haymana basin is underlain by ophiolitic mélange and units belonging to the Sakarya Continent in places, except for Eocene configuration of the Haymana Basin which also rests on the units related to Tauride block. This indicates that these basins share common basements during the Eocene while their Late Cretaceous to (possibly) Paleocene configurations was differing. This implies that subduction of the Neotethys completed prior to Eocene. Two major structural trends, E-W and NW-SE to NE-SW, characterizes the southern and northern parts of the Haymana basin while the northern part of the Tuzgölü basin is characterized by NW-SE to NNE-SSW trend that change from south to north and the rim of the Çankiri Basin resembles to Omega shape. We have conducted a very detailed gravity inversion study in order to determine the three dimensional geometry of the basins and the suture zone in the region, in addition to a rigorous paleomagnetic study to unravel the mechanism by which such complex structural grain of the region has been developed. The paleomagnetic results have shown that the region underwent strong clockwise and counter clockwise rotations up to 90° in places resulting the present geometry of the suture zone. The restored orientations based on new paleomagnetic data indicate that these basins were initially oriented N-S mainly prior to Eocene. This is one of the most important outcomes of this study, since the Izmir-Ankara Suture zone and these basins have always been considered as E-W striking in the literature and all palaeographic models were based on this assumption. This implies that the paleogeographical maps and models of the region require major re-thinking and revisions. Keywords: Paleomagnetism, Haymana basin, Çankiri basin, Tuzgölü basin, Block rotations, Central Turkey 60 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thermo-Chronometric Characteristics and Haymana Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey) Evolution of the Erhan Gülyüz1, Murat Özkaptan1, Nuretdin Kaymakci1, Finlay M. Stuart3, Cristina Persano2 1Department 2School of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building University of Glasgow, UK 3Isotope Geosciences Unit, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, UK The Haymana basin is located on the southernmost tip of the Central Pontides and straddles the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone (IAESZ) in the north and IntraTauride Suture Zone (ITSZ) in the south. These two suture zones demarcate the former positions of various branches of the Neotethys Ocean in Turkey. The basins developed within these zones record the progressive closure of the Neotethys and the collision of the Tauride and Kırşehir blocks (KB) with Pontides during late Cretaceous to Eocene interval. Owing to almost complete Late Cretaceous to Eocene stratigraphy, the Haymana basin is one of the key areas to unravel terminal phase of subduction of the Neotethys and collision of intervening continental blocks. In addition to Neogene cover units, four Late Cretaceous to Paleogene key sequences were determined in the basin based on their depositional environments and facies associations. These sequences grade laterally and vertically into each other and are continuous from the Late Cretaceous to Eocene. Late Cretaceous sequences fine upwards whereas the younger (mainly Paleogene) units tends to be coarsening and shallowing upwards, which reflects the transition from deeper marine shallow marine conditions as the basin evolves possibly from fore-arc to foreland settings following the terminal subduction of Neotethys at the end of Cretaceous. Thermochronometric samples collected from the basin infill were analyzed in order to unravel the thermal and exhumation history of the basin by using Apatite-Helium (AHe) dating techniques. AHe dating of 28 apatite grains from 5 sandstone samples gave pooled cooling ages between 14-28 Ma and their distribution along balanced sections indicates younger ages generally at the northern (proximal) parts of the basin indicating contraction and uplift started at the south and gradually migrated northwards. According to our new fault kinematic analysis and constructed balanced cross-sections, the basin was subjected to NE-SW directed compression (shortening) and coeval E-W extension and large vertical axes rotations during the late Cretaceous to Neogene. We propose that the Haymana basin was initially a fore-arc basin during the Late Cretaceous and gradually evolved into a foreland basin in front of a south-vergent fold and thrust belt developed during the northwards movements of Tauride and Kırşehir blocks. Keywords: Thermo-chronometric 61 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Evolution of River Drainage and River Incision during the Uplift of the Central Anatolian Plateau Gilles Brocard1, Maud Meijers2, Jane Willenbring1, Donna L. Whitney2, Nuretdin Kaymakci3 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA 2University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 3Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Central Anatolia has experienced dramatic topographic changes since the entrance of the Arabian continental crust into the subduction zone c. 25-30 m.y. ago. Central Anatolia experienced first widespread rock uplift and erosion in the Late Oligocene, followed by a regionally widespread transgression that accompanied wholesale foundering of the topography in the Early Miocene. Conglomerates filling deeply incised valleys fossilized an extremely dissected topography and help reconstruct the Early Miocene drainage. This orogen was levelled by the end of the Middle Miocene. Plateau uplift initiated 11 Ma ago in Eastern Anatolia. A pulse of uplift and contraction characterize Central Anatolia at that time and marked the beginning of topographic differentiation along the southern plateau margin. The through-going drainage network inherited from the Miocene disintegrated, allowing for the formation of a vast zone of inward drainage north of the Taurides. The existence of this already inwarddraining area delayed plateau dissection during subsequent uplift of the plateau interior. Escape tectonics developed stepwise, first south of the Taurides, where the shift from contraction to transtension is coeval with, and likely triggered by, the Messinian Salinity Crisis. North of the Taurides, escape tectonics kicked in suddenly 3 Ma ago along the Central Anatolian Fault Zone. It triggered reconnection of the inward-drainage to all surrounding sediment sinks (Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Persian Gulf). We investigate the mechanisms of reintegration of this river drainage and discuss the respective roles played by plateau uplift and escape tectonics. We also analyze the consequences of this reconnection on the dissection of its margins. Keywords: Central Anatolia, Plateau uplift, River drainage 62 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Structural and Geochronological Evidences for Reburial of the Niğde Massif in Context of Arabia-Eurasia Collision Côme Lefebvre1, Paul J. Umhoefer2, Stuart N. Thomson3, Donna L. Whitney1, Christian Teyssier1, Maud J. M. Meijers , Michael A. Cosca4, Lauren Idleman1 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 2Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA 4US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, USA Located along the Ecemis fault zone, the metamorphic and magmatic Niğde Massif experienced a complex tectonic and thermal history involving crustal scale vertical motion starting with initial metamorphism and exhumation in the Late Cretaceous. Recent studies evidenced that the highly deformed eastern margin of the crystalline complex and its overlying Paleogene (meta) sediments experienced reburial to a depth of ~10 km at 30 ± 5 Ma, however the actual structures accommodating this dynamic are not well defined. In this context we investigate the deformation at the transition between the basement and its overlying deposits along a NW-SE transect to the Ecemis corridor. Structural analysis were performed along two main NE-SW to NNE-SSW oriented thrust slices present through the transect. Kinematic indicators (slickenlines and mineral lineation from marble mylonitic shear bands) suggest a top-to-the NE displacement (presentday orientation) along the thrust faults. The structurally higher fault taking place within the sedimentary succession accounts for the resetting of detrital apatite fission track and AHe ages in the basin rocks as well as metamorphic apatite near the margin of the massif. The structurally deeper one cuts through the metamorphic basement and explains why mineral lineations and metamorphic assemblages from the eastern margin are so different and spatially disorganized relative to the core of the massif. Compiled with existing low-temperature thermochronological data, we here report new apatite fission-track and (U-Th)/He data from above and below the basement lower thrust recording final exhumation and cooling at ~15-20 Ma. Keywords: Burial, Exhumation, Thrust system, Ecemis fault, Collision Petrography and Geochemistry of Scoria Cones within Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field (EMF), Central Anatolia (Turkey) Göksu Uslular1, Gonca Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu1, Mary R. Reid2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Geological Engineering, Muğla, Turkey 2Northern Arizona University, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, USA Cappadocian Volcanic Province (CVP) comprises five clusters of the monogenetic cones from west to east, Karapınar, Karacadağ-Hasandağ (hereafter Eğrikuyu), Keçiboyduran-Melendiz, Derinkuyu-Acıgöl and Erciyes. Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field (EMF) in the southwestern part of Hasandağ stratovolcano contains 104 scoria cones and several maars. Scoria and lavas from these cones are primarily olivine-basalts (44.19-51.27 wt% SiO2, and 7.38-11.49 wt% MgO) containing phenocrysts of olivine, plagioclase, and pyroxene. Most basaltic lava flows related to scoria cones are transitional (ol-hy normative). However mildly alkaline (<5% ne normative) ones are also found. EMF lavas petrographically display skeletal crystals indicative of rapid cooling, and a geochemistry characterized by not only high LILE, low HFSE abundances, and negative Nb–Ta and Ti anomalies, but also positive P anomalies in mantle-normalized patterns. However, EMF lava flows have higher and variable Ba/Ta, Ba/Nb, Nb/Zr, Ba/TiO2 ratios than the other monogenetic fields in CVP, and may have a sub-continental lithospheric mantle source enriched in incompatible elements with regard to previous subduction processes. This research is supported by Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University BAP project-grant number 13-95. Keywords: Monogenetic volcano, Scoria cone, Monogenetic Field, Cappadocian Volcanic Province 63 Transitional-mildly-alkaline, Eğrikuyu The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Garnet Pyroxenite Xenoliths as Recorders Magmatism at the Margins of the Levant Basin of Recurring Yaron Katzir1, Jonathan Kaminchik1, Amit Segev2, Janne Blichert-Toft3, John W. Valley4, Michael J. Spicuzza4 1Ben Gurion University of the Negev,Israel 2Geological 3Ecole Survey of Israel, Israel Normale Superiere de Lyon, France 4University of Wisconsin, USA The Cretaceous within-plate magmatism of the Levant ended with underwater eruptions of alkaline basaltic tuff (97-82 Ma) at the edge of the Arabian continental shelf in Mt. Carmel, northern coastal Israel. The pyroclastic horizons contain a suite of garnet clinopyroxenite xenoliths, otherwise rare across the Arabian plate. Clinopyroxenites of magmatic and metamorphic textures include pyrope-rich garnet, augite and spinel. Kelyphitic rims of micron-sized orthopyroxene, anorthite and spinel are chemically identical to the parent garnet. The coexistence of garnet and spinel indicates crystallization at T = 1100-1200°C, P = 13-15 Kb. Modelling of REE contents shows that the pyroxenites could not have formed as residues after melting of subducted mafic rocks, but rather as cumulates by 1% fractional crystallization of OIB- like melts. Oxygen isotope ratios are within the mantle range [δ 18O Grt = 5.31 ±0.22‰; δ18O Cpx = 5.18±0.34‰] and also indicate pure mantle origin with no crustal contribution to the source. Nd and Hf isotope ratios plot on the evolution line of the Arabian sub-continental lithospheric mantle considered to form by a late Neoproterozoic asthenosphere plume head. Nonetheless Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf whole rock isochron ages are 306±8 and 197±13 Ma, respectively, and may represent heating and/or metamorphism. The Carmel garnet pyroxenites crystallized from OIB-type melts in the uppermost mantle prior or during early Mesozoic rifting. Some recrystallized due to later metamorphism. Prior to entrapment by ascending magma the pyroxenites decompressed to lower crustal conditions and were partially granulitized. Garnet pyroxenites record recurring episodes of extension and magmatism along the Arabian rifted margins. Keywords: Garnet clinopyroxenite, Levant, Arabian plate, Mt. Carmel, xenoliths 64 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Timing of Rifting-Related Magmatism in the Levant Margins: U-Pb Dating of Zircons from Deep Boreholes in the Coastal Plain of Israel Tzahi Golan1, Yaron Katzir1, Matthew A. Coble2 1Ben-Gurion 2Stanford University of the Negev, Israel University, USA The Levant basin, at the easternmost Mediterranean, formed during the opening of the NeoTethys. Whereas other Tethyan basins were later consumed during Alpine orogenesis, the Levant basin preserves its early history recorded by rifting-related subsidence and magmatism. While the Permian to Jurassic subsurface extensional structure along the Levant SE margins (coastal Israel) was reconstructed in detail, the scope and timing of igneous activity are not well known. A 2.5 km thick, mostly basaltic sequence, penetrated by the Atlit-1A borehole and named 'Asher Volcanics', was shown to accumulate within a deeply buried faultbounded NNE trending basin. Previous K-Ar and Ar-Ar dating and biostratigraphic considerations constrained the age of Asher Volcanics and consequently the activation of a Tethyan rift in the Levant to early to middle Jurassic times. Rock cuttings of the topmost ~500 m of Asher Volcanics were recently recovered from the Elijah-3 borehole, 2 km SE of Atlit-1A, and are first studied and dated here. The volcanostratigraphy of Asher Volcanics in Elijah-3 borehole includes from bottom to top: (1) seriate plagioclase basalt, (2) olivine basalt and (3) dolerite. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from base keratophyres (Atlit-1A; n=2) and top basalts (Elijah-3; n= 30) indicates that the Asher Volcanics erupted in a relatively short time interval in the latest Triassic (206 to 204 Ma). Other rift-related volcanic sequences, the Dhiarizos group of the Mamonia complex, SW Cyprus and the Gödene zone of the Antalya complex, S Turkey, are of similar age. Based on this age correlation a palaeogeographic reconstruction of the precursor rift of the Eastern Mediterranean basin is suggested. Keywords: Zircon, rifting, Levant, late Triassic, Israel 65 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Wednesday, 15 October 2014 HALL – B [SeS09] - Eastern Mediterranean Marine and Lake Paleoclimate Records The Impact of the Changing Coastline on the Harbors in Bodrum and Datça Peninsulas, and the Examples of Bodrum (Halikarnassos), Aspat (Strobilos), Datça (Stadia), Tekirburnu (Knidos) T. Levent Erel1, Betül Batir1, Z. Bora Ön2 1Istanbul 2Muğla University, Istanbul, Turkey University, Turkey Bodrum and Datça towns, which lie within the borders of Muğla, are located towards the Southern end of the Bodrum and Datça peninsulas. Settlements and harbors in both towns are concentrated towards the South with the main purpose of avoiding dominant northerly winds. The human impact on the coastline of Bodrum is observable from 370 BC onwards when Halicarnassos (Bodrum) became the capital of Karia. Harbor structures, the shipyard, and the mausoleum are some examples to this human impact. Aspat was a strategically important castle/harbor located on the Western part of the Bodrum peninsula. The materials carried by the floods have narrowed and shallowed the harbor in the recent centuries. The Datça peninsula marks the boundary of Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Abandoned harbors are scattered on both sides of the Datça-Körmen depression. The stadia is located on the Eastern part of Datça. Knidos is located on the tombolo of Deveburnu island and the surrounding cliffs which lie on the western end of the Datça peninsula. There are two harbors adjacent to the tombolo. Despite the shallow bays, the ships were able to enter the bays during antiquity. C.W. Newton (1863) states that Zefiria was once an island, whereas Strabo states that Knidos was located both on an island and a peninsula. Volcanism, tectonic uplift, tsunamis, floods and urbanization are the main reasons for the changes on the coasts. In this presentation, maps will be presented for different eras, along with supporting visual data, and the reasons and consequences of changes in the coastline, and reasons which led to the abandonment of the harbors will be discussed. Keywords: Changing coastlines, Bodrum-Datça, Harbors, Halikarnassos, Strobilos, Stadia, Knidos 66 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 70 Ka Old Paleoclimatic, Paleoceanographic and Tephra Records from the Sea of Marmara M. Namık Çağatay1, Sabina Wulf2, Sena Akçer-Ön3, Aslı Laurence Vidal6, Pierre Henry6, Luca Gasperini7 1Istanbul 2GFZ Özmaral1,4, François Guichard5, Technical University-EMCOL, Turkey Potsdam, Germany 3Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey 4University 5CNRM of Bremen, Germany -GAME (URA CNRS & Météo-France) GMME/MOANA, France 6CEREGE, 7ISMAR, France Italy The continuous sedimentary record in Core MD01-2430 covering the last ca 70 ka shows only one lacustrine-marine transition at ~ 12.6 cal ka BP, which indicates that the Sea of Marmara was under lacustrine conditions disconnected from the Mediterranean Sea from the beginning of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 to the late MIS2. This implies that the sill depth of the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles) was shallower than the present-day sill depth of -65 m during MIS3 and MIS4, preventing the entry of Mediterranean waters. Soon after the reconnection, the Marmara sapropel started depositing under dysoxic-suboxic conditions. The high Ca concentrations in the Marmara sedimentary sequence corresponding to high organic productivity correlate very closely with the Greenland Intertadials recorded in NGRIP oxygen isotope and the Black Sea Ca data sets. The two partly overlapping Ca peaks in the SoM record corresponding to ~12.6 cal ka BP and cal 14.5 ka BP represent the authigenic carbonate deposition that resulted from the mixing of lacustrine Marmara and saline Mediterranean waters during the latest marine reconnection and the Greenland Interstadial-1 (GI-1) high productivity period, respectively. The 70 ka old Marmara sedimentary sequence includes three tephra units, which from top to bottom are correlated with Vesuvius Avellino Pumice, Santorini Cape Riva (Y-2) and Campanian Ignimbrite which have been previously dated at 3.9 cal. ka BP, 21.95 cal. ka BP and 39.3 ka, respectively. Keywords: Sea of Marmara, Late Pleistocene - Holocene, Paleoclimate, Paleoceanograpgy, tephra 67 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Pleistocene-Holocene Paleo-Climate and Record of Lake Hazar, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey Sedimentation Kürşad Kadir Eriş1, Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan1, Sena Akçer Ön2, Demet Biltekin3, Emre Damci3, Umut Bariş Ülgen3, Dursun Acar3 1Firat University, Turkey 2Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Turkey 3ITÜ-EMCOL, Turkey The Lake Hazar basin is one of the well-developed strike-slip basin located on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) that is a left-lateral strike-slip fault trending NE-SW between Karliova and Karataş in Eastern Turkey. Lake Hazar is very sensitive to climate changes, which are driven by the position of the atmospheric jet stream and the northern extension of the subtropical high pressure belt. High-resolution seismic and core data in this study have enabled a precise correlation between seismic units and core sediments, on which basis it was possible to establish an accurate chronology of the sedimentary successions in Lake Hazar. The sedimentary sequences of the lake infill in our seismic and core data cover the time period from Late Pleistocene to Holocene that was deposited under the influence of by lake level changes and tectonic evaluation of EAFZ. Subdivision of the lake infill in the seismic and cores into subunits reveals different subenvironments, each subject to a distinctive hydrological and sedimentological processes due to paleo-climatic changes. Such remarkable climatic changes are sensitively recorded in the core sediments and determined by using multi-proxy analyses. An abrupt climatic shift at the transition from MIS-3 to MIS-2 is recorded in seismic profiles by formation of progradational unit below −80 m on the shelves of the lake that implies diminished river runoff and consequent of water level decrease. The continued lake level drop was modulated by formation of −93 m paleo-terrace, and then attained its maximum lowstand at −105 m due to cold and dry climate at the onset of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The initiation of the Bølling/Allerød interstadial is documented by multi-proxy analyses Keywords: Lake Hazar, Pleistocene-Holocene, Paleo-climate, Core sediment 68 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey “A Tale of two Maars”: Comparing Lake Sediment Records of Climate Change for the Last 14 Ka BP from Cappadocia, Turkey Neil Roberts1, Jonathan Dean2, Samantha Allcock3, Warren Eastwood4, Matthew Jones5, Jessie Woodbridge1, Hakan Yiğitbaşioğlu6 1Plymouth 2NERC University, UK Isotope Geosciences Facilities, UK 3Bournemouth 4Birmingham 5Nottingham 6Ankara University, UK University, UK University, UK University, Turkey Lake sediments are excellent archives of long-term environmental change, but without inter-site replication, local factors cannot always be separated from those of wider significance (e.g. climate). Here we compare records from two volcanic maars located 25 km apart in central Anatolia. Eski Acigöl is now dry, but contains a ~20m record of limnic sediments laid down since the Last Glacial Maximum. They are continuously laminated below 6.4 m, and offer a highly-resolved record of environmental change during the late Pleistocene-early Holocene climatic transition (Roberts et al. 2001, The Holocene 11, 721-36). Nar lake is larger and has varves forming today, allowing a detailed analysis of Late Holocene environmental changes (Jones et al 2006 Geology 34, 361-64; England et al 2008 The Holocene 18, 1229-45; Woodbridge & Roberts, 2011 Quat. Sci. Rev. 30, 3381-92 ; Dean et al 2013 Quat. Sci. Rev. 66, 35–44). Long (~22m) cores from Nar were taken in 2010, >80% of which are laminated, spanning the last 14 ka. The rank order of limno-geological proxies between the two lake records is δ18O (most similar), pollen, authigenic mineralogy/geochemistry, δ13C, lithostratigraphy (e.g. varves), microcharcoals, diatoms and allogenic mineralogy/geochemistry (least similar). Site-specific non-climatic controls include a long-term trend towards basin infilling and lake shallowing at Eski Acigöl, and active catchment erosion into Nar lake which has been accelerated anthropogenically. The common climatic signal between the two lakes indicates low water levels and aridity during the Younger Dryas and Bronze/early Iron Ages (4.2-2.6 ka BP), with wettest conditions during the Late Glacial interstadial and again in the early Holocene. Keywords: Lake sediments, Turkey, Holocene, Late Glacial, Climate change, Replication 69 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Evaluation of Paleoclimate Conditions Based on Temporal Stable Isotope Analyses of Stalagmite: Yelini Cave (Günyüzü, EskişehirTurkey) Gizem Erkan1, C. Serdar Bayari1 1Hacettepe University Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey Textural, structural characteristics as well as the chemical and isotopic contents of stalagmites include information about past climate conditions. a stalagmite obtained from Yelini Cave (Eskişehir, Günyüzü) has been studied to determine the past environmental changes by using the oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotope signals derived along the growth axis. The oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotope profiles have the same signal trends. An age model based on 230Th age data obtained from four points on stalagmite was used to spatial variation of stable isotope signal. The age model of 131 mm long stalagmite reveals a growth period between AD 1295-1875 years. The stalagmite has been studied for 18O and 13C stable isotope data collected through the growth axis at 0.5 mm resolution. Compared to recent conditions, relatively cooler conditions were recorded between ~ AD 1300-1430 years whereas, relatively warmer conditions were recorded between AD 1430-1660 years based on more negative oxygen-18 values. Relatively more positive isotope values between AD 1660-1700 years are followed by more negative values after AD 1700 year. Stalagmite growth interval contains Little Ice Age (LIA, AD 1550-1850) period. Accordingly, more positive oxygen-18 values recorded in the stalagmite between AD 1660-1700 years are likely to be associated with LIA. Average δ13C signal of the sample suggests that a C3 vegetation has been dominant above the cave which is a consequence of humid conditions. The isotope signal of the stalagmite agrees with Ottoman archive records. The warming and cooling periods in the sample indicates the the timing of severe winter, snow, drought and flood events during the period AD 1400-1800 years. Keywords: Stable isotope, Paleoclimate, Yelini Cave 70 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Wednesday, 15 October 2014 HALL – B [ThS14] – Geophysics Relationship between Peak Period and Vs Values: Case Study of İzmir New City Center Mustafa Akgün1, Zafer Akçiğ1, Rahmi Pinar1, Oya Pamukçu1, Mehmet Utku1, Şenol Özyalin1, Tolga Gönenç1, Özer Akdemir1, Aykut Tunçel1, Özkan Cevdet Özdağ2, Eren Pamuk1 1Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geophysics Engineering, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences,Turkey Soil class and peak period values are very important in planning of earthquake resistant buildings. The peak period values of the ground, where the buildings will be constructed, must be convenient with the Eurocode 8 and TDY 2007 regulations. However, the dominant soil class of the Izmir Metropolitan area was determined as S1-S2 in Eurocode 8 and peakperiod values greater than 1 sec which was obtained by the project entitled “Ground modelling of the seismic behavior of the Aliağa and Menemen in Izmir Metropolitan Area for design” 1007 the TUBITAK public project. This means that the values of the longest period, which is defined in Eurocode 8 and TDY 2007 regulations, are insufficient. Therefore new long wavelength spectrum values must be defined for the Izmir Metropolitan area, where the new skyscrapers will be constructed. Keywords: Peak Period, Vs30, Soil response spectrum, Earthquake Resistance Structure Stable Estimation of Earthquake Damage by using Nakamura's Vulnerability Index: The Case Study at the Southern Part of Izmir Yaprak Ipek1, Özkan Cevdet Özdağ2, Mustafa Akgün1, Eren Pamuk1 1Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geophysics Engineering, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Turkey The structure of the earthquake will affect how and in what manner, the structure of the soil properties on which they are related. Nowadays, even if done a lot of work is not possible to predict earthquakes. However, without the occurrence of earthquakes on the ground will create an impact on how the front predictable. This effect can be estimated preliminary engineering bedrock layer between the ground surface in order to know the physical properties of this effect is possible with all the data in the host. The data obtained from the method of Nakamura microtremor all this effect within the host. This study applied at a southern part of Izmir Gulf with the Nakamura’s damage index parameter (Vulnerability) which calculated by single point microtremor measurements was examined. Keywords: Microtremor, Vulnerability, Engineering Bedrock 71 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Multi-Approach Geophysical Investigations for Obtaining More Reliable and Accurate Soil Transfer Function Eren Pamuk1, Özkan Cevdet Özdağ2, Mustafa Akgün1, Şenol Özyalin1 1Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geophysics Engineering, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Turkey Shear wave velocity profiles are very important input parameters for geotechnical earthquake analysis and soil transfer function (STF). For this purpose 30 m soil profiles should be determined. However, when the soil thicknesses are great, the determination of shear wave velocities of soil are important up to the seismological bedrock (Vs>1500 m/s). Surface waves methods (MASW, ReMi and MSPAC) have been used with the aim of obtaining phase velocity dispersion curves and velocity structure. In addition, it is well known that soil parameters (Vs, densitiy, thickness and attenuation coefficients), which are related to soil and engineering bedrock, are used for theoretical STF. The STFs are directly involved in the interface characteristics of bedrock and sediment units and these functions determine how each frequency in the bedrock input motion is amplified, or de-amplified by the soil deposit. Aims of this study (1) to combine dispersion curves obtained by these methods for apparent dispersion curve in order to achieve a reliable Vs profile (2) to compare fitting between observed STF and theoretical STF for reliable and accurate STF. The Nakamura technique has been carried out to estimate the observed STF. Also the theoretical STFs are identified based on 1D ground model which is obtained by using surface wave methods. For these purposes, geophysical investigations were carried out in some parts of Izmir Bay surroundings. The results of this study show that all of these methods should be utilized for the best fitting between calculated and observed STFs. As a conclusion, it is necessary to take into consideration information of soil profiles which is up to bedrock for reliable and accurate STF. Keywords: Soil Transfer Function, MASW, MSPAC, Bedrock 72 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey [Ths28]-Geological Heritage, Geoarcheology, Gemstone Cappadocian “Fairy Chimneys” and Rupestrian Churches: A Geological Heritage to Preserve Gino Mirocle Crisci1, Mauro Francesco La Russa1, Natalia Rovella1, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo1, Maria Andaloro2, Claudia Pelosi2, Paola Pogliani2, Anna Arcudi1 1Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy 2Department of Sciences of Cultural Heritage, University of Tuscia, Italy The uniqueness of Cappadocia (Turkey) is related to the weathering of the MiocenePliocene ignimbrites changed in earth pyramids known as “fairy chimneys”. They were carved by ancient populations and transformed in dwellings or Rupestrian churches with precious wall paintings. Unfortunately, the processes that produced these structures now threaten their conservation. Therefore an innovative approach is necessary to identify the most suitable methods of conservation. The study areas are located in the Göreme Open Air Museum and in Şahinefendi village where respectively, Tokali and Forty Martyrs are considered representative Rupestrian churches. The study of the minero-petrographic features of the ignimbrites, where these churches were carved suggests that a consolidation intervention is needed to slowdown the weathering processes affecting the rocks. The goal of this paper is to test nanosilica that is compatible with the rocks composition, to evaluate its effectiveness in laboratory and in situ. First, the treated rock samples were subjected to colorimetric, peeling and point load tests. After laboratory analysis, the treatments were applied as consolidant nearby the Tokali and Forty Martyrs churches. Colorimetric and peeling tests revealed products behaviour. The application was carried out inside and outside the churches, choosing modalities and areas on the basis of their surface degradation, exposition to atmospheric agents and solar exposure to evaluate the products performance. The work demonstrated the influence of these factors on the consolidant efficiency of the products suggesting a functional strategy for a conservative intervention suitable to Cappadocian Rupestrian churches carved in the ignimbrite. Keywords: Cappadocia, Consolidation, Degradation, Ignimbrite 73 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Mineralogical and Gemmological Investigations on Ancient Gemstones in the Caria Region (Muğla) and their Relations with Rocks and Minerals Outcropping in the Region Evrim Çoban1, Cahit Helvaci2, Murat Hatipoğlu3 1Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Jewellery and Design Programme, Muğla, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Geological Engineering, Izmir, Turkey 3Dokuz Eylül University, Gemmology and Jewellery Programme, Izmir, Turkey Caria area, extending over the Southern Aegean Region between Büyük Menderes River and Dalaman Stream, covers Muğla, southern Aydin and western Denizli territories today. The main goal of this paper with an archaeo-gemmological approach is to compare the gemstones currently outcropping in this region with the gemological materials (gemstones and jewelleries with gemstones) used by the Carian civilization, which reigned in this region since approximately 1100 B.C. until 545 A.D. In order to find out which types of today’s gemstones did Carians use in the Carian region, single gemstones and jewelleries with gemstones, which are not yet exhibited and being currently stored in the stores of Milas Museum and Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology where antiquities outcropping in Caria region are kept, have been examined scientifically for the first time and an inventory of these gemological stones has been created. However, from among those gemstone types which are likely to be outcropping in Caria regions, only the antique types that are made of smoky quartz have been found. Besides, onyx, sard and sardonyx types estimated to be brought from Lydia, karnelien gemstones estimated to be brought from India and Yemen regions and a great number of glass and ceramic gemstone materials have been found as well. When today’s gemstone deposits are taken into consideration, we may say there are 4 different groups of gemstone in the area of Caria region. These are diaspore (Milas/Muğla region), smoky and colorless crystal quartz (Koçarli-Çine-Karacasu/Aydin region), almandine and pyrope garnets (Çine/Aydin region) and adularia feldspar (Çine/Aydin region). As a result of geographical researches, it has been revealed that diaspore is being deposited within marbles while the others are being deposited within gneiss and schists. Keywords: Archaeological and Gemological research, Milas Museum, Bodrum museum of Underwater Archaeology, Gemologic materials of the Carian civilization 74 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Wednesday, 15 October 2014 HALL – C [SeS12] – The role of paleo-archeo-seismology in the constraint of crustal deformation Earthquake Sedimentary Records in the Lake Sapanca (NW Anatolia) and their Relations with Earthquake Parameters Burak Yalamaz1, M. Namik Çağatay1, Dursun Acar2, Emin Güngör3, L. Nurdan. Güngör3, Emin Demirbağ4, Levent Gülen5 1EMCOL and Department of Geologcical Engineering ITÜ Faculty of Mines, Istanbul, Turkey 2EMCOL and Institute of Marine Science and Management Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 3TAEK Çekmece Nuclear Research Centre, Istanbul, Turkey 4Departmant of Geophysical Engineering ITÜ Faculty of Mines, Istanbul, Turkey 5Department of Geophysical Engineering Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey Sapanca Lake, with a maximum depth of 55 m and a surface area of 46.8 km2 measuring 16 km in E-S and 5 km in N-S directions, is a pull apart basin located along the North Anatolian Fault. We have carried out a systematic study of the sedimentological, physical and geochemical properties of three water-sediment interface cores, up to 75.7 cm long and cover the last 250 years, located along depth transects ranging from 43 to 51.7 m water depth. The cores were analyzed using Geotek Multi Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) for physical properties, laser particle size analyser for granulometry, TOC Analyzer for Total Organic Content (TOC) and Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC) analysis, Itrax-XRF Core Scanner for elemental analysis and digital X-RAY Radiography. The geochronology was established using AMS radiocarbon and radionuclide methods. The earthquake records in Lake Sapanca are represented by mass flow deposits accumulated in the form of Turbidite-Homogenite (TH) units, which are correlated with 1999 Düzce and Izmit Earthquakes (Mw=7.4 and 7.2, respectively), 1967 Mudurnu Earthquake (Mw=6.8), 1957 Abant Earthquake (Mw=7.1), 1943 Hendek Earthquake (Mw=6.6), 1894 East Marmara Earthquake (Mw=6.7), 1878 Esme Earthquake (Mw=6.7), and 1754 Izmit Earthquake (Mw=6.8). The relations between earthquake parameters (magnitude, distance from epicentre, focal depth) and massflow parameters (thickness, sedimentary structure, grain size, composition) are discussed. Keywords: Lake Sapanca, North Anatolian Fault, Earthquake records, Earthquake parameters, Mass flow unit, Sediment parameters 75 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Constraints on Earthquake Slip Velocity Using an Archaeoseismic Model of the Ateret Fortress on the Dead Sea Transform Fault Klaus-G. Hinzen1, Roman Kovalev2, Shmuel Marco3, Gregor Schweppe1 1Cologne University, Germany 2Computational 3Tel Mechanics Ltd., Russia Aviv University, Israel Five consecutive slip events have been identified which have affected the Tell of Ateret (North Israel), located on the Dead Sea Transform Fault (DSTF) by bisecting constructions of Iron Age to Medieval times (Ellenblum et al., 2014). The penultimate displacement occurred during a historically documented earthquake on 20 May 1202 CE and ruptured the fortification walls of the Crusader castle Vadum Jacob on the Tell with a 1.6 m sinistral displacement. We present a detailed 3D model of the damaged wall constructed from the results of a terrestrial laser scan survey. Based on these data, a discrete element model of the displaced wall section is being used to study the influence of displacement velocity on the damage pattern of a generic bisected wall and, in addition, specifically for the Crusader castle. Geodetic data (Even-Tzur and Hamiel, 2011) imply that the DSTF at this section is locked at shallow depth. These data form the basis of a twofold hypothesis: whether the complete displacement of the northern fortification wall is of co-seismic nature or if it can be partially attributed to slower postseismic movements over the past 811 years. For the latter case, the magnitude of the causing earthquake would likely be smaller than what has been assumed so far. With computer simulations we evaluate whether different slip velocities have a significant influence on the expected damage pattern and what such a result implies for the Ateret case. Keywords: Archaeoseismology, Dead Sea Fault, Ateret, Slip velocity, DE model Slip Deficit Along the Dead Sea Fault: Do Active Faulting and Past Earthquakes Determine the Seismic Gaps? Mustapha Meghraoui1 1IPG Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7516, France The ~1000-km-long North-South trending transform fault presents structural discontinuities and includes segments that experienced large earthquakes (Mw>7) in historical times. The Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley, the Lebanese restraining bend, the Missyaf and Ghab fault segments in Syria and the Ziyaret Fault segment in Turkey display geometrical complexities made of step overs, restraining and releasing bends that may constitute major obstacles to earthquake rupture propagation. Using active tectonics, GPS measurements and paleoseismology we investigate the kinematics and long-term/short term slip rates along the Dead Sea fault. Tectonic geomorphology with paleoseismic trenching and archeoseismic investigations indicate repeated faulting events and left-lateral slip rate ranging from 4 mm/yr in the southern fault section to 6 mm/yr in the northern fault section. Except for the northernmost DSF section, these estimates of fault slip rate are consistent with GPS measurements that show 4 to 5 mm/yr deformation rate across the plate boundary. However, recent GPS results showing 3 ± 0.5 mm/yr velocity rate of the northern DSF appear to be in contradiction with the ~6 mm/yr paleoseismic slip rate. The kinematic modeling that combines GPS and seismotectonic results implies a complex geodynamic pattern with the DSF transforms the Cyprus arc subduction zone into transpressive tectonics on the East Anatolian fault. The timing of past earthquake ruptures shows the occurrence of seismic sequences and a southward migration of large earthquakes, with the existence of major seismic gaps along strike. In this paper, we present the calculated seismic slip deficit along the fault segments and discuss the identification of seismic gaps. Keywords: Dead Sea fault, Earthquake geology, Seismic gap, Slip deficit 76 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Mediterranean Active Normal Faults: New Insights and Concepts Klaus Reicherter1, Thomas Wiatr1, Jack Mason1, Sascha Schneiderwind1, Ioannis Papanikolaou2, Christoph Grützner1,3 1RWTH Aachen University, Inst. of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, Aachen, Germany 2Laboratory of Mineralogy and Geology, Department Department of Natural Resources Management & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece 3University of Cambridge, Dept. of Earth Sciences, U.K. Decoding paleoearthquakes on normal bedrock fault scarps and their associated deposits on the hanging-wall is an important factor in estimating the seismic hazard potential for active fault zones. The Mediterranean region hosts many of these fault scarps within extensive outcrops of Mesozoic carbonate deposits of the Tethys. Typically, the normal faults associated with the scarps are 15-30 km long, have a freeface height of several meters, slip rates of 0.3-1 mm/yr, recurrence periods of more than 1000 yrs. These normal faults occur in diffuse plate boundaries and back arc provinces. Therefore, despite the fact that they do not generate earthquakes stronger than M>7.0, they are of great importance in terms of seismic hazards due to their proximity to human habitation. The last few destructive earthquakes in comparable tectonic settings demonstrated that these faults pose a significant threat due to their large number and long recurrence intervals. The majority of the normal faults throughout the Mediterranean comprise Mesozoic carbonate fault scarps, which are juxtaposed against Quaternary marine/colluvial sediments. These faults are easy to recognize as they preserve fault scarps are coseismic and result from cumulative earthquake slip of on the individual fault. In the Mediterranean the common theory is that during glacial conditions the erosion rate of these bedrock fault scarps, and sediment deposition on the hanging-wall, was faster than the fault’s slip-rate. In postglacial times, however, the improved climatic conditions reduced erosion rates allowing fault scarps caused by recurrent earthquakes to be preserved. Keywords: Normal fault, Paleoseismology, Hanging wall architecture, Slip rate, Fault scarps, GPR, ERT 77 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Segmentation and transtensional deformation along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara: Implications for Strain Partitioning Gülsen Uçarkuş1, Neal W. Driscoll1, Rolando Armijo2, Ziyadin Çakır3, Graham M. Kent4 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA 2Institut de Physique du Globe, 4 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France 3Istanbul 4Nevada Technical University, Geology Department, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA Basin formation and architecture between strike-slip fault segments exhibit many different styles; however, despite much research these systems remain poorly understood. In particular, what processes control deformation patterns and strain partitioning through time. Here, we present nested geophysical data together with long cores to constrain basin formation and deformational architecture between nonoverlapping strike-slip fault segments along the North Anatolian Fault. In the Central Basin, multiple episodes of deformation are recorded in geophysical data and reveal a polarity reversal in deformation where the early deformation was controlled by the northern basin-bounding fault. Through time the deformation migrated and exhibited strain partitioning; the dip-slip component switched to the southern basin-bounding fault with the northern fault system predominantly accommodating the strike-slip deformation. An underlapping segment offset in the Central Basin may limit through going rupture and may explain the preponderance of Ms >7 earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara, which is important for assessing geohazards. Keywords: North Anatolian Fault, Active tectonics, Marmara Sea, Basin evolution, Geohazard, Strain partitioning 78 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Wednesday, 15 October 2014 HALL – D [ThS01]- Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Facies Analysis and Depositional Environments of the Cretaceous Limestones in the Spil Mountain (Manisa, W Turkey) Cemile Solak1, Kemal Tasli1, Sacit Özer2 1Mersin University, Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Geological Engineering, Izmir, Turkey In the Spil Mountain which is situated in Bornova Flysch Zone, two successions of the Cretaceous carbonates are tectonostratigraphically differentiated: 1) Early Cretaceous and Campanian(?)-Maastrichtian relative autochthonous succession showing sedimentary transition to the Bornova Flysch, 2) Cenomanian(?)-early Campanian allochthonous succession overthrusted to the flysch. A paleoenvironment evolution including the definition of microfacies types for the Cretaceous carbonate deposits is presented. Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian-early Aptian) was a time prevailed shallow water restricted platform conditions in which laminated wackestone-mudstone, algal wackestone, peloidal-fenestral wackestone-mudstone were deposited in low energy logoon to peritidal environments. After an emerged platform phase spanning late Aptian-Campanian, a sharp transition to pelagic influenced redeposited carbonates from restricted platform sediments indicates rapid subsidance of the platform. Lithoclastic grainstone, bioclastic-foraminiferal packstone-grainstone, intraclasticbioclastic packstone-grainstone and pelagic wackestone microfacies were deposited in outer platform to slope environments in variable hyrodynamic conditions during Campanian(?)-Maastrichtian. The allochthonous succession begins with Cenomanian(?)-Santonian rudistid limestones deposited in restricted platform environments including benthic foraminiferal packstone-grainstone, benthic foraminiferal wackestone, algal wackestone, rudistid packstone microfacies. The overlying laminated and cherty limestones of Santonian-early Campanian age are composed of pelagic wackestones with planktic foraminifera and calcispheres indicating open platform to slope conditions. Keywords: Microfacies, Paleoenvironment, Cretaceous, Spil Mountain, Turkey 79 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Stratigraphy and Microfacies Analysis of Maastrichtian Sequences in Hekimhan and Yeşilyurt Areas (Malatya BasinEastern Turkey) Taner Korkmaz1, Murat Gül2, Bilal Sari3 1General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Turkey 2Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 3Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey Maastrichtian sequences of Malatya Basin crops out around Yeşilyurt and Hekimhan areas. In the Yeşilyurt area, Maastrichtian mudstone-marl alternation of Kapullu Formation is the scope of the study. Three stratigraphical sections were measured and 159 thin section samples were taken from the Yeşilyurt area. In the Hekimhan area, approximately 900 m thick Maastrichtian mudstone-marl alternations of Kösehasan Formation and clayey limestone-carbonate mudstones of Zorbehan Formation is the main subject of the study. From Hekimhan area, we measured single continuous stratigraphic section and collected 40 thin section samples for microfacies analysis. To reconstruct paleogeography and depositional environments of the Malatya Basin, we used limestone classifications for carbonated rocks, major classification systems and Standart Microfacies Classification (SMF) models. Based on their microfacies properties and fossil content, we divided Maastrichtian pelagic sequence of Malatya Basin into five different facies types. These are; RMF 3 (SMF 8) is wackestone-floatstone deposited in outer ramp; RMF 5 (SMF 3) is wackestone and carbonated mudstone deposited in basin; RMF 9 (SMF 5) is packstone and floatstone deposited in mid-ramp to outer ramp and RMF 15 (SMF 6) is rudstone associated with packstone facies deposited in midramp environment. As a result, the obtained data point out that the main factors of facies change cycles in Malatya Basin is rate, type and source of sediment supply, sea level fluctuations and regional basin tectonics. Malatya Basin was located on distally steepened carbonate ramp platform. Upper Cretaceous pelagic sequences were deposited in the late Maastrichtian in a range between midramp to basin environments. Keywords: Microfacies, Stratigraphy, Maastrichtian, Malatya Basin 80 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Pleistocene Braid-Delta Depositional System in Peri-Adriatic Basin, Italy Nicola Capuano1 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSTeVA), Università di Urbino,Italy The Pleistocene stratigraphic succession is studied using facies analysis and biostratigraphic dating indicate that the record of Colonnella deltaic-facies was formed during the Calabrian in age, at the paleo-Tronto river mouth. A Braid-delta depositional system is widely developed in the “Colonnella foothills” area (Adriatic coast, northern Abruzzi region, central Italy). This study illustrates the braiddelta depositional system in terms of facies sequence and association. Three different facies associations have been distinguished in Colonnella delta sequence: delta plain, delta front, prodelta/offshore. The uppermost part of the Colonnella delta sequence is composed of overbank deposits, while muddy prodelta deposits form the lowermost part of the sequence. Crevasse splays, levees, bays, or abandoned channels occur in the delta plain. The delta front and upper prodelta are occupied by distribituary mouth bars. Distal bar and bar front deposits of the distribituary mouth bars have a distinct upward-coarsening sequence. Beach facies (foreshore, shoreface) are developed in the delta front to upper prodelta. Tidal influence consisting of wavy bedding and herringbone cross-lamination, often formed in the tidal bar deposits. The prodelta/offshore deposits are caractherized by dark-gray, massive or faintly bedded silty mudstone alternated to very fine-grained sandstone beds, containing marine macrofossils and abundant microfauna composed mainly of planktonic and benthic microfossils, including foraminifera and nannoplankton. Bioturbation and burrows also occur. Reddish silty-clay beds bounded at the top by erosive surfaces (paleosoil), indicate times of subaerial exposure and weathering processes. Keywords: Pleistocene, Delta-facies, Peri-adriatic basin Stratigraphy, Archaeology and Tectonics of the Early Pleistocene in NW Armenia A.N. Simakova1, V.G. Trifonov, V.P. Lyubin, E.V. Belyaeva, V.A. Lebedev, Ya.I. Trikhunkov, A.S. Tesakov, R.V. Veselovsky, A.V. Latyshev, Kh. Meliksetian, S.L. Presnyakov, T.P. Ivanova, D.V. Ozhereliev, D.M. Bachmanov, S.E. Artyushkov, S.M. Lyapunov 1Geological Institute RAS, Russia The Quaternary stratigraphy and tectonics of the southern volcanic Javakheti Upland and the adjacent Upper Akhurian and Lori basins (NW Armenia) are studied. The geological and petrological correlation, paleontological, K-Ar and SIMS U-Pb methods and examination of natural remanent magnetization have been used for dating of the stratigraphic units. In the Gelasian, basaltic lava flows from the Javakheti Range covered and smoothed the surface of the basins. Trachyandesites and trachydacites covered the basalts in and near the Javakheti Range at the end of Gelasian. During the Olduvai subchron (not earlier than 1.85 Ma) and the earliest Upper Matuyama chron, the Karakhach unit of pebbles, sands and tuffs was sedimented in the both basins that joint by the common Upper Akhurian–Dzoraget–Debed river system via the Karakhach Pass. At that epoch, the region was occupied by the earliest hominines producing lithic industries of the Early Acheulian aspect (sites of Karakhach, Muradovo and Agvorik). Early appearance and special features of these industries might be caused by natural parting of used trachydacite and basalt to tabulated fragments that gave a possibility to make such macro-tools. The 1.5–1.4 Ma pulse of dacite explosion is expressed by pumice in the SE of the Lori Basin. The Kurtan fine-grained terrigenous unit was sedimented at the latest Calabrian – earliest Middle Pleistocene. The Middle Acheulian artifacts were found in the Kurtan I section of the Kurtan unit. The Olduvai subchrone was characterized by wet climate. It became more arid later and savannah-steppe landscapes dominated. The region underwent the flexure-fault deformation and the 350–800-m uplift during the last ~0.5 Ma. Keywords: Quaternary, stratigraphy, paleontology, tectonics, archaelogy, Armenia 81 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Dolocretes and Associated Palygorskite Occurrences in Siliciclastic Red Sediments of the Kömişini Formation (Late Miocene/Pliocene), Northwestern Part of the Tuzgölü Basin in Central Anatolia, Turkey Ali Gürel1 1Niğde University, Department of Geological Engineering, Niğde, Turkey Late Miocene/Pliocene alluvial and lacustrine deposits characterize the so called Kömişini Formation northwestern part of the Tuzgölü basin in Central Anatolia, which is the largest intermontane basin in Turkey. This formation consists of alternation of typical red conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and intercalated with several red coloredpaleosol and dolocrete levels. This levels passes vertically into limestone. Paleosols are recognized that they are histosol, aridisols, inceptisols, locally associated with, oxisols, according to the soil taxonomy. Paleosols and dolocretes of Kulu-Konya area are characterized by thin section, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and geochemical analysis. These sediments are composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, opal-CT, serpentine, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, hematite and clay minerals, such as smectite, chlorite, palygorskite and illite. Gypsum, smectite and chloride dominate at the base of the profile, whereas the palygorskite increase upward of the sections. Dolocrete samples are characterized by high CaO, MgO and loss on ignition values, and basement ophiolitic rock samples consist mainly of SiO 2, Al2O3+Fe2O3+MgO, low LOI and relatively high CaO value, revealing the presence of smectite and palygoskite associated with pyroxene, feldspar, quartz and calcite. Barium, Ni, Cr and Rb are relatively high and constant in the calcrete and paleosols, compared to the ophiolitic rocks. Palygorskite precipitated in a vadose zone from strongly evaporative alkaline water rich in Si and Mg and low in Al at increased temperatures and advanced stage of dolocrete and paleosol formation. The Si, Mg, Al+Fe and Ca required for palygoskite formation and calcification were supplied in solution from the smectitic clays, ophiolitic units and related volcanic units and carbonates in the close area. Keywords: Central Anatolian, Tuzgölü basin, Clay minerals, Late Miocene/Pliocene, Weathering, Paleosol-dolocrete 82 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Wednesday, 15 October 2014 HALL – D [Ths07]-Engineering Geology Geomechanical Properties of Marl and Sandstone in Çağlayan Dam Reservoir Area under Dynamic Conditions Tümay Kadakci Koca1, Thomas Frühwirt2, M. Yalçin Koca1 1Dokuz 2TU Eylül University, Turkey Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany Failures of slopes in dam reservoir area occur under the seismic conditions or during periods of abnormal weather and always produce the most disastrous results. Marl and sandstone layers in the Neogene aged sedimentary rocks are lying over the marbles of Menderes Massif in Çağlayan Dam reservoir area. Weathered layers cause extensive slope failures due to the unfavourable engineering properties. The area is located approximately 30 km away from the tectonically active Gediz Graben. The lithological units are intensely jointed by local and regional faulting. For this reason, potential of the slope failures still remains high in this area. In order to estimate the dynamic behaviour of marls and sandstones, a series of dynamic uniaxial and triaxial compression and dynamic shear box tests were conducted on both core samples and block samples in rock mechanics laboratory in TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. The dynamic test parameters such as dynamic loading rate, loading frequency and number of cycles were selected according to the static strength of related rocks. The results showed that dynamic triaxial strength depends on not only the testing parameters but also strongly on the obscure weakness zone in marl samples which may be detected from the dark grey to light black coloured thin strips on the surface of samples. The failure planes are following these weakness zones. The stress-strain curves of uniaxial tests indicate semi brittle behaviour either for marl or sandstone. The cyclic stress-strain curves of shear box tests performed on the large surfaces with the dimensions of 10x20 cm were evaluated in terms of testing parameters and the sheared surface properties. Keywords: Dynamic shear box test, Dynamic triaxial compression test, Dynamic uniaxial compression test, Marl, Sandstone 83 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey ThS08- Ophilote Evolution of Mafic Rocks in the Ophiolite Mélange of the Iti Ophiolite (Central Greece) B. Tsikouras1,2, S. Karipi2, K. Hatzipanagiotou2 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 2University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece Ophiolite outcrops of the Iti Mountain (continental central Greece) are dominated by an ophiolite mélange whereas lesser mantle peridotites occur tectonically on top of it. This ophiolite melange comprises a typical multicoloured, chaotic formation incorporating fragments of ultramafic, mafic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in a tectonised matrix. The mafic rocks include a variety of gabbroic rocks, diorites, dolerites and basaltic rocks, the last with a large textural variety. Geochemical affinities of the majority of the mafic, volcanic rocks indicate the occurrence of IAT, MORB and transitional MORB/IAT. However, some basalts show alkaline WPB affinities, likely related to rifting. Geochemical characteristics of the coexisting gabbros and diorites are compatible with those of the oceanic basaltic rocks, suggesting evolution of the Iti ophiolite in a backarc basin. The overall geochemical affinities of the studied rocks helped to unravel the geological evolution of the broad area from rifting of the Pindos Ocean to the evolution of a mid-ocean ridge and a subsequent backarc basin. Keywords: Iti ophiolite, Backarc, Pindos Ocean, SSZ Petrogenetic Implications on the Ophiolitic Vavdos Peridotites (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Greece) E. Ifandi 1, P. Tsitsanis, 1, B. Tsikouras 1University 1,2, K. Hatzipanagiotou 1 of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam Ophiolite occurrences in the area of Vavdos (west Chalkidiki) include ultramafic and mafic plutonic rocks. This ophiolite geologically belongs to the Circum-Rhodope Zone of the internal Hellenides, in NE Greece. This study provides a detailed description of the petrographic and mineralogical composition of the Vavdos peridotites, comprising mainly harzburgite and dunite, with less extended outcrops of lherzolite, wherlite, massive pyroxenite and pyroxenite dykes. Strong evidence indicates that these peridotites are melt impregnated during mantle metasomatic processes. Harzburgites are transitional to dunites, having significant amounts of neoblastic olivine and lesser spinel. Two types of lherzolite were recognised: normal lherzolite shows clear indications of plastic deformation whereas refertilised lherzolite is characterised by the presence of olivine and spinel neoblasts. Cataclastic, mylonitised and metasomatic dunites were also identified. Cumulate lithologies with clear magmatic affinities include wherlite, websterite and rare clinopyroxenite. The petrogenetic characteristics of the investigated peridotites reveal the existence of a heterogeneous mantle source and assist to unravel the history of mantle evolution in the Mesozoic Axios (Vardar) Ocean. Keywords: Chalkidiki ophiolite, Peridotites, Melts impregnation, Axios ocean 84 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Supra-Subduction and Abyssal Mantle Peridotites Piranshahr Ophiolite (Zagros Belt, NW Iran) of the Robab Hajialioghli1, Mohssen Moazzen1 1University of Tabriz, Iran The Piranshahr peridotites in northwestern end of the Zagros belt, in the border of Iran with Iraq, show the characteristics of both abyssal and SSZ type peridotites. They have compositions ranging from low-clinopyroxene lherzolite to harzburgite and dunite. Distinct mineral chemical compositions, suggesting their formation in two distinct stages. In the first stage, the low-Cpx lherzolites were produced as the residues of anhydrous MOR-type melting beneath the mid-ocean ridge system within the southern branch of Neotethys. This seafloor system evolved between the Arabian Plate and Central Iran microcontinent during the early Mesozoic. Nearly 15–20% anhydrous, decompressional partial melting of a MOR mantle at the spreading centre formed the low-Cpx lherzolites at this stage. In the second stage, more refractory harzburgites formed as residues after ~10-15 % partial melting of a depleted MORB source as a result of subduction initiated magmatism. The SSz and abyssal affinities of the Piranshahr peridotites is in accordance with the most of the eastern Mediterranean ophiolites (e.g. Dinaric and Hellenic ophiolitic belt: Bortolotti et al., 2013; Lycian and Antalya ophiolites of Turkey: Aldanmaz et al., 2009; Harmancik ophiolites of Turkey: Uysal et al., 2009; Kermanshah and Neyriz ophiolites of Iran: Saccani et al., 2013; Rajabzadeh and Nazari Dehkordi, 2012: Oman ophiolites; Goodenough et al., 2010). during the Late Cretaceous, obduction occurred on the north-eastern margins of the Arabian plate. Terminal closure and continental collision of Arabia/Central Iran microcontinent was later, at Miocene (Şengor et al., 2008) or Mio-Peliocene (Agard et al., 2005). Keywords:SSZ, MOR, peridotites, Piranshahr, Iran 85 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL – B [Ths06]-Paleontology Planktonic Cretaceous Anatolia) Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Upper Balçıkhisar Succession (Şuhut-Afyon, Western Bilal Sarı1, Ismail Işıntek1, AsliÖzkaymak2 1Dokuz Eylül University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Izmir, Turkey 2Yüzüncü Yil University, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Van, Turkey The Geyik Dağı Unit (western Anatolia) is a part of the Anatolide-Tauride Block and is represented by an approximately 1580-m-thick Jura-Eocene carbonate dominated rocks in the Balçıkhisar area (Şuhut-Afyon). Roughly three stratigraphical intervals are observed from at least 510-m-thick Upper Cretaceoussuccession, which is dominated by lithoclastic-bioclastic slope limestones (mainly rudstones and floatstones=Facies-a), which intercalated with planktonic foraminifera-bearing basinal pelagic limestones (mainly mudstones and wackestones=Facies-B). The 73-m-thick 1st interval is mainly represented by Facies-B with diverse late Turonian-Santonian planktonic foraminifera. First appearances of D. asymetrica and ‘pill-box-like’ morphotypes of G. linneiana at the 953 m and 970 m levels respectively indicate late Coniacian and ConiacianSantonian boundary respectively. Santonian is 26-m-thick. An approximately 300-mthick 2nd interval is dominated by Facies-a and sharply overlies the Santonian limestones. The bioclasts are mostly rudist fragments and orbitoid foraminifera (i.e. Orbitoides and Siderolites). Quite rare planktonic foraminifera (mainly double-keeled globotruncanids) and calcispheres are observed within this interval. Gt. elevata from the upper part of this interval is known as a Campanian species. The overlying 153-mthick 3rd interval (Facies-B) is represented by quite diverse planktonic foraminifera assemblages. The first appearances of C. walfischensis and Gt. pettersi from the base of this interval mark the beginning of the Maastrichtian. The 85-m-thick a. mayaroensis zone (late Maastrichtian) is documented from the top of the interval. A 140-m-thick Paleogene pelagic strata overlies the Cretaceous succession. Keywords: Late Cretaceous, Planktonic foraminifera, Biostratigraphy, Geyik Daği Unit, Balçıkhisar 86 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Biostratigraphic and Stable Isotopic Characteristics of the Early Miocene Foraminifera in the N-NW Part of the Malatya Basin, Eastern Anatolia Meral Kaya1, Deniz Ibilioğlu2, Mehmet Önal1 1University of Ataturk, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department of Geology, Erzurum, Turkey 2Dumlupınar University, Geological Eng. Dept., Kütahya, Turkey Early Miocene Akyar Formation occurs in the north-northwestern part of the Malatya Basin. The sediments of the formation contain a rich association of benthic and planktic foraminifera. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages content 41 species belonging to 26 genera, namely Anomalinoides, Astacolus, Cibicides, Cibicidoides, Dentalina, Elphidium, Gavellinella, Globobulimina, Gypsina, Lagena, Lenticulina, Marginulina, Marginulinopsis, Miogypsina, Nodosaria, Osangularia, Planulina, Robulus, Saracenaria, Semivulvulina, Siphonodosaria, Siphonina, Spiroplectinella, Textularia, Uvigerina, Vulvulina. According to benthic foraminiferal assemblages, Miogypsina-PlanulinaUvigerina Assemblages Zone was distinguished. Two early Miocene planktic foraminiferal biozones were distinguished by using 45 species belonging to 11 genera, consisting of Cassigerinella, Catapsydrax, Dentoglobigerina, Globigerina, Globigerinella, Globigerinita, Globigerinoides, Globoquadrina, Globorotalia, Globorotaloides, Neogloboquadrina. These biozones are Globorotalia kugleri/Globoquadrina dehiscens Concurrent Range Subzone (M1b) in Aquitanian; Catapsydrax dissimilis Partial Range Zone (M2) in Aquitanian and Burdigalian. In this study, the sea level oscillations and values of paleosalinity and paleotemperature were calculated based on δ 18O ‰ (PDB) and δ13C ‰ (PDB) isotope values obtained from the analysis of tests on the benthic and planktic foraminifera. The early Miocene foraminifera tests that were analysed for 18O ‰ (PDB) values ranged between -6,69 and -0,80 and for 13C ‰ (PDB) values showed that salinity of the sea-surface water was between -1,55 and -0,02. The sea-surface temperatures also varies between 16,3 0C and 45,4 0C. Keywords: Foraminifera, Biostratigraphy, Miocene, Palaeoclimatology, Malatya Basin 87 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Grain Size Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Sea-Floor Sediments Including Foraminifera in Gulf of Güllük and Gökova Şeyda Parlar1 1Selçuk University, Turkey The investigated coastline from the south of Didim (Aydın) to Yalıçiftlik (Muğla) which includes Gulfs of Akbük, Güllük, Gökova and Güvercinlik and Bodrum Peninsula is about 260 kilometers and divided into 2 main regions and 21 sub-regions. The grain size analysis and ICP-MS geochemical analysis carried out on the sea-floor sediments from the depth of 5, 10, 20 and 30 meters which were obtained by divers. The nearshore sediments mostly consists of coarse sediments, however medium sediments are dominant in depth of 10 meters, medium-fine sediments are dominant in depth of 20 meters and fine sediments are dominant in depth of 30 meters. From shore to sea, the decrease in grain size of sea-floor sediments is clear. Along the coast, the relatively low grain size of Didim increased towards to Bodrum, then decreased again towards to the Gulf of Gökova. The highest average grain size was observed in Güllük.The sediments vary between greywacke and litharenit according to the classification by major oxide values. The degree of contamination of the sediments determined by the heavy metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cr, Mn and Cd. These elements had been evaluated by using enrichment ratio, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index. The heavy metals don't exhibit severe accumulation. The determined metal excesses indicate anthropogenic effects in Didim, Güllük and Turgutreis-Gümüşlük. The reason of the contamination in the area which doesn't have any large industrial facility is probably the urban wastes and big harbors. The effects of the increase of Cu and Pb in Gümüşlük reduce the number of foraminifera individuals and the number of foraminifera species. Keywords: Gulf of Güllük, Contamination factor, Geoaccumulation Index, Sea-floor sediments, Enrichment factor, Grain size, Foraminifera 88 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Pliocene DiatomateBearing Lacustrine Deposits in the Karacaören-Ürgüp Area (Nevşehir, Turkey) Ali Gürel1, Ayşegül Yıldız2 1Niğde University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Niğde, Turkey 2Aksaray University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Aksaray, Turkey The present study demonstrates the utility of lithofacies and paleontological determination of diatomite bearing lacustrine deposits to undertake a palaeoenvironmental interpretation of Ürgüp basin in the central part of the Cappadocian Volcanic province during the Pliocene. Diatomite in this basin crop out in an alternating sequence of mudstone and organic rich mudstone. The diatomite samples of the different profiles, 25 species of 10 different diatom genera were identified such as Achnanthes rechtensis Leclercq, Aulacoseria sp., Cocconeis sp., C. placentula var. lineata (Ehrenberg) Van Heurck, Cymatopleura selea var. apiculata (W.Smith), Cymbella sp., C. leptoceras (Ehrenberg), C. moelleriana Grunow, C. tumidula Grunow, Epithemia sp., E. adnata (Kützing), E. argus Kützing, E. cistula (Ehrenberg), E.frickei Krammer, E. hydmanii (W.Smith), E. simithii Carruthers, Eunotia sp., E. denticulata (Brebisson), Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow, Gomphonema sp., G.acutiusculum (O.Müller), G. entolejum Oestrup, G. gracile Ehrenberg, G. minutum (Agarth), Navicula weinzierlii Schimanski. Repectively Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehrenberg) Van Heurck, Epithemia argus Kützing, Epithemia sp., E. cistula (Ehrenberg), Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow, and Epithemia argus Kützing. These were present as the predominant species in the collected samples from 1-5 and bottom of sixth diatomite levels from bottom to top of the profile. Based on these predominant species, these diatomite levels have been deposited in a shallow, warm and freshwater lake environment with the features of high level nitrogen and phosphorus, alkaline, pH >7. Keywords: Lacustrine deposits, Diatomite, Karacaören-Ürgüp, Paleoenvironment 89 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Trace fossils on the shelly terrace units. An example from along the southwestern of Lapseki palaeoshoreline, Çanakkale, Turkey Huriye Demircan1, Mustafa Avcıoğlu2 1Department of Geological Research, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA),Ankara,Turkey 2Department of Geological Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey Bioerosion is a common process in hard substrates. This study introduces an example from the shelly terrace units cropping out at a sea cliff along the southwestern of Lapseki, around the Marmara Sea. The Marmara Formation in the study area can be observed as a terrace unit that was deposited along the coastal area. Its thickness is depending on the morphologic characteristics of the shoreline. The terraces consist mainly of lithified calcareous sandstones, rich in oysters (e.g. Ostrea edulis, Ostrea patagonica shells), which show many bioerosive structures as trace fossils.The ichnotaxa include borings produced by duraphagous drillers (Oichnus isp.), phonorids (cf. Conchotrema isp.), clionid sponges (Entobia geometrica, Entobia laquea, Entobia ovula, E. solaris, Entobia isp.), endolithic bivalves (Gastrochaenolites torpedo, Gastrochaenolites isp.), polychaete annelids (Maeandropolydora isp., Maeandropolydora sulcans, Caulostrepsis isp.), and spinculid worms (cf. Trypanites isp.). Barnacles are also common as encrusters. The borings can be ascribed to the Gastrochaenolites -Entobia assemblage, which is typical of the palaeoshores. They belong to the Entobia ichnofacies indicating various conditions of light, energy, and depth. Therefore they can reveal environmental changes and play an important role in forming palaeo-shorelines and wave-cut platforms during marine trangressive events, indicating a tectonic uplift. Keyword: Bioerosion, Borings, Trace fossils, Oysters, Lapseki-Çanakkale, Turkey 90 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey New Material of Palaeoamasia (Embrithopoda, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Turkey: The First Cladistic Analyze at Species Level and Its Implication on Paleobiogeography Ozan Erdal1, Pierre-Olivier Antoine2, Şevket Şen3 1Istanbul 2Institut Technical University Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey des Sciences de l’Évolution UMR-CNRS 5554 Université Montpellier 2 Montpellier, France 3Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 8 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France The order Embrithopoda includes a group of large enigmatic mammals mainly from the Paleogene of Africa with two genera (Arsinoitherium and Namatherium), also from Turkey (Palaeoamasia and Hypsamasia) and Romania (Crivadiatherium). Systematic and phylogenetic relationships between these genera are poorly known although their monophyly is accepted. This is particularly due to the fragmentary and incomplete fossil remains of the Eurasian genera. Moreover, the distribution of embrithopods around the Neotethys domain remains unexplained since this marine barrier would avoid somehow the dispersion of terrestrial mammals. In this context, the presence of embrithopods in the North and South of the marine areas should lead to reconsider the terrestrial relationship between land areas and/or lifestyle of embrithopods which, for some authors, were adapted to semi-aquatic environments. In this study, recently collected new material of Palaeoamasia kansui Ozansoy, 1966 from its type locality is described and a dental nomenclature is proposed for this order. Also, the first species level phylogenetic analysis of the embrithopods, based on 130 cranio-mandibular and dental characters, confirms the monophyly following the topology [Phenacolophus, [Namatherium, [Arsinoitheriinae, Palaeamasiinae]]]. Phylogenetic relationships between Eurasian embrithopods remain unresolved. The integration of all embrithopod genera within a cladistic analysis encompassing a wider taxonomic sample (Condylarthra, Afrotheria/Paenungulata, Laurasiatheria) confirms again the monophyly of the order, but questions both the position of Phenacolophus from early Paleogene of Mongolia as a sister group to (other) embrithopods and the basal position of Namatherium. Keywords: Embrithopoda, Systematics, Phylogeny, Palaeobiogeography What was the Bio-Diversity 15 Mya ago Surrounding Bursa Province at the Southern Marmara Region? Berna Alpagut1, Derya Kanık1 1Ankara University, Turkey This paper will be given to show that extinct species and habitats during the EarlyMiddle Miocene period of southern Marmara region. The main aim is to introduce the traces of evolution of these paleoenviroments by using faunal femains.During the Miocene a lot of animal migrations had been occurred in Anatolian peninsula. As a landbridge Anatoliahasbeen a very important role both for evolution and extinction of these faunas. Our fossils samples obtained from Paşalar excavation which continued since 1983. Keywords: Bio-diversity, Extinct species, Palaeoecology 91 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey An Early Pleistocene Fauna from Burdur Basin of SW Anatolia Arzu F.Demirel1, Serdar Mayda2 1Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Anthropology, Burdur, Turkey 2Ege University, Natural History Museum, Izmir, Turkey A new Early Pleistocene mammalian locality, referred to as “Yassigüme Loc.” from Burdur Basin of SW Anatolia is described here for the first time. The locality is surrounded by marginal alluvial-fan to fan-deltaic depositional settings of the uppermost reaches of the basin-fill succession. Here, we introduce the remains of Bovid and Equid records, as “Leptobos etruscus” which is the first record from Turkey, with “Gazellospira torticornis” and "Equus stenonis". As Pleistocene fossil Bovid remains from the territory of Turkey are rare, the new locality of Yassigüme is primarily interested by the remains of two different sized Bovids and the typical Pleistocene form of Equus. The fossil assemblage suggests an age of about Late Villafranchian (1,8-1,5 Ma) for Yassigüme. Both Bovid and Equid records will fill the gap in the paleobiogeographic dispersal of these taxa in SE Mediterranean during Pleistocene. Keywords: Pleistocene, Burdur basin, Large mammals, Bovidae, Equidae For a Mammalian Biostratigraphy of Neogene and Quaternary Deposits in the North Anatolian Fault Zone Basins Ozan Erdal1, Şevket Şen2, M. Korhan Erturaç3 1Istanbul Technical University Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 2Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 8 rue Buffon, Paris, France 3Sakarya University Department of Geography, Sakarya, Turkey The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), which consists of a transform fault boundary between the Anatolian and Eurasian plates, hosts many basins spanning in age from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene (Şengör et al., 2005). The tectonics and lithostratigraphy of those basins are well explored by MTA prospection and academic researchers since 1960. The age of deposits is, in most case, not accurately constrained due to scarce biochronological data, mostly provided by pollen and some mammalian faunas (Erturaç, 2009 and references therein). However, these basins have great potential for the discovery of Late Cenozoic mammals, and thus it would allow refining chronology of their infill and their evolutionary history. Based on this hypothesis, we undertook the exploration of some basins along the NAFZ, starting with those Suluova and Tosya in 2013. Our aim is to collect small mammals as useful biostratigraphic tool in correlation with the European Land Mammal Ages and also with the Anatolian continental Neogene Zonation based on rodents (Ünay et al. 2003). The recent discovery of some mammalian fossils from the Suluova Basin such as Sivatherium sp. from Kurnaz, Kalymnomys sp. and Mesocricetus arameus from the Eraslan formation (Erturac, 2009) as well as Mammuthus trogontherii (Albayrak & Lister, 2011) and Microtus arvalis from Harmanağili provided first constrain for the Quaternary depositional history of Suluova. From the Tosya Basin (Kastamonu), Ünay and Bruijn (1998) reported a rich micromammalian fauna with Mimomys gracilis, which is an “index taxon” for Late Ruscinian. a promising preliminary collection will be enlarged continuously to provide a detailed biochronology for the depositional history of these basins. Keywords: North Anatolian Fault, Mammal Biostratigraphy, Rodentia 92 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Reassessment of Kocabaş Calvaria from Turkey Ahmet Ihsan Aytek1, Katerine Harvati-Papatheodorou2 1Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey 2Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Senckenberg Center of Human Evolution and Paleoecology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany The oldest known hominin remains in Turkey were discovered in a travertine quarry in Denizli province, by Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cihat Alçiçek in 2002. The specimen consists of a right parietal fragment, a fragment of the frontal preserving the supraorbital torus (SOT), and piece of the left parietal which is articulated with a frontal bone fragment (without SOT). Although previous studies proposed ca. 500,000 Ka (Kappelman et al. 2008) and 780 Ka (Vialet et al. 2012) for the specimen, recent studies propose an age range between 1.2-1.6 Ma (Lebatard et al 2014; Vialet et al. 2014; Boulbes et al. 2014; Khatib et al. 2014). Until now only a few studies have been conducted on this fossil. Their results, based on analysis of linear measurements and geometric morphometrics, have suggested affinities of Kocabaş with Homo erectus (Kappelman et al.2008; Vialet et al. 2014). Here we present a new, three-dimensional geometric morphometric comparative analysis of the Kocabaş specimen, which includes the shape analyses of supraorbital torus. The fossil was scanned with a NextEngine 3D surface scanner and 3-D images of the fossil bones were reconstructed using AVISO software. 3D coordinates of 13 osteometric landmarks were collected on a comparative sample of 16 Plio-Pleistocene hominin and 20 modern human crania. The data were superimposed with Generalized Procrustes analysis and analyzed with Principal components analysis and Procrustes distance. Our results support previous findings, and show affinity with Homo erectus stricto. Keywords: Kocabaş, Turkey, Homo erectus, Calvaria 93 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL – C [Ths10]-Magmatic and Metamorphic Petrology Heterogeneous Mantle Source Dynamics of Late Cretaceous Ultrapotassic Rocks Related with the Subduction of Neo-Tethys Fatma Gülmez1, S. Can Genç1, Dejan Prelevic2 1Istanbul 2Institut Technical University, Turkey für Geowissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany A variety of ultrapotassic alkaline rocks (UR) were intruded in the volcanoclastic sequence of North Anatolian Ophiolitic Melange (NOAM), as dykes, stocks and lava flows related with the consumption of Neo-Tethys Ocean during the late Cretaceous time. The alkaline ultrapotassic rocks were mainly classified as lamprophyres, leucite bearing lavas and trachytes based on their mineral paragenesis. Alteration processes (mainly analcimization) induced variation of K 2O contents (0.89-8.39 wt.%) and its extreme depletion in leucite bearing samples. The significant LILE and LREE enrichment relative to HFSE and HREE and depletion of Nb and Ta that resemble subduction-related magmas are common features for UR. Extremely high Th/Nb, Th/Yb and Th/La and low Ba/Th ratios, fingerprint the role of the melt derived from the subducted crust. Assimilation-fractional crystallization processes (AFC) seem insignificant during the differentiation of ultrapotassic rock suites because of the absence of major and trace element variations between lamprophyre and leucite bearing rocks. However it is possible forming some of the silica saturated trachyte samples by addition of a large amount and various type of contaminant into silica undersaturated melts which ol (00.05) + phl (0.24-0.41) + cpx (0.2-0.4) + by (0-0.3) + plg (0-0.01) + ap (0.03-0.41) composition is crystallizing from. Initial strontium and neodymium isotope compositions of UR indicate depleted mantle source due to the values are restricted in mantle arrays field ( 87Sr/86Sr(i):0.7044930.70609, 143Nd/144Nd(i): 0.512523-0.51268). On the other hand, δ18O isotope analyses obtained by in-situ laser-fluorination method of unaltered clinopyroxene phenocrysts retrieved from the most primitive ultrapotassic lavas (with high MgO contents, high 143 Nd/144Nd(i) and low 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios) are extremely low and change from 2.4 %o to 5 %o regardless of the rock type. In our view, extremely low δ18O contents represents a mantle source feature. While the effects of AFC processes are negligible, isotopic variations of UR should be regarded as reflecting heterogeneity of the metasomatizing agents that were “flushing “ the mantle wedge source of the ultrapotassic alkaline volcanism. Geological features also support that because NOAM is an accretionary prism that represents a mixture of variable lithological components. When such mixture enters the subduction column during the final stage of the active subduction, it can feed the source region to form observed geochemical features. Keywords: Late Cretaceous, Ultrapotassic, North Anatolian Ophiolitic Melange 94 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Subcontinental Mantle Peridotites Exposed Amidst the External Hellenides, S. Peloponnesus, Greece, and their Geotectonic Significance C. Vasilopanagos1, E. Moulas2,3 & D. Kostopoulos1,4 1University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Athens, Greece 2University of Lausanne, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, Institute of Earth Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland 3ETH-Zurich, 4Eldorado Department of Earth Sciences, Geological Institute, Zurich, Switzerland Gold, 23A Vas. Sophias Av., Athens, Greece Ultramafic rocks are rarely present in the External Hellenides of Greece. Serpentinised lherzolites, are exposed on the NW slopes of Mt.Taygetus of S.Peloponnesus, Greece, as discontinuous bodies lying structurally on top of the Phyllite-Quartzite(Arna)Unit and beneath the platform carbonates of the TripolitsaGavrovo Zone.These lherzolites are mainly composed of atg (totally replacing olivine and opx), metamorphic diopside,chlorite and magnetite, with rare relics of primary Cr-spinel and cpx. Chlorite develops around spinel and displays a compositional continuum between clinochlore through amesite to antigorite with a continuous drop in Al values as the antigorite matrix is approached. Magnetite comes from the destruction of Cr-spinel and a compositional continuum between Cr-spinel through fcmt and crmt to magnetite is observed. Primary Cr-spinel is characterised by Cr/(Cr+Al)~0.2 indicating a low degree of mantle melting, around 8%. Primary cpx contains elevated contents of Al,Na,Ti and classifies as subcontinental in origin. Whole-rock 3d transition metal contents are nearly indistinguishable from those of primitive upper mantle composition. Deep ocean water imparted a strong imprint on the REE budget of the rocks during serpentinisation testified by the extreme similarity in the chondritenormalised patterns between deep ocean water and lherzolites. Phase-diagram sections calculated using Gibbs-free-energy minimisation suggest that the observed lherzolite mineralogy can be isofacial with phengite-chloritoid schists of the underlying PQ unit from the typical Arna locality for which P-T conditions of 1.85GPa/400°C were calculated by the same method.The lherzolites may represent the continental margin under N.Gondwana. Keywords: Palaeotethys, Gondwana, Subcontinental, Mantle peridotites, External hellenides, Peloponnesus ultramafic, Arna lherzolites, Ocean water serpentinization, Ferritchromite, Clinochlore magnetite, Clinopyroxene, Chlorite, Blueschist, Cr-spinel 95 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL – C [ThS20] – Active Tectonics Variations of Seismicity and Recent Geodynamics in Major Strike-Slip Zones V.G. Trifonov1, A.M. Korjenkov, Kh.M. Omar 1Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Strike-slip fault zones are studied where temporal variations of accumulation of strikeslip deformation have been found. The GPS contemporary rate of strike-slip deformation is many times less than its average rate during Holocene and Quaternary and weak transverse shortening is measured in the El Ghab segment of the Dead Sea Transform (Eastern Mediterranean) and the Talas-Fergana fault zone (Central Asia). Strong earthquakes are unknown in XX century, but epochs of intense seismicity took place in the past. In the southern and central El Ghab zone, values of seismic energy released during the peaks of ~350-year seismic cycles are approximated by sinusoid that shows the ~1800-year hyper-cycle. The rate of sinistral strike-slip deformation varied probably in conformity with it. In the Talas-Fergana zone, the epoch of intense seismicity is identified in XIV–XVII centuries. Such several epochs gave the average Late Holocene slip rate 5 to 15 mm/yr. The Altai 2003 earthquake (MS=7.0) produced the 2-m dextral slip on the ~65 km long NW-trending seismic rupture; the main shock and the strongest 2003 aftershocks had the strike-slip mechanisms. The activity reduced in 2004–2005 and reverse and normal focal mechanisms dominated. In the Palmyrides (NW Syria), the strong 1994 and 1996 earthquakes had strike-slip mechanisms, while the 2009–2011 weak earthquakes had mainly normal and reverse mechanisms. In all cases, the strike-slip deformation was realized mainly during strong earthquakes. In other time, the rate of its accumulation reduced and the stress conditions led to transverse shortening of the zone. The transverse compression component becomes appreciable when the strike-slip deformation rate is reduced. Keywords: Active strike-slip fault and deformation, Variations of historical seismicity and paleoseismicity, Focal mechanisms 96 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Source Parameters of the Mw=6.1, February 21, 2007 Sivrice (SE Turkey) Earthquake Fault from Insar Selver Şentürk1, Ziyadin Çakır2 1Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Turkey 2Istanbul Technical University, Department of Geology, Turkey We study the source parameters of the Mw=6.0, February 21, 2007 Sivrice (Elaziğ) earthquake that took place in the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) zone, the boundary between the Anatolian and Arabian plates. Its epicentral location and kinematics are poorly determined owing to the absence of surface ruptures and local seismic network coverage. Therefore, we use synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) with a pair of ENVISAT advanced SAR scenes acquired on 21 May 2005 and 4 August 2007 in order to map the coseismic surface deformation. The interferogram obtained has high coherency and reveals about 9 cm of line of sight range increase (~3 fringes) as an elliptical lob of coseismic fringes southwest of the Hazar lake. Modeling the coseismic interferogram using rectangular dislocations in a homogeneous elastic half space shows ~0.5 m pure normal slip and 1.4x1018 Nm geodetic moment (Mw=6.1) in agreement with the focal mechanism solution (Harvard CMT). The earthquake occurred on the N30°E trending and ~60° NW dipping Hazar normal fault that bounds the Hazar basin to the south and makes a ~30° angle with the left-lateral strike-slip EAF. The fault orientation and the earthquake mechanism are kinematically consistent with the stress regime that governs a left-lateral shear zone. Our observations indicate that damaging earthquakes may take place on secondary ruptures oblique to the major strike-slip fault. Therefore, more attention should be paid to such secondary faults when mapping active faults and assessing seismic hazard in tectonically active regions. Keywords: InSAR, Sivrice earthquake, Active tectonics, East Anatolian Fault, Fault parameters 97 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL – C [Ths26]-Hydrogeology Water Pollution Monitoring between Manavgat and Fethiye, Turkey Nevzat Özgür1, Tuğba Arife Çalişkan2 1Süleyman 2Marmara Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey The study area is between Manavgat and Eşen Çay in western and central parts of the Taurides, Turkey. It is necessary to get a sustainable amount of data by the measurements of physical, hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters for locations in these areas on surface and sea waters. Within the project, (i) in-situ measurements and sampling for hydrogeochemical and microbiological analyses in 12 locations of the area of surface and sea waters and (ii) hydrogeochemical and microbiological analyses were realized monthly. These measurements and analyses were evaluated and interpreted in comparison to “Water Pollution Control Rules, dated 4 September 1998 and with number of 19919 in official Turkish Government newspaper”. It is general trend in the area of surface waters that the pollution seems to increase strongly due to increase of agricultural and touristic activities in the area in future. Therefore, precautionary measures have to be taken against further pollution in this area as soon as possible. The measured values of temperature, pH, color, turbidity, light permeability, odor, taste, dissolved oxygen and hydrogeochemical analyses correspond with sea water standards closely. The surface waters at some locations polluted hydrogeochemically. It can pollute sea waters in a short time because it reaches sea water at a location. This increase of both coliforms is associated with decrease in surface waters, and moreover, it depends upon the discharge of waste waters containing fecal and total coliforms, which flow into drainage system. On the other hand, the dilution of the fecal and total coliforms in waste waters cannot be established completely due to low discharge of surface waters. Keywords: Surface water, Sea water, Blue flag, Environment, Health, Pollution Assessment of the Pollutants in Soils and Surface Waters around Gümüşköy Silver Mine (Kütahya, Turkey) Şebnem Arslan1,Uğur Erdem Dokuz1, Mehmet Çelik1, Berihu Abadi Berhe1 1Ankara University Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey A geochemical survey was undertaken and heavy metal concentrations in water and soil samples around Gümüşköy Silver Mine, located in Köprüören Basin, were determined to evaluate the anthropogenic level of contamination due to mining activities. The mean concentrations of As, Pb, Sb and Cd in 12 soil samples are 1193 ppm, 844 ppm, 66 ppm, and 19 ppm, respectively. Water samples collected from the surface waters in the rainy season around the mine site contain elevated concentrations of As, Pb, Sb and Cd whose mean concentrations in a total of 9 samples were found out to be 136 ppb, 27 ppb, 14 ppb, and 2 ppb, respectively. Soil pollution assessment was carried out by using geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution index (PI). Igeo, EF and PI suggest anthropogenic pollution of As, Pb, Sb and Zn in the areas where there is leakage of these heavy metals from the waste pools of the silver mine facility. The contaminants are transported by surface waters in the rainy season. Keywords: Soil pollution, Surface water contamination, Silver mine, Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment factor, Kütahya 98 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Land Use Change Effects on the Groundwater Budget in Demre Plain (Antalya, Turkey) Pınar Avcı1, C. Serdar Bayarı1, N. Nur Özyurt1 1Hacettepe University Geological (Hydrogeological) Engineering, Turkey As a result of favorable climate conditions, a year round agricultural production has been accomplished in the southern coast zone of Turkey. Consequently, Turkey has put herself among top rows of world’s vegetable production with a global rate of 3.2 percent. In many parts of the country, agricultural water demand has been supplied by the groundwater which is also major source of potable water. As a result of extensive abstraction, groundwater levels decline and seawater encroachment degrades the groundwater quality. Demre Plain is located in the Antalya province of southwestern Turkey. The fundamental mainstay in Demre Plain is agriculture that accounts for 7.25% of the total annual production in Antalya province. Groundwater is the sole source of irrigation water need in the plain. Agricultural land use change is a critical factor affecting amount of water used for irrigation. The land use change from past to present in the plain was determined from aerial photographs for the years 1980, 1990, 2009 and from a satellite image of 2004. The data were analyzed in GIS environment to determine the temporal change of land use. The analysis was shown that the orchards, once dominant in the plain, have been changed to greenhouses during the last 30 years. Currently, about 73% of the total agricultural lands in the plain is covered by greenhouses. To determine effect of land use change on groundwater budget in study area; change in aquifer storage during the last 30 years has been analyzed. Results revealed that the increase in greenhouse area has had a positive effect on groundwater budget because of the remarkably low plant water requirement of greenhouse production. Keywords: Land (Antalya,Turkey) use change, Groundwater 99 budget, Alluvial aquifer, Demre plain The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL – D [Ths11]-Mineral Resources, Ore Deposits, Metallogeny Metal Transport by Brines and Hydrocarbons in MVT Deposits. David A. Banks1 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, United Kingdom In MVT deposits transportation of metals is by high salinity sedimentary brines which are similar to Oilfield Brines linking oil producing basins and ore deposits. However this is too simplistic and many oil producing regions despite having highly saline fluids are devoid of mineralization and vice versa. However, many MVT deposits are associated with bitumens, and frequently hydrocarbon fluids are trapped as fluid inclusions. The analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions from ore deposits, by LA-ICP-MS, found them to contain very significant concentrations of the ore forming metals, in many cases they contain 100’ to 1000’s ppm of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, U, etc. Analyses for different deposits around the world show this is repeated wherever hydrocarbons are associated with mineralization. We have analyses for the brine component associated with the hydrocarbons, and so can evaluate the partitioning of metals between oil and water. Analyses of production oils worldwide shows these are extremely depleted in metals compared to oils in ore deposits, with the exception of V and Ni as would be expected. The associated brines also have significantly lower metal concentrations compared to mineralizing brines. Therefore it appears hydrocarbons are an active transporting medium in certain circumstances. It is unclear if organometallic complexes are being formed when the two medium interact at elevated temperatures, or some other process occurs. SEM imaging of opened hydrocarbon inclusions shows they contain small particles of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, Hg, Cd, U have been detected attached to the walls of the inclusions or the oil. So the presence of oil in these deposits may act as a precipitating agent or as transporting agents. Keywords: MVT, Hydrocarbons, Metals, Fluid inclusions 100 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Fluid Pressure Change and Mineralization in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey Gülcan Bozkaya1, David A. Banks2 1Pamukkale 2University University, Department of Geological Engineering, Denizli, TURKEY of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, Leeds, U.K. Epithermal base-metal Au deposits and epithermal Au deposits in the Biga Peninsula almost always show a large range in temperatures and a limited range of salinities of the ore-fluids from the evidence of fluid inclusions. Mineralization currently being exploited was emplaced at approximately 600m, constrained by evidence of boiling or the pressure required to prevent fluid boiling. As some veins are near surface we have an estimate of the amount eroded from the top of the deposits. In general there is no well defined mixing and cooling trend to explain the large temperature range of up to 200°C in the most extreme cases. Fluid salinities are generally low > 2wt% NaCl although occasionally more saline fluids have been found. Fluid temperatures reflect the change with pressure and the lowest temperatures occurring when the pressure changes to hydrostatic. Matching of the pressure and temperature differentials is almost exact in each deposit. As there is not evidence of extensive boiling the pressure change must have been gradual and follow a path close to the L-V curve. However, there are examples where the lowest fluid temperatures are significantly lower than could have been generated going from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure. We attribute these to fluids which have “flashed” and the liquid instantaneously converted to vapour as the pressure reduced significantly below hydrostatic. We find evidence of such fluids in many samples as essentially empty inclusions. Such events we believe are generated by earthquakes. As a mechanism for ore precipitation this is more efficient than boiling or temperature reduction due to change in the confining pressure. Keywords: Fluid inclusions, LA-ICP-MS, Base-metal, Biga peninsula, Turkey 101 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Mineralogy, Mineral Chemistry and Fluid Inclusion Data From Kalkan and Karaağıl (Simav-Kütahya) Iron Skarns O. Gökçen Uğurcan1, Tolga Oyman2 1Istanbul 2Dokuz University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering Eylül University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering Kalkan and Karaağıl skarn deposits located on the southern border of the Eğrigöz Pluton. Skarnization in both areas is associated with the peraluminous, I-type, calcalcaline, high-K calc-alcaline Eğrigöz Pluton. Geochemical characteristics of the pluton indicate that it was generated in a continental arc setting. Kalkan and Karaağıl skarns are hosted in recrystallized calcite bands in two-mica gneiss of Kalkan Formation and locally dolomitic and clay-bearing limestone of Arıkaya Formation, respectively. Skarn development occurred sequentially in two stages, prograde and retrograde. In Kalkan skarn, prograde stage is characterized by clinopyroxene (Di56-73 Hd26-43 Joh1-2), garnet (Adr45-69 Grs30-52 Alm0-1.4 Sps0.7-2.3), amphibole and magnetite, whereas retrograde stage is dominated by epidote, amphibole, chlorite, quartz and calcite. In Karaağıl both calcic and magnesian skarn associationoccurred as a result of local variations in dolomite content of Arıkaya Formation. Prograde assemblage of magnesian skarn is composed chiefly of spinel, amphibole and olivine. These mineral assemblages were, partially or fully, altered to serpentine, talc and chlorite during retrograde alteration. Mesh textures of the serpentine indicates that the serpentine was altered from olivine. Olivine was completely destructed during retrograde alteration without relic grains left. Calcic skarn paragenesis includes garnet (Grs3680Adr20-62Alm0-2.2Sps0.2-2.6), clinopyroxene (Di81-92 Hd7-19 Jo0-1), plagioclase which belongs to earlier stage, and amphibole and chlorite of retrograde stage. High grossular end member of the garnet probably reflects host rock chemistry. In Kalkan skarn, fluid inclusions assemblages of prograde skarn association yields homogenization temperatures from 379 °C to over 600°C; whereas those of retrograde minerals vary between 235°C and 412.1°C. Salinity values of the inclusions which obtained from prograde and retrograde assemblages are (9.2-32.9 %NaCl) and (6.4-16.8 %NaCl), respectively. Homogenization temperatues and salinity values of inclusions in clinopyroxene of Karaağıl calcic skarn 420->600ºC and 21-30% NaCl, respectively. This study is supported by TUBITAK. Keywords: Skarn, Iron, Calc-silicate, Fluid inclusion, Eğrigöz Pluton 102 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey A New Low Sulfidation Epithermal Au – Ag Mineralization within Biga Peninsula: Karadere (Burhaniye, Balıkesir, Turkey) Ali Aluç1, Zafer Gürler, Ilkay Kuşcu1, M. Selman Aydoğan2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 2Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 10145 Balikesir The Biga Peninsula in northwestern Turkey hosts a large number of epithermal Au – Ag – Cu and associated Cu - Au porphyry deposits and prospects. Karadere, one of these prospects is located in Burhaniye (Balikesir, Turkey). At the Karadere prospect, five different rock units are recognized; from oldest to youngest these are metamorphic rocks, intrusive rocks, and volcanic-volcanoclastic sequences consisting of agglomerate, volcanic breccia, andesitic flow-dome complexes and basaltic andesite. Gold and silver mineralization is hosted by quartz veins confined to high to moderate angle normal faults traversing the andesitic domes, and overlying agglomerate-volcanic breccia. The veins are confined to a structural corridor bounded on the south by a NE-trending low-angle normal fault, and on the north by a highangle normal fault. The structures within this corridor appear to be sub-parallel faults trending in N45–50E direction. The mineralized veins are enclosed within quartz – clay - sericite alteration; sericite is being closer to the veins. According to PIMA (Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer) method, three different alteration zones were recognized and mapped: Chlorite – epidote, illite – sericite, and quartz stockwork, alteration zones. The mineralized veins are composed predominantly of sugary quartz and occasional bladed to brecciated textures. No significant vertical zoning with respect to ore-vein texture association is observed throughout the veins. Based on the geographical distribution and associated mineralization, five different main ore zones are determined in the Karadere: South Ore zone, Ballik Ore zone, Kabak Ore zone, Karteldere Ore zone and Göktepe Ore Zone. Keywords: Karadere, Epithermal, Gold, Silver, Low-Sulfidation, Burhaniye, Balikesir, Turkey 103 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Thursday, 16 October 2014 HALL – D [Ses11]-Geodynamics and Ore Deposit Evolution in Tethyan belt Diversity of Metallogenic Settings along the Tethys belt: Lessons from Southeastern Europe and the Lesser Caucasus - Keynote Robert Moritz1 1Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland The Tethyan orogenic belt is the result of a complex evolution, including successive and locally overprinting subduction, accretion, and post-collision events, as a consequence of the convergence between the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates. Adequate conditions for ore deposit formation were generated in different magmatic and tectonic settings, as presented in this overview of two major segments of the Tethys belt, namely the Lesser Caucasus and southeastern Europe, including the Timok-Srednogorie belt and the Rhodope Massif. They document the different Mesozoic and Tertiary geodynamic settings favourable for ore deposit formation along the Tethys belt. In the Lesser Caucasus, Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous eastward subduction along the Eurasian margin resulted in magmatic arc formation and various ore deposits along the Somkheto-Karabagh belt. Still enigmatic, Cu-rich, massive sulphide and vein-type ore deposits, involving seawater in the hydrothermal system, were formed during the Middle to Late Jurassic (e.g. Alaverdi and Kapan districts). Porphyry-epithermal districts (e.g. Teghout and Karadagh-Gedabek) were emplaced at the JurassicCretaceous transition and during the Early Cretaceous, at a time when geodynamic models suggest roll-back of the subducted plate, which is supported by radiogenic isotope data of magmatic rocks. Late Cretaceous transition from late subduction to progressive closure and post-collision evolution between the Eurasian margin and the Gondwana-derived South Armenian block was accompanied by polymetallic and epithermal precious metal mineralization in the Georgian Bolnisi mining district, which corresponds to the eastern extension of the Turkish Eastern Pontides. Accretion of the Gondwana-derived terranes to the Eurasian margin resulted in a southwest-directed subduction jump of the Tethys, and a change in the metallogenic evolution. Eocene magmatic activity developed along some of the inherited terrane boundaries, as documented for instance by the composite Meghri-Ordubad pluton of the southernmost Lesser Caucasus, where porphyry Cu-Mo (e.g. Agarak deposit) and subordinate epithermal deposits were formed during the Eocene calc-alkaline, subduction-related magmatism, which also affected Iran. A younger porphyry Cu-Mo deposit event, including the major Kadjaran and Paragachay deposits, is associated with Oligo-Miocene collision to post-collision evolution of this pluton, and is characterised by a more mantle-dominated, alkaline and high-K-calc-alkaline magmatism, and a distinct adakitic composition during the Miocene. In southeastern Europe, major porphyry and epithermal ore formation in the famous Serbian Bor and Bulgarian Panagyurishte mining districts started during north-verging Late Cretaceous subduction along the Banat-Srednogorie belt, after an episode of south- to north-verging subduction reversal. The most economic deposits were formed early, at the onset of magmatic evolution in each of the mining districts. Progressive southward migration of calc-alkaline magmatism and ore-formation coincided with a progressively higher mantle input, as evidenced by radiogenic isotope data, and interpreted in terms of subduction roll-back. Late Cretaceous flysch sedimentation, followed by Alpine compression provided the adequate environment for preservation of some of the high-sulphidation epithermal deposits. With time, magmatism and oreformation migrated southwards into the Tertiary Rhodope Massif in Bulgaria and Greece, which is an accretionary complex, formed during convergence between a continental promontory of Gondwana affinity and the European plateform. Late Jurassic-Middle Cretaceous compression, thrusting and crustal thickening in the 104 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Rhodope Massif were followed by Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary syn- to post-orogenic collapse, exhumation of metamorphic rocks along detachment faults, Late EoceneOligocene sedimentary continental basins, and Late Eocene to Early Miocene magmatism. Palaeogene magmatism culminated at 30-35 Ma, and was accompanied by abundant post-orogenic, ore-forming hydrothermal activity, including early detachment-related and sedimentary rock-hosted epithermal precious metal deposits (e.g. Ada tepe), followed by base metal skarn and vein-type deposits (e.g. Madan), and low- to high-sulphidation base and precious metal epithermal deposits coeval with felsic magmatism (e.g. Madjarovo, Sapes), locally centred on small porphyry intrusions. Similar ore environments can be traced into Western Turkey. 105 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Heat Flow and Gold Mineralization in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt: Exploration Hot Spots in Turkey Özcan Yiğit1 1Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey Integrated analyses of a gold deposit and prospect database with geological and geophysical data were performed in a GIS environment to determine crustal scale patterns and their relationship with gold metallogeny in Turkey. This study reveals for the first time a close spatial association between gold deposit and prospect density and heat flow in the prolific Turkish sector of the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt (TMB), which may be utilized successfully as a new tool for mineral prospectivity mapping. Background heat flow data in Turkey were calculated for rock types and known host rocks for gold mineralization. Analyses indicate that there is a statistically significant positive spatial correlation between gold deposit and prospect density, and heat flow distribution. Significant gold deposits and prospects [>0.32 Moz gold as reserve and/or resources] have a more pronounced correlation. The frequency distribution of the heat flow values of gold deposits and prospects indicate that 80% have heat flow values more than 41.6 mWm-2. Mean heat flow values for gold deposits and prospects is 63.3 mWm-2 and different deposit or prospect types range from 42.3 to 97.6 mWm2 . The largest gold deposit, middle Miocene Kisladag porphyry, with more than 17 Moz gold endowment sits on the edge of the highest heat flow area. High heat flow areas, which may or may not be genetically related to gold (copper) mineralization, with favorable host rocks and structures are spatially associated with gold mineralization constraining the prospective areas to determine high-priority targets. Turkey as well as other parts of TMB and other metallogenic belts, e.g., N and S American Cordillera and SW Pacific, should be tested for similar relationships. Keywords: Tethyan Metallogenic Belt, GIS, Gold Copper, Metallogeny, Mineral exploration, Heat flow (Flux), Crustal structures, Mineral prospectivity mapping 106 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Timing of Magmatism Associated with Mineralizations in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey Porphyry-Type Okan Delibaş1,2, Robert Moritz2, Alexey Ulianov3, Massimo Chiaradia2, Deniz Göç1, Mustafa Özkan1 1General 2Earth Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 3Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Turkey lies in the central part of the Tethyan-Eurasian Metallogenic Belt (TEMB), and comprises mainly three tectonic units with distinct stratigraphic and structural features. These are the Anatolides-Taurides, the Arabian Platform and the Pontides. The three terranes at the north of Turkey named: Strandja, Istanbul and Sakarya, are grouped in a tectonic entity known as the Pontides extending from the Aegean Sea in the west to the Eastern Pontides in the east. The geological evolution of the EWtrending Pontides has been mainly linked to intense magmatic activity as a result of the subduction of the Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Eastern Pontides represent an important example of subduction related calc-alkaline magmatism with widespread calc-alkaline plutonic rocks and this belt hosts a number of sub-economic porphyry prospects. This study focuses on, from west to east, the Elbeyli-Ordu, Emeksen-Giresun, and Ulutaş-Ispir porphyry-type mineralizations in the Eastern Pontides. In this contribution, we present new U-Pb zircon age data acquired by LAICP-MS and, new isotopic and geochemical data, which allow us to constrain oreforming events in the Eastern Pontides. Our new data show that the Elbeyli-Ordu MoCu mineralization is hosted within 77.0±1.3 Ma monzodiorite in shoshonitic character. NW- and NE-striking quartz-molybdenite veins in the Emeksen prospect crosscut calcalkaline granite dated at 78.54±0.79 Ma and a granodiorite dated a 78.68±0.50Ma. The Ulutaş Cu-Mo mineralization in the Ispir-Erzurum area consists of dissemination, stockwork and NW-striking veins and the mineralization is hosted within a highly sericitized quartz-porphyry that intruded into a 132.94±0.60 Ma porphyritic quartz monzonite. Keywords: Pontides, Eastern Pontides, Porphyry Type Mineralization, Tethyan-Eurasian Metallogenic Belt 107 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Timescales and Geochemistry of Tertiary Magmatism and Porphyry Cu-Mo Formation of the Composite Meghri-Ordubad Pluton, Southern Armenia, Lesser Caucasus H. Rezeau1, R. Moritz1,M. Ovtcharova1, M. Chiaradia1, R. Melkonyan2, R. Tayan2, S. Hovakimyan2, A. Ulianov3 1Earth and Environmental Sciences Section, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 2Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia 3Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne, Switzerland The Lesser Caucasus is a key area to understand the metallogenic and geodynamic link between the western and eastern domains of the Tethys belt. The composite Meghri-Ordubad pluton, which hosts porphyry Cu-Mo and epithermal deposits, has been chosen for this study because it exhibits Eocene, Oligocene and early Miocene intrusive rocks, which are associated both in time and space with porphyry Cu-Mo deposits. By combining U-Pb zircon and Re-Os molybdenite geochronology, we illustrate nearly continuous magmatism associated with ore-forming events from the Eocene to early Miocene. The whole-rock geochemistry of the Eocene and Miocene plutonic rocks is very similar and indicates a calc-alkaline affinity, whereas the Oligocene magmatism is characterized by an alkaline affinity. Trace element characteristics reveal typical subduction-related signatures for the Eocene to Miocene magmatic events. Furthermore, the Oligocene rocks contain high-aluminum amphiboles (hastingsite) whereas the Eocene and early Miocene rocks contain low-aluminum amphiboles (hornblende to actinolite). Pressure and temperature calculations suggest that the Oligocene rocks may have crystallized in the lower crust while the Eocene and Miocene rocks have crystallized in the upper crust. Preliminary Nd and Sr isotopic compositions from the magmatic rocks broadly indicate an increasing mantle-derived component with progressively younger magmatic events, with decreasing 87Sr/86Sr ratios and increasing 143Nd/144Nd ratios. These differences make this composite Meghri-Ordubad pluton one of the best areas to investigate the link between magmatism and ore-formation during subsequent subduction, collision and/or post-collision events along the Tethys belt. Keywords: Magmatism, Geochronolgy, Geochemistry, Porphyry, Caucasus, Armenia 108 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Mineralization of the Gedabek Gold-Copper Deposit, (Lesser Caucasus), Azerbaijan Gamet Guseynov1, Anar Valiyev2, Sabuhi Mammadov2, Aydin Bayramov3 1Scientific - Research Institute of Mineral Resources at the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic, Azerbaijan 2Azerbaijan 3Baku International Mining Company, Azerbaijan State University, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan straddles the mountain ranges of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, which are part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain chain that marks the collision of the African and Indian continental plates with the Eurasian plate. Gedabek deposit is located within the Shamkir raise of Lok-Karabakh metallogenic zones of the Lesser Caucasus which is part of Tehyan Ore Belt. Lok-Karabakh zone represents the boundary uplift of the Lesser Caucasus; Lok-Karabakh zone arc encircles it from the north, north-east and east. In the north it is separated from the Kura depression by near-Lesser Caucasus deflection and from the last-by the deep regional foundation The mineralogy texture, and ore formation of Gedabek was examined to determine the geological conditions, time and spatial relations of the gold mineralization with alteration mineral assemblages. Mineral composition of the ore is set in a result of field documentation, microscopic study of polished sections, and interpreting the chemical analytical data. The X-rays, measurements sectors of reflection, and X-ray microanalysis laser had used to for the mineral diagnosis. The measurements were performed on the "ПИОН" (portable pulsed nanosecond single block) in the laboratory by L.N. Vyalsov “ИГЕМРАН” (Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences). The results of the work on the mineralogical composition of ore deposits Gedabek concluded the following conclusions: 1. Based on microscopic study of a Quite number of polished sections were examined the samples were geochemically analyzed. The following minerals were first discovered in the deposit by the authors: maghemite, linneite, minneite (mine), molybdenite, and heulandite. 2. The main carrier of gold deposit is Gedabay early pyrite. Gold in this mineral is in a thin dispersion condition. In chalcopyrite observed visible gold, which is probably due to the second stage of ore deposition. 3. The results are of great practical importance in choosing the right technologydevelopment scheme to extract gold from sulfide ores of the deposit. Keywords: Gedabek Gold-Copper, Azerbaijan 109 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Early-Middle Eocene Magmatism and Related Epithermal Systems of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey Mustafa Erde Bilir1, Ilkay Kuşcu1, Aleksandar Mišković2, Craig Hart2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University/Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey 2University of British Columbia/Mineral Deposit Research Unit, Canada Geochemical character of magmatic rocks hosting epithermal systems in postsubduction and collisional/postcollisional tectonic settings is a key feature and can be used as a prospective exploration tool for epithermal deposits. The eastern Pontides are characterized by east-west trending tectono-magmatic domains developed due to subduction of the Tethyan oceanic crust beneath Eurasian plate. Diversity in age and composition of magmatism are likely related to transition from arc via syn-collisional thickening to post-collisional extensional tectonism. The Eocene magmatism, thought to be a favorable host for epithermal systems, appears to be associated with postcollisional events. High, intermediate, and low sulfidation (Eocene) epithermal systems of eastern Pontides are hosted by porphyritic volcanic rocks with intermediate composition (andesite, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite), intermediate to felsic and alkali to subalkalic plutonic rocks (diorite, syenodiorite, qranodiorite, granite) or hydrothermal and volcanic breccia pipes. Geochemical studies suggest that host rocks are formed in subduction inherited tectonic setting (enrichment in LILE and LREE and depletion in Ta, Nb P and Ti), mostly high-K calc-alkaline and non-adakitic in signature. Epithermal gold mineralization is dominantly associated with silicification and brecciation. Zoned hydrothermal alteration envelopes are characterized by silicification near deposit centers, quartz-clay and propylitic alteration along their margins and late calcite and/or barite veins. The aim is to characterize geochemical and geochronological features of the Eocene magmatism in eastern Pontides and relate them to the regional variability of epithermal mineralization. Keywords: Early-middle Eocene magmatism, Geochemistry, Epithermal mineralization, Eastern Pontides, Turkey 110 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Friday, 17 October 2014 HALL – B [Ses14] - Muğla – Özlüce Turolian Park Project Turolian Park Project of Muğla Province Berna Alpagut1 1Ankara University, Turkey Three rich fosssil mammalian localities were found covering approximately 7000m 2 area on the northern slope of Kaklica Hill which one km.far from Özlüce Village is located at the Yilanli site,about 35km NW of Muğla.The excavations were conducted in 1993 under the scientific consultation of Prof.Dr.B.Alpagut together with Muğla Museum Directorate.Starting from 1994,the excavations had started with the financial support and authorization of Ministry of Culture and Tourism. From 2000 till today,it continued with the framework of the studies,entitled as"Turolian Park Project" which aims to revive cultural tourism as having the valuable support of Muğla Governership.Numerous fossils which have been on exhibition in the "Dr.Lale Aytaman Natural History Section" which was opened on 19 thFebruary 1994 at the Muğla Archaeological Museum and the remaning specimens at the archives are enlightening extinct species,their habitats and paleoecological evaluations.This paper will be present the cultural tourism point of view. Keywords: Natural History, Museum/Open-air Museum, Cultural tourism The Role of Education for the Historical Environment Conservation of Muğla under the Turolian Park Project Seda Deniz Kesici1, 1Muğla -Bodrum Archeological Museum, Turkey This paper will be present to introduce the role of education at every level of society for conservation of historical enviroments in the Muğla province under the Turolian Park Project. Keywords: Natural history conservation, Historical environment, Education Anatolian Miocene Rhinocerotidae Paleoecological Indicators through Gülşah Güler1, Berna Alpagut1 1Ankara University, Turkey Parameters such as the diet of Rhinocerotidae which lived in Anatoliawith Hominoidea in Miocene period and their relations in food chain their chracteristics with regard to climate and vegetation,their locomation,explanation of their migrations and their phylogenetical relationships,enlightening,geological,sedimentological and stratigraphical structure of the locality in which fossils are found determining MNI and taphonomy constitute the subject of this paper. The aim is by using some of the indicators in order to explaine Anatolian Palaeoecology by supporting Anatolian Rhinocerotidae fossil samples. Keywords: Paleoecology, Rhinocerotidae, Diet 111 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Miocene Çorakyerler Vertebrate Fossil Locality Paleofauna of Ayla Sevim Erol1, Alper Yener Yavuz2 1Ankara University Faculty of Language and History, Geography, Turkey 2Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Art and Science, Turkey Çorakyerler vertebrate fossil locality, which is in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, is located in the boundaries of Çankiri province. This locality is on the road between city center and Yaprakli district. The locality was first discovered by Mineral Research and Exploration Institute and German Lignite Research team and the excavations in this locality have been hold since 2001. Çorakyerler vertebrate fossil locality, whose altitude is about 745 metres, is between MN11-12 zones (about 8-7 million years) according to both faunal and magnetostratigrafic dating. The locality, which is emerged with the low tide of Tetis Sea and located on Çankiri-Çorum basin, was first covered with forestland but then turned to savannah with the effect of dry climate in the late Miocene era. The fossils of the animals, which are extinct in Çankiri today but were alive in Çorakyerler in the late Miocene, are found in the excavations. As a result of the excavations held in the locality for more than ten years time, there found more than 3000 remarkable fossils and all of their restorations and conservations are done. Çorakyerler, where so many different species of Late Miocene Era from Artiodactyla order to Perissodactyla order, from carnivora to primate order lived, is a very significant locality all around the world especially in the illumination of Anatolia paleoechology and paleofauna and the migration of mammals. Keywords: Çorakyerler, Paleoechology, Late Miocene 112 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Friday, 17 October 2014 HALL – B [ThS22] – Tectonics Neotectonic Characteristics of the Gülbahçe Surrounding Area, Western Anatolia-Turkey (İzmir) and Taygun Uzelli1, R. Kadir Dirik1, Erman Özsayın1 1Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey The Gülbahçe and Kuşçular-Urla Fault Zones are the most important structures in the Karaburun Peninsula of the Western Anatolia and extending from Siğacik Bay in the south to Gülbahçe Bay in the north. The main subject of this study is to research and discuss stratigraphic and neotectonic characteristics of the Gülbahçe Fault Zone and northwestern parts of the Kuşçular-Urla Fault Zone near Izmir Institute of Technology (IYTE) and represent the seismic activity of the fault zones and surrounding region. Rock units exposed in the study area are divided into two main groups: basement and cover units. The Nohutalan Formation of the Karaburun Platform Carbonates and sedimentary deposits of the Bornova Flysch Zone form the basement units which are unconformably overlain by Lower-Middle Miocene Yağcilar Formation, Lower Miocene Gülbahçe volcanics, Middle-Upper Miocene Urla volcanics and Pleistocene Ballikaya conglomerate cover units. Alluvial fans, talus and alluvium form the recent deposits. Morphological expressions of NW-SE to NE-SW trending faults and their relationships to regional stress system indicate that these faults are mostly normal and strike-slip faults. Field observations and paleostress analysis clearly indicate that the study area and surrounding region experienced two-phase deformation. Former is represented by radial extensive stress regime while latter corresponds to pure-shear stress regime, compatible with the ongoing regional stress distribution. Distributions of the earthquake epicenters show that these fault zones are seismically active. Keywords: Western Anatolia, Neotectonic, Gülbahçe Fault Zone, Kuşçular-Urla Fault Zone, Paleostress analysis, Gülbahçe, Urla, Seismic Evidences of Structural Evolution Messinian Salt Deposition and Its Mehmet Akif Sünnetçioğlu1, Rıza Özgür Temel1 1TPAO, Turkey Extensive fieldworks of the Messinian salt sequences have been carried out along the the Eastern Mediterranean Basins, e.g. Adana, Mersin, Iskenderun, Hatay-Samandağ and Cyprus island. Due to limited extension onshore Turkish sector, offshore seismic data represents invaluable information about their existence and structural evolution. This study examines the extension, geometry and post-depositional deformation of Messinian evaporites offshore Antalya using seismic sections. Lower evaporites, reflection free halite and upper evaporites are three distinct seismic facies, defined on seismic sections. The distribution and major characteristics of each facies indicated us nearshore Alanya along the eastern side of the Gulf and Cyprus island, where upper evaporites are dominant, represents shallow marine and terresterial environment, whereas western offshore Cyprus towards the Florence rise can be classified as deep marine depositional environment. Unlike Adana-Mersin, Nile Delta and Levantine Basins, where passive margin salt tectonic models can be applicable, Messinian salts in the Antalya Basin were deformed in compressional tectonic regime under the varying stress regime of the Mediterranean. a wide compressional domain with fold and thrusts, are observed in regional structural maps. The major triggering factor for compression might be related to the transpressional movements between African and Eurasian plates along the western sector of the Cyprus arc. Keywords: Eastern Mediterranean, Antalya basin , Messinian, Salt tectonics 113 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Friday, 17 October 2014 HALL – C [ThS25]-Geothermal Structural Controls on Gülbahçe Geothermal System and Its Hydrogeochemical Properties (Western Turkey) Taygun Üzelli1, Gamze Gül Mungab2, Alper Baba2, Hasan Sözbilir3 1Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey 2Izmir Institute of Technology, Geothermal Energy Research and Application Center, Izmir, Turkey 3Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Geological Engineering, Izmir, Turkey Gülbahçe Geothermal Field (GGF) is located in eastern parts of the Karaburun Peninsula and is about 45 km away from the city of Izmir, Turkey. The stratigraphy around the GGF is represented by a Miocene volcano-sedimentary succession, including several sedimentary and volcanic units. These units overlie the basement rocks of the Karaburun Platform Carbonates and Bornova Flysch Zone which consists of carbonate blocks embedded in sandstone and mudstone alternations. GGF is located on the Gülbahçe Fault Zone, and are composed of series of NW-SE to NE-SW trending faults, extending from Sığacık Bay to Gülbahçe Bay. While most of the geothermal systems in western Turkey are controlled by normal faults, geothermal systems at the Gülbahçe are controlled by NE/NW-trending strike-slip faults and NE/NW-trending oblique-slip normal faults. An association of these active faults accommodating deep circulation of hydrothermal fluids of sea water origin is the primary control mechanisms of geothermal systems of Gülbahçe. The hydrogeochemical properties of GGF show that surface temperature of fluid range from 31 to 37°C. Geothermal fluids of GGF have high salinity (EC > 34 mS/cm) and low enthalpy. Piper and Schoeller diagrams indicated that geothermal fluid is in NaCl facies. The isotopic data (oxygen-18, deuterium and tritium) represent that geothermal fluid are formed by local recharge and deep circulation of sea waters. Keywords: Geothermal fluid, Gülbahçe Fault Zone, Isotope, High salinity, Western Turkey Hydrothermal Alteration Studies in Balçova Geothermal Field Mine Alacalı1 1Atatürk University, Oltu Faculty of Earth Sciences, Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Balçova GeothermalField is located 10 km western part of Izmir city. The lithology in the field, from oldest to youngest, are the Upper Cretaceous Izmir Flysch, Miocene aged Yeniköy Formation consist of sandstone, claystone and limestone, Pliocene aged Cumaovası Volcanites consist of agglomerates, tuff, andesites and rhyolites, Quaternernary alluvium and debris flows. By examining the structural, hydrogeological, geochemical properties of the Balçova Geothermal Field, the relationship between these and geothermal potential of the field has been searched. Hot water samples have been taken from the deep wells of the Balçova Geothermal Field. The analysis of the samples have been run in the computer program named “Aquachem 3.70” and classified by the diagrams obtained. Afterwards the examination of the well-logs of the several deep wells; cutting samples and well-cores have been taken from the appropriate levels and have been studied by the means of petrology and hydrothermal alteration. As a result; 3 zones have been determined in the field. These are; montmorillonite + kaolinite zone (100-200oC), transition zone (150-200oC) and chlorite + illite zone (200-250oC). Keywords: Balçova, Geothermal, Hydrothermal alteration 114 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Investigation of a Shallow Geothermal Anomalies Using Multi Electrode Resistivity Method: a Case from Turkey Hatice Karakılçık1, Ali Karan 1Cukurova University, Faculty of Engineering& Architecture, Department of Geology Engineering, Adana, Turkey In this study, in order to identify the geotermal potential of the study area, multielectrode resistivity studies were carried out to investigate of a shallow geothermal anomalies in the study area where is located in about 90 km north of Aksaray, Turkey. Multi-electrode resistivity studies was performed in five profiles with equipment the AGI brand 8-channel and 84-electrode by taking electrode spacing of 20 meters at the profiles in length of 1660 meters, dipole-gradient expansions are used. The obtained measurements data from the field are evaluated in `Eartimag 2D and 3D` software and upon them underground structure cross section are prepared. Low resistivity values and shallow faults were observed at geoelectric section. These values were attributed to hot fluid circulation. Obtaining low resistivity values in geoelectric sections are evaluated positively for the presence of geothermal potential. At the study area, Neogen aged surfaces with marns have the properties of cap rock since they have low permeability. And also, from the limestone’s low permeability it can be concluded that a conventional hydrothermal circulation system. Therefore, limestones constitute the reservoir of the hot water supply in the study area. As a result of multielectrode resistivity studies, recommended in place at the study area have been drilled artesian wells at 550 m in depth. The temperature of water in the reservoir was measured about 65 °C. Flow rate was measured as around 200 lt/s. This study also emphasizes the significance of low-temperature hydrothermal fields for the region. Geothermal explorations in this part of the country are rare and this study may lead to surveys and exploration programs for new fields. Keywords: Geothermal Hydrothermal fields exploration, Electrical 115 methods, Multi-electrode resistivity, The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Discovery of a subaqueous hot spring by a new method in Fethiye-Göcek Bay (SW Turkey) Özgür Avşar1, Ulaş Avşar2, Şebnem Arslan3, Bedri Kurtuluş1,Orkun Türe1, Nilgün Güleç4 1Muğla 2King SıtkıKoçman University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Turkey Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3Ankara 4Middle University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey East Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey Fethiye-Göcek Bay is located in a geothermally active area namely Aegean region, SW Turkey. As a new method, instead of measuring vertical CTD profiles, a multiprobe sonde (YSI 6600) is lowered to the sea down to 1-2 meters above the water/sediment interface, and water temperature was measured along profiles horizontal to the sea bottom with a temporal resolution of one second. Accordingly, 6 km/h cruising speed allowed water temperature measurements with 1.7 meters spatial resolution. Following a dense cruising grid lead the detection of a temperature anomaly in İnlice Bay. In addition to the water temperature measurements by the multiprobesonde, enhanced temperature in the vicinity of the hot spring was confirmed by thermoprobe measurements in the sediments around the hot spring. The discovered subaqueous hot spring İnlice Bay was then sampled by the divers for hydrogeochemical analyses. According to the water chemistry analyses results, the water is Na-Cl type. In order to delineate the hydrogeochemistry of the geothermal system, along with the subaqueous hot spring, samples were taken from on-land cold springs and sea water as well. Comparison of the chemistry of on-land cold springs with the sea water chemistry of İnlice subaqueous hot spring revealed that it is a mixture of sea water and fresh water with more than 90% sea water contribution. Stable isotope analysis results also support this phenomenon with 7.6 and 1.46 δD and δ18O values, respectively. Discovery of this spring by this new method encourages new investigations especially in the Aegean region.This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Research Project Fund (Project No:112Y137). Keywords: Geothermal, Mineral waters,Muğla,Stable isotopes 116 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Friday, 17 October 2014 HALL – D [Ths12]-Geochemistry and Petrology Geochemistry of the Katrangediği (Cenomanian) and Doğankuzu (Senonian-Maestrihtian) Formations of the Geyikdağı Unit, and Modern Terra-Rossa Occurrences, Central Taurides, Turkey M.M. Karadağ1, Ş. Küpeli1, A. Turan1 1Department of Geological Engineering, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey The Katrangediği and Doğankuzu Formations(KF and DF) were depleted in most major and trace elements but the terra-rossa(TR) over the KF and DF was enriched relative to the PAAS. The large variations are obserwed in ΣREE contents among the KF(104.92 ppm), DF(7.95 ppm) and TR(302.04 ppm). The most samples of the KF and DF have non-seawater-like REE patterns that can be interpreted as resulting from the incorporation of near-shore colloids, possibly related to Fe-oxihydroxide scavenging. The TR also has REE distribution that conforms to a typical shale composition that may be due to the TR is consisting of terrigenous materials included in the KF and DF. The KF and DF show strong negative and positive correlations between REE and CaO(r=-0.90) and, REE and the other major oxides(r=0.98), high ΣREE and Al2O3 contents, low Y/Ho and high(La/Yb)N ratios. The KF commonly shows positive but the DF negative and TR positive or no Ce(Ce/Ce*) anomalies as well as most of the limestone and TR samples show positive Eu(Eu/Eu*) anomalies. The REE patterns and La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Cr/Th, and Th/Sc ratios of the KF and DF indicate that the terrigenous materials of them were mainly derived from an intermediate to felsic source and further from a nearby exposed siliciclastic rocks of the Cambro-Ordovician Seydişehir Formation. This scenerio was also supported by the perfect similarity between the REE patterns of the Seydişehir phyllite and the recent terra-rossa that indicates a genetic relationship. On the other hand, the KF and DF show REE patterns similar to those of the modern seawater, suggesting that modern seawater conditions already developed in the southeastern Paleo-Tethys margin of Turkey at the Upper Cretaceous time period. Keywords: Geochemistry, Rare earth elements, Katrangediği and Doğankuzu Formation , Turkey 117 Provenance, Limestone, Cretaceous, The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey C, O Isotope and REE+Y Geochemistry of the Middle Cambrian Çaltepe Formation in the Bağbaşı-Hadim (Konya) Area, Central Taurides, Southern Turkey Ş. Küpeli1, A. Turan1, M.M. Karadağ1 1Department of Geological Engineering, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey Lower Paleozoic units in the area consist of the Middle Cambrian Çaltepe and Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Seydişehir Formations. The Çaltepe Formation was divided into four members from bottom to top as dolomite; black limestone; light-grey limestone and red nodular limestone (Dean, 1976). The δ 13C ratios of the samples from the all members of the Çaltepe Formation in the Bağbaşı-Hadim section show a narrow range between -0,59‰ to 1,46‰, with an average of 0,61‰, and is characterized by two previously undescribed minor negative carbon isotopic excursions peaking at-0,59‰ and-0,27‰. The δ18O values of the Çaltepe Formation (ÇF) range from -5,98‰ to -13,92‰, with a mean value of -9,10‰. The low strontium contents of the Lower (LD=79,10 ppm) and upper dolomite levels 18 (UD=84,37 ppm) associated with depleted δ O values of dolomitizing fluids (-5,98‰ to -11,59‰ VSMOW) and mainly micritic grain size, points an early precipitation of dolomites (LD and UD) at low temperatures of near-surface conditions from solutions probably formed by mixing of Middle Cambrian sea and meteoric waters. ΣREE contents of the sample groups are increased from bottom to top of the transgressive ÇF with increasing of terrigenous material contents. The detrital input into the carbonate members is evidenced by positive correlation between ΣREE and Al2O3, negative correlation of ΣREE with (CaO+MgO) and differences in Y/Ho ratios. The PAAS normalized LD show non-seawater-like REE+Y signatures, while the UD exhibit seawater-like REE+Y patterns. The carbonate members of the ÇF show small and very similar Ce anomalies. The non-seawater-like REE patterns, relativelly high ΣREE contents, high (La/Yb)N values and low Y/Ho ratios indicate that the REE characteristics of seawater was overprinted by those of the terrigenous materials involved in the ÇF. The members of the ÇF show highly positive Mn* values, combined with high V/(V+Ni) ratios and Ce anomalies, indicating that the ÇF have been deposited under the oxidizing environmental conditions. Keywords: C and O isotopes, REE+Y, Carbonate, Geochemistry, Dolomite, Çaltepe, Bağbaşı, Hadim 118 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey POSTER SESSIONS 119 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey POSTER PRESENTATIONS 13 – 15 October 2014 Geological and Geochemical Features of Volcanic Rocks from Yıldızeli Region (Sivas, NE Turkey) Gönenç Göçmengil1, Zekiye Karacık, Ş. Can Genç 1Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Volcanic rocks in the Yıldızeli region exposed where Kırşehir Massif and Eastern Pontides are juxtaposed. Post-Paleocene (Middle Eocene?) volcanic and sedimentary units in the area collectively named as the Yıldızeli Group; unconformably overlie and/or have fault bounded contacts with the basement units. in this study, we present preliminary result of the field and geochemical data from the volcanic rocks of Yıldızeli Group to make an approach to the Cenozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of the region. The Yıldızeli Group consists of (i) trachyte-trachyandesite lavas, (ii) limestonesandstone-shales, (iii) basalt-basaltic andesite lavas with pyroclastic units. Trachytetrachyandesite lavas are porphyritic in texture and contain phenocrysts of sanidine, plagioclase (An30-40), amphibole, clinopyroxene, biotite, ±quartz and opaque minerals. Geochemical data of trachyte-trachyandesite show alkaline and shoshonitic character together with negative Nb-Ta, P and Ti anomalies and enrichment in Rb, Ba, Th, and Nd. No significant enrichments of LREE relative to HREE ((La/Lu)n =13.416.9) observed. Besides, basalt and basaltic andesites have intersertal, microlitic and glomeroporphyric texture and contain phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and plagioclase (An25-50), ±iddingsitized olivine, ±hornblend, ±biotite and opaque minerals. Geochemical data indicating sub-alkaline to mildly alkaline character with negative NbTa, P, Ti and enrichment in Sr, Rb, Ba, Th. They show moderate enrichment of LREE relative to HREE (La/Lu)n =4.5-10.2) with slight Eu anomalies. Considering the geochemical data of Yıldızeli Group we may propose that subduction and/or crustal contamination might play important role in the generation and evolution of the magma. Keywords: Eocene Magmatism, Whole rock geochemical data, Subduction, Crustal assimilation 120 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Mineralogical Properties of Volcanic Units in the Kızılırmak Formation around Kozaklı (Nevşehir)-Felahiye (Kayseri), Turkey Zehra Karakaş1, Turhan Ayyildiz1, Adem Özdemir2 1Ankara 2Bülent University, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey Ecevit University, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Zonguldak, Turkey This study is about the mineralogy and depositional environment of Kızılırmak formation (Late Miocene to Early Pliocene)’s volcanic unit with claystone facies within the Kozaklı basin of central Anatolia, Turkey. The volcanic levels of the Kızılırmak formation are described as Tahar member. It overlies siliciclastic of the Kızılırmak formation and overlain by lacustrine deposits of Kozaklı member. Tahar member is represented by volcanic and siliciclastic, and volcanic and lacustrine limestoneclaystone alternation. Volcanics are tuffitic properties according to mineralogic and petrographic determination. It is composed of volcanic glass, rock fragment and crystals, and called as vitric tuff and crystal tuff. Its texture is cryptocrystalline, and carbonatization, argilization and ferroan oxide are also observed. Whole rock and clay fraction XRD analysis about tuff and claystone facies indicate that the studied samples have quartz, feldspar and opal-CT, and smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, palygorskite and illite minerals, respectively. Smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, palygorskite and illite indicate that these minerals were formed diagenetically by the reaction of volcanic glass and feldspar with interstitial pore water and/or connate water trapped during deposition. Keywords: Kozaklı, Ignimbirite, Volcanic glass, Palygorskite, Tahar member 121 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Investigation of the Quaternary Geological Context of the February 2011 Massive Failures at the Çöllolar Coalfield, Eastern Turkey Naki Akçar1, Vural Yavuz2, Susan Ivy-Ochs3 1University 2Istanbul 3ETH of Bern, Switzerland Technical University, Turkey Zurich, Switzerland In February 2011, two landslides in which 10 workers were killed occurred in the Çöllolar open pit mine in eastern Turkey. Based on field mapping and isotopic techniques we aim to understand the geological and hydrological context of the massive failures. The Çöllolar coalfield is in the Elbistan basin an intramontane basin bound by the Taurus and Antitaurus Mountains. The basin covers an area of 900 km² and has a mean elevation of about 1200 m. The northwestern sector of this basin, the Çöllolar coalfield, contains 90 km2 of mineable coal which has been excavated for many years. The basement rock in this field is karstic limestone, which is overlain by a thick layer of clay (>100 m), followed by 20-50 m thick Lignite series that is overlain by the 2050 m thick Gyttja sequence. These deposits are overlain by Quaternary deposits, comprising the top surfaces of the terraces of the Hurman River, which drains the surface and ground water from the surrounding hills to the northeast towards the center of the Elbistan basin. In this study, we focus on the geologic factors that led to instability and the trigger of the landslides with respect to the ground and surface waters. We employ detailed mapping in the field to build the Quaternary stratigraphy of the basin, with a main focus on the terraces of the Hurman River. We use cosmogenic 36Cl to reconstruct the chronology of these terraces. We also analyze meteoric 36Cl both in surface and groundwater to detect the recharge areas, calculate the groundwater flow rates and estimate the age of the groundwater. First results will be presented. Keywords: Landslide, Terrace, Cosmogenic, 36Cl, Anatolia, Groundwater, Gyttja, Lignite, Flow rate, Dating 122 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geomorphological and Chronological Evolution of the Akdağ Rockslide (SW Turkey) Cihan Bayrakdar1, Naki Akçar2, Tolga Görüm3, Susan Ivy-Ochs4, Christof Vockenhuber4 1Department 2Institute 3Natural of Geography, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Sciences Research Center, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 4Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland Landslides triggered by bedrock failures are one of the main geohazards in the high mountain areas. They constitute some of the largest landslide deposits on the Earth. This study focuses on the geomorphological evolution of the Akdağ rockslide which is located on the southern slope of the Mount Akdağ, SW Turkey. in this study, we employed detailed mapping in the field, spatial and morphometric analysis using GIS and remote sensing technologies, and surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl in order to reconstruct the evolution and the chronology of the landslide. For the analysis of the cosmogenic 36Cl, we collected 18 samples from the carbonaceous boulders from the landslide. Our field mapping showed that the Akdağ rockslide is a very large and active slope failure developed between the carbonates and the flysch. Its deposit covers an area of 15 km2 and has a volume of about 7 km3. It is one of the largest (>106 m3) landslides in Turkey. Settlements and their infrastructure have been severely damaged due to this activity. At least, three distinct phases of evolution was distinguished in the field: (1) collapse of the carbonates onto the flysch; (2) development successive slumps in the flysch; and (3) planar sliding and disintegration of the latter. The activity of the landslide is manifested by intensive denudation and numerous shallow secondary landslides within its deposit. Based on the field evidence, we estimate that the landslide occurred after the end of the Last Glacial period. Keywords: Surface exposure dating, Cosmogenic, 123 36Cl, Taurides, Taurus, Anatolia The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Understanding the Intra-Plate Deformation of the Anatolia: Insights from Preliminary Slip-Rates of the Malatya-Ovacık Fault, Eastern Turkey, During the Last 16 Ka Cengiz Zabcı1, Taylan Sançar2, Dimitry Tikhomirov3, Christof Vockenhuber4, Susan Ivy-Ochs5, Naki Akçar6 1Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Ayazağa Yerleşkesi Maden Fak. Jeoloji Müh. Bölümü Istanbul, Turkey 2Tunceli Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Jeoloji Müh. Bölümü Tunceli, Turkey 3Institute of Geological Sciences University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 1+3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 4Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics ETH Zürich CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland 5Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics ETH Zürich CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland 6Institute of Geological Sciences University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 1+3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Morphochronologic studies particularly address the spatio-temporal behavior of faults from few hundred to thousands of years by documenting the geometry, age, and evolution of deformed landforms, while geodetic data provide detailed spatial coverage but represent a short time interval of a single earthquake cycle. The deformation of the Anatolian plate is mainly localized at its northern and eastern margins, along the North Anatolian (NAF) and the East Anatolian (EAF) faults. The Malatya-Ovacık Fault (MOF) is located parallel/sub-parallel to the EAF with same sense of motion. Geodetic slip-rates of the MOF change from 1.2 to 1.6 mm/a, which are exceeded with almost factor of 7 to 8 by the modeled velocities of the EAF (~10 mm/a). In this study, we concentrated on the Ovacık Segment of the MOF, where faulting is clearly observed along well-preserved fault scarps and offset fluvial landforms. in order to construct the slip history, we performed rtk-GPS survey and collected samples for surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl at the Köseler site (39.364°N, 39.169°E). We measured two independent offsets 19±3 and 30±5 m of the terrace riser bounding the fan surface and the lower terrace tread and the inner boundary of the alluvial fan, respectively. Analyses of cosmogenic 36Cl yielded exposure ages 12 ka for the inset terrace surface and 16 ka for the alluvial fan. Measured offsets and exposure ages together provide slip rates of 1.5 and 1.9 mm/a, which are slightly higher than the block model velocities. Our preliminary results are important not only for understanding the temporal behavior of the MOF, but also for the seismic assessment of the region. This study was supported by TUBITAK Project 114Y227. Keywords: Earthquake, Cosmogenic, dating 36Cl, North Anatolian Fault, Anatolia, Surface exposure 124 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Glaciations in the Western Balkans: Pleistocene To Present-Day Philip Hughes1, Jamie Woodward1 1The University of Manchester Ice caps and large valley glaciers once covered extensive areas of the western Balkans. The largest ice caps were >1000 km 2 and found in central Montenegro and Albania, including the Durmitor and Prokletije massifs. a smaller ice cap, yet still covering an area of 165 km2, covered Mount Orjen on the Adriatic coast. Further south smaller ice caps, ice fields and valley glaciers formed in the Pindus Mountains of Greece. More than 50 U-series dates from secondary carbonate cements in glacial deposits indicate that the most extensive glaciation occurred during the Middle Pleistocene, correlating with a major phase of glaciation during MIS 12 (c. 480-430 ka). Later, less extensive, glaciations are also recorded in the cirques and valleys and correlate with glaciations during MIS 6 (190-130 ka) and MIS 5d-2 (110-11.7 ka). During the last glacial cycle there is strong evidence that the largest glaciers reached their maximum between 30 and 25 ka, a few thousand years before the global Last Glacial Maximum. Glaciers were also present during the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka) on many of the highest mountains and confirm the influence of North Atlantic Ocean circulation on Pleistocene climate change in this part of the Mediterranean. In the Durmitor and Prokletije Massifs, small cirque glaciers still survive today under conditions strongly controlled by local topoclimate. Many more existed during the Little Ice Age. These late Holocene glaciers provide a valuable source of comparison with the major Pleistocene glaciations. Keywords: Glaciers, Glaciation, Greece, Montenegro, Climate, Geochronology, Quaternary 125 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Quaternary Anatolia Glaciations of Kavuşşahap Mountains, Eastern Serdar Yeşilyurt1, Naki Akçar 2, Uğur Doğan 3, Vural Yavuz 4, Susan Ivy-Ochs 5, Christof Vockenhuber 5, Christian Schlüchter 2 1 Çankırı Karatekin University, Department of Geography, Çankırı, Turkey 2 University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences, Bern, Switzerland 3 Ankara University, Department of Geography, Ankara, Turkey 4 Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul, Turkey 5 Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Glacier oscillations, especially during the Late Quaternary, have been widely studied and their timing, amplitude and frequency are reconstructed by detailed field mapping and dating techniques such as surface exposure dating. Late Quaternary advances of Turkish glaciers have been exposure-dated in only ten sites in the northern and western Anatolia: the Taurus and Eastern Black Sea Mountains, and at Mounts Sandıras, Erciyes and Uludağ. Beside these sites, Quaternary glaciations in mountains in Eastern Anatolia, such as Munzur, Keşiş, Bingöl, Kavuşşahap (Ihtiyarşahap), Cilo and Sat Mountains and Mount Ararat, are still to be explored. in this study, we investigate the paleoglaciations in Kavuşşahap Mountains, which is located to the south of Lake Van. They are one of the extensively glaciated areas in Turkey. Glacial activity is evidenced by 17 U-shaped valleys. The extent of glacial deposits is on the order of several kilometers. For instance, one of the prominent and well-preserved glacial landscapes of Turkey is situated in the Narlıca valley, where lateral and terminal moraines recorded around 10 glacial advances, and we collected 39 samples from erratic boulders for surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl. We will reconstruct the chronology and extent of the glacier fluctuations in these mountains. Based on this reconstruction, we will model, evaluate and interpret the Late Quaternary paleoclimate in Eastern Anatolia. By this way, we will produce important input data for our understanding of the paleoclimate evolution both in Anatolia and surrounding Eastern Mediterranean Region. Keywords: Geomorphology, Surface exposure dating, Late Pleistocene, Turkey, Paleoclimate 126 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Pleistocene Glaciations at the Munzur Mountains, Turkey Serdar Yeşilyurt1, Naki Akçar 2, Uğur Doğan Vockenhuber 5, Christian Schlüchter 2 3, Vural Yavuz 4, Susan Ivy-Ochs 1 Çankırı Karatekin University, Department of Geography, Çankırı, Turkey 2 University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences, Bern, Switzerland, 3 Ankara University, Department of Geography, Ankara, Turkey, 4Istanbul 5 5, Christof Technical University, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul, Turkey, Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland The evidence of paleoglaciers provides important information of past climate changes. Especially, mountain glaciers are very sensitive indicators of changes of temperature and precipitation. Our aim is to reconstruct a local chronology of paleoglacier oscillations and to produce interrelationship with different terrestrial datasets of paleoenvironmental change in eastern Anatolia. To do that, we focus, in this study, on the Karagöl Valley in the Munzur Mountains, located in the eastern Anatolia, with geomorphological records of paleoglaciers and surface exposure dating. The size and magnitude of paleoglaciation in Munzur Mountains, which is the largest paleoglaciation area of Anatolia after Eastern Black Sea Mountains. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), approximately 800 cirque and 40 main glacial valleys were covered by ice and Munzur paleoglaciers reached a size of 730 km 2. Karagöl valley on the southern side of the mountain opens to the Ovacık Plain. The Karagöl glacier reached 13,5 km in length and descended to an altitude of 1350 m above sea level and left up to 160 m high lateral and terminal moraine ridges. We present here on mapping and first dating results from this valley. We collected 41 samples from erratic boulders deposited on moraines for surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl. Cosmogenic exposure ages from eight of these samples indicate glacier oscillations around 18 ka at the end of LGM and ca. 14 ka during Lateglacial. Keywords: Surface exposure dating, Geomorphology, Paleoclimate, Moraine, Eastern Anatolia Tectonic Geomorphology of the Honaz Fault, Sw Turkey Savaş Topal1 1Pamukkale University, Turkey This paper presents a method for evaluating relative tectonic activity based on geomorphic indices which are useful in evaluating morphology and topography. The indices that are used include: mountain front sinuosity (Smf), triangular facets, ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), hypsometric integral (HI), and drainage basin shape (Bs). The results from the indices analysis are accumulated and are subsequently expressed as an index of relative tectonic activity (Iat). Based on the different values of Iat, we divide the different results in four classes from the relatively lowest to the relatively highest tectonic activity. The study area located in the drainage basin between the Honaz Fault and the Honaz Mountain, is an ideal location to test this concept of index analysis and to predict the relative tectonic activity based on an entire area rather than on a single valley or on a mountain front. The Honaz fault, which is northern boundary fault of the Honaz Mountain, was separated into the Karateke and Honaz segments. Calculated values of indices on these two segments are Smf (1.12-1.41), percentage faceting (Lf/Ls: 0.3-0.46), Vf (0.08-0.7), AF (32-77), HI (0.1-0.6) and Bs (1.53-5.06). The results of this study reveal the presence of very high and high tectonic activity especially the central parts of the Honaz Fault. Our investigation thus shows that neotectonism has played a key role in the geomorphic evolution of this part of the Honaz Mountain range. Apart from the obtained results, also seismic activity in the region, travertine deposition related to hot water springs and presence of alluvial fans in front of the fault lines support the high tectonic activity in the region Keywords: Honaz Fault, Tectonic geomorphology, Relative tectonic activity, Geomorphic indices 127 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Ground Water Calcretes from a Paleosol Section in Ankara, Central Anatolia Ceren Küçükuysal1 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, Muğla, Turkey Calcretes of non-pedogenic origin are common in present-day arid alluvial basins. They form from carbonate-rich mobile groundwaters which become progressively concentrated during down-dip flow. a 2.4 m thick paleosol-calcrete section from Ankara, Central Anatolia is a good example of such calcretes. They are in powdery to nodular forms within the Bk horizon of the paleosol having 5 YR 3/4 Munsell color. Micromorphologically the calcretes studied are homogeneous, the cement is composed of micritic calcite crystals with prismatic, needle-like and fibrous forms. Floating grains, iron oxide coatings and also manganese dioxdide rimming are other evidences of the paleosol. Quartz, calcite and feldspar are found in the bulk fraction. The capillary action and dry seasons were so effectice to precipitate calcium carbonate over Bk horizon during the Quaternary implying aridity. Keywords: Groundwater calcretes, Quaternary, Central Anatolia, Ankara Seismic Slip History of Normal Faults in Central Apennines (Italy) Using in Situ 36Cl Cosmogenic Exposure Dating and Rare Earth Elements Concentrations. J. Tesson1, L. Benedetti1, J. Pace2, F. Visini3, M. Delli Rocioli 4, D. Bourlès5, G. Aumaître 5, M. Arnold5, K. Keddadouche5, 1Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-IRD-Collège de France UMR 34 CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France 2DiSPUTer, 3 Università « G. d’Annunzio » Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia INGV, L’Aquila, Italy 4DiSPUTer, Università « G. d’Annunzio » Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy 5Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-IRD-Collège de France UMR 34 CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France Acquiring long records of past earthquakes on a large population of faults is important to understand how strain release along those fault systems varies in space and time. In central Italy, NE-SW extension (~4 mm/yr) is accommodated on a wide normal fault system (50 x 100km). Benedetti et al. (2013) found that 7 of those faults, belonging to the Fucino fault system, have their seismic activity synchronized during short (less than 1 ka) paroxysmal phases of activity. 36Cl measurements and rare earth elements (REE) concentrations were used to reconstruct the seismic slip history of two major faults belonging to an adjacent fault system. The preliminary results suggest that these two faults (the Pizzalto fault and the Roccapreturo fault), 30 km apart, ruptured with a pattern similar to that of the Fucino faults. 4 to 6 seismic events occurring on both faults 3.5 ka to 2 ka ago generate an associated cumulative displacement of about 4m. This suggests that both faults ruptured simultaneously in less than 1.5 ka. REE measurements support the 36Cl seismic history and the processes that build REE patterns on a fault scarp are discussed. Keywords: Paleosismology, Cosmonucleide, REE 128 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Power-law for the Size-distribution of Scoria Cones within the Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field (Central Anatolia, Turkey) Göksu Uslular1, Gonca Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu1, Arda Arcasoy2 1Muğla SıtkıKoçman University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Kötekli, Muğla-Türkiye([email protected]) 2Arcasoy Consulting & Engineering Inc., Ankara-Türkiye The power-law frequency-size statistical method is a good approximation for many natural hazards with respect to their magnitude and occurrence rate. A number of authors have favored the applicability of power-law statistics to monogenetic volcanoes from different countries. Neogene-Quaternary Cappadocian Volcanic Province (CVP) in central Anatolia comprises five clusters of monogenetic volcanoes from west to east, Karapınar, Karacadağ-Hasandağ (hereafter Eğrikuyu), Keçiboyduran-Melendiz, Derinkuyu-Acıgöl and Erciyes. Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field (EMF) in the southwestern part of Hasandağ stratovolcano contains 103 scoria cones and several maars. The studies on monogenetic volcanoes of CVP mainly focus on the petrologic evolution, not statistical analyses of their morphological features. By using the dataset from Arcasoy (2001)'s PhD thesis including morphological parameters of the scoria cones in the EMF, we perform a statistical analysis for the size-distribution of the basal diameter of the scoria cones (Wco). In terms of their size distribution, the monogenetic volcanoes obey the power-law, similar to the GutenbergRichter law for the earthquakes: ln(N≥Wco)=c–α ln(Wco), with α = 3.274 and c = 14.52. Hereby, the compatibility of a size distribution with empirical power-law suggests that the occurrence of monogenetic volcanoes in EMF is self-organized critical phenomena. Keywords: Scoria cone, Basal diameter (Wco), Power-law, Self-organized critical, Cappadocian Volcanic Province 129 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Depositional History of the Yeniceoba-Cihanbeyli Tertiary basinfill Deposits Baki Erdoğan Varol1, Erdoğan Tekin1, Muhittin Görmüş1, İbrahim Erdal Herece2, Koray Sözeri1, İbrahim Gündoğan3, Muhammed Sami Us1, Yeşim İslamoğlu2, Funda Akgün3, Şevket Şen4, Bilge Göksu1 1Ankara University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, MTA General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explortion, Çankaya/Ankara 3DokuzEylül University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, İzmir 4Paris, Museum, Batiment de Paleontologie 2 Yeniceoba-Cihanbeyli basin consists of distinct depositional units formed from marine to terrestrial environments. The investigation particularly focuses on the description of the different environmental depositions present significance of stratigraphy and sedimentologic features in the Tertiary-basin fill sediments. For this purpose, five sections were measured, and more than two hundreds samples were examined by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction (clay-bearing sediments). The Tertiary basin–fill deposits are unconformably floored by the Samsan Ophiolitic Melange, Cretaceous in age. First deposition started with coarse basal clastics of the Kartal Formation comprising alternations of mudstones, sandstones and conglomerates and limestones deposited ranging from fluvial-alluvial fan to shoreline plain/shallow marine paleoenvironments. The overlying Çaldağ Formation begins with clayey and sand limestones and upward continuous with alternations of sandstone and marl and ends with carbonates composed of rich faunal associations such as Nummulites cf. millecaput, N. cf.globulus, Nummulites sp. Assilina sp., Discocyclina sp., Sphaerogypsina globulus, ? Gyroidinella cf. magna, Elazigina harabe kayisensis, Alveolinasp., Quinqueloculina sp., Miliolidae, Textulariidae, Dictichoplax biserialis and undefined corals. Miliolid and algal bearing sediments show a lagoonal or very shallow marine environments while nummulitic limestones with coralls occurs in the nummulitic banks or fore-reef paleoenvironments. The age of the formation is late Palaeocene to early Eocene. The Oligo-Miocene sediments unconformably overlie the Eocene sediments. Ophiolitic and limestone blocks are seen within the Eocene and Oligocene sediments. It is known as Gökdağ Formation that is composed of siliciclastics and gypsum levels. Massive gypsum, laminated-banded gypsum, gypsum conglomerates (gypsum rudite) and sandy gypsums (gypsum arenite) are the main evaporate deposits of the formation. It is thought that clastic gypsums (gypsum rudite and gypsum arenite) were formed epigenetically, that is gypsums are reworked from the sabkha paleoenvironments during configuration of the basinal morphology through the Oligocene-late Miocene time, which were probably developed by fault-controlled sedimentation during the ophiolite-settlement. Pliocene deposits unconformably overlie the Oligocene-late Miocene deposits and starts with thick siliciclastics formed by superimposed alluvial deposits and paleosoils (Cihanbeyli Fm.). The deposition period reflects tectonic signals development of a new depositional basin under extentional tectonics after a compressional tectonics of the Oligocene-Miocene time. During the new tectonic regime, extentional fractures developed within the sheet flow mud deposits were filled by satin spar gypsum which was precipitated by gypsumsaturated diagenetic fluids. Cihanbeyli Formation includes a mixing deposition of siliciclastic and volcanoclastic in the middle part of the Pliocene succession, which were periodically deposited in fluvial and lacustrine environments represented by alternations of the channelized–cross-bedded conglomerate- sandstone, bedded tuff and tuffite derived from andezitic-type local volcanic centers occupied the Pliocene land. At the end of the Pliocene, Yeniceoba-Cihanbeyli Tertiary basin underwent a drastic depositional change from siliciclastic to carbonate (İnsuyu Fm.). The carbonate-precipitated alkaline fresh water lake were probably feeded by springs that emanated from the fractured fault margin and by minor fluvial discharge from small 130 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey drainage basin. Plant-dominated limestones, rhizolites and soil carbonates (caliche) were widely accumulated in the lake environment. Finally, the Pleistocene aged Tuzgölü formation and the Quaternary sediments were formed as the youngest terrestrialsediments in this area. Keywords: Yeniceoba-Cihanbeyli, Tertiary, Terrestrial deposition, Gypsum 131 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey General Geological Properties of the Neogene Sequence of Köyceğiz (Muğla-SW Turkey) Region Guldemin Darbas1 , Murat Gül2 Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, Department of Geological Engineering, 46100, Avsar Campus, Kahramanmaraş – Turkey 1 2Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Geological Engineering, 48000, Kotekli Campus, Mugla – Turkey The geologic units of Köyceğiz consist of allochthonous (Lycian Nappes), autochthonous (Beydağları Autochthonous) and cover units. The nappes contain Carboniferous-Lower Miocene sediments and Cretaceous ophiolite nappes. Lutetian sandstone of the Elmalı Formation (Yeşilbarak Nappe) is studied Neogene unit. The autochthonous units contain Jurassic-Cretaceous limestone of the Beydağları Formation, Paleocene-Eocene limestone of the Dişitaştepe Formation, and Lower Miocene limestone, marl and claystone of the Sinekçi Formation. The cover units are Pliocene limestone, marl and claystone of the Çameli formation and Quaternary clastics. The results of paleontological and petrographical studies show that the Elmalı Formation contains fine to medium-grained quartz arenite without fossil. It thrusted on the Early Miocene sediments of the autochthonous units. The compressional regime in the region was replaced by tensional regime after Early Miocene. The algal limestone of basement of Sinekçi Formation deposited in shallow, shelf environment, while the marl and siltstones of upper part deposited in relatively deeper environment. The Sinekçi Formation includes coral, red algae, pelecypod and gastropod shells bearing dark gray colored mudstone-wackestone-packstone. The fossil content of Sinekçi Formation is lower than the contemporaneous southern Turkey reef limestones (Mut and Karaisalı Formations). There is no microfossil data has been found in the clastic part of formation. The uplifting of study region after the nappes emplacement led to the development of continental environment. The freshwater ostracod fossils such as Candona, Pseudocandona and Ilyocypris were found in the packstones of the Çameli Formation with bioturbation. Keywords: Ostracods, Neogene, Allochthonous and autochthonous units, Köyceğiz, Muğla (SW Turkey) 132 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Sediment Characteristics of a Plio-Quaternary Polje-Infill in South-Central Anatolia, Turkey Zeynep Ataselim1, Nizamettin Kazancı1 1Ankara University, Turkey Lake Suğla is a semi-circular wetland between Beyşehir and Konya drainage basins. It takes outlet of L. Beyşehir and discharges to the Konya plain via Çarşamba stream. It abounds on the limestones of Mesozoic with a tectonic boundary, however north and northeastern shores of it were formed by Neogene volcanics and Tertiary clastics, respectively. Drilling cores performed by DSI showed that it was deep 150 m at least. There is no such a deep lake in the region even in the present day. in order to get field for farming and to collect water more, the natural the lake was bordered by a wall, changing it to a dam. Presently, surface area of the lake is ca 40 km 2 since 1994, however it was five times larger in original. Based on geological and morphological setting, we suggest that Lake Suğla was initiated as a moderate-size polje in Late Miocene and then enlarged by the tectonism asssociated with karstic processes. The aim of this study is to search the lacustrine infill, as it has a potential to cover the whole Quaternary sedimentation in the region. To achieve it, a 110 m long drilling was performed in 2013. We found young lacustrine succession consistent wih alternations of loose sand and mud layers, ca 3 to 5 m thick. Undisturbed cores could not be provided from the sandy layers. Magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, carbonate content and grain size of sediments were examined systematically along the cores. Radiometric dating showed the Pleistocene age for deposition time. Results show that L. Suğla played an important role on the drainage of the Beyşehir area; it was opened in late Pliocene or early Quaternary time as a subbasin, just parallely to the formation of Çarşamba gorge served as a outlet of the L. Suğla. Keywords: Quaternary, Lacustrine sediments, Lake Suğla, Sedimentology 133 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Physical Properties of the Lake Bafa Sediments: Implications for the Depositional Conditions during the Last 150 Years Burak Yalamaz1, Özlem Bulkan2, Namık Çağatay3 1EMCOL Research Center, Department of Geologcical Engineering, ITU, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul,Turkey 2Department of Geological Engineering, EngineeringFaculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 3EMCOL Research Center, Department of Geologcical Engineering, ITU, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul,Turkey Lake Bafa was formed as a brackish residual lake, in the southern part of the former Latmian Gulf, in the beginning of the Late Holocene. Contemporarily, lake has a surface area of 60 km2 with the maximum water depth of 21m. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the recent physical conditionson thelacustrine environment, in terms of the energy level and the transporting mechanisms. Within the aim of the study, multi sensor core logger, radiography and laser particle size analyser were used. Furthermore, TOC Analyser was applied to determine the total organic and the total inorganic carbon contents. This systematic multi-parameter study was performed on the dated lake sediments (Baf36), which covers the uppermost 107cm record of the lacustrine archive. High to moderate organic matter content are investigated in the selected samples (TOC:4-2.5%). Basically, the uppermost 1m of the core contain homogenous, thick mud layers. However, the coarser sand layers and laminated silt-clay intercalation share observed in the lower parts of the core. Such coarse sand layers were probably deposited in a high energy environment producing the mass flow events. Simultaneous changes of the particle size distributions, magnetic susceptibility values and density variations supports the temporal changes of the initial and/or external physical conditions. Nevertheless, the absence of the obvious lithological, organic/inorganic geochemical and paleontological markers for the strong chaoticevents in terms of flood and the seismicity, suggest slow ranged fluctuationsof the dynamic conditions, during the last 150 years. (This study is supported by TUBITAK with the project number of 113Y070 and Istanbul University research fund). Keywords: Lake Bafa, Recent sediments, MSCL, X-RAY Radiography, Particle size analyses 134 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Environmental Controls on the Organic Matter Enrichment Processes in the Lake Bafa Sediments (Eastern Mediterranean Region), During the Last 150 Years Özlem Bulkan1, Bilgehan Toksoy2, Burak Yalamaz2, Sibel Acipinar1, M. Namık Çağatay2, Erol Sari3, Cenk Gürevin4, Dursun Acar2, Halil Aydın2, Cansu Demirel2 1Istanbul University, Geological Engineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey 2Istanbul Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey 3Istanbul University, Marine Science and Management Institute, Istanbul, Turkey 4Istanbul University, Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey Lake Bafa which is located in Menderes basin is one of the largest inland lakes (water depth of 20m) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Within the aim of the study a short core (BAF36) was retrived and studied in 2cm resolution. Lithostratigraphic definitions were performed according to the macro characteristics such as color, water content and fossil contents. Basically, the total organic matter contributions (TOC), grain size distributions and initial elemental enrichment signals, such as inorganic carbon accumulations were investigated. Organic matter preservation processes were also determinated by a function of grain size variations. Sediments contain moderate to high organic matter content, within the TOC range of 3.4% to 2.2%. The uppermost 1m part of the core is charactirezed by the homogenous clays. 1 to 1.2m interval composes of consolidated clays with low water content. Furthermore, black, anoxic and high organic matter containing clays were observed within the deeper parts of the core (1.2 to 1.3m). Enrichment of the inorganic carbonate is obsereved along the deeper parts of the core. Accordingly, organic matter enrichments were also investigated. However, the transported coarse detrital inputs were relatively diminished during the deposition of such layers. Consequentelly, it could be suggested that similar chemical conditions supported either the enrichment processes of initial elements within the water column and also organic matter production and preservation balance. Acknowledgements: This study is supported by the TUBITAK (project number of 113Y070) and Istanbul University research fundations (project number of 28942 and 17828). Keywords: Lake Bafa, Lacustrine sediments, Organic matter preservation, Water chemistry 135 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Promontory Plate Geometry Effect on Sedimentation (Kahramanmaraş, SE Turkey) Foreland Basin Murat Gül1, Kemal Gürbüz2 1Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Geological Engineering, 48000, Kotekli Campus, Mugla – Turkey 2Çukurova University, Department of Geological Engineering, Balcalı Campus, Adana – Turkey Continental convergence between the Arabian Plate and the Anatolide–Taurides Platform led to development of the Miocene Kahramanmaraş Foreland Basin. An irregular geometry of the Arabian Plate caused to oblique collision, thus the continental collisions started from northeast of the foreland basin and prograde to west. The promontory plate margin led to three partitioning of the northern basin margin. The eastern section contains accretionary wedge including nappes, chaotic mass wasting deposits, small submarine channel deposits and reef limestone and inner foredeep including debris flow deposits and fine-grained sediments. The promontory part located in the north of the basin contains accretionary wedge including nappes, chaotic mass wasting deposits with mountain sized blocks, wedge top basin with small confined turbidite system, inner foredeep containing small retrogradational submarine fan deposits in small fault bounded basin and basin plain deposits. The western part consists of narrow accretionary wedge comprising mass wasting deposits with big blocks and narrow inner foredeep including debris flow deposits. Keywords: Foreland Basin, Miocene, Kahramanmaraş, SE Turkey Weathering and Geomorphological Features of Metamorphosed Granitoids (Çine Submassif-Menderes Metamorphic Massif, W TURKEY) Murat Gül1, Göksu Uslular1 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Kötekli, Muğla-Turkey The weathering of metamorphosed granitoid rocks (orthogneiss and leucocratic metagranite) of the Çine-submassif has produced spectacular landscape along the Yatağan-Çine highway. This area is planned to use as a geo-park. The weathering and geomorphologic features have been researched. The metamorphosed granitoids macroscopically contain porphyroclasts of quartz and feldspar. Muscovite and biotite are other primary minerals, whereas tourmaline is the accessory minerals. Uplifting of the granitoids formed the exfoliation cracks at the upper parts. Moreover, the tectonic history depending on the emplacement of the Lycian Nappes and compressionaltensional tectonic regime of W Anatolia may increase density and elongation of the cracks. Highly weathered profiles of the granitoids are only observed along the road cuts. Horizontal and vertical weathering profiles typically exceed 50-70 m and 3 m, respectively. Corestone, tor and inselberg are small and big dome shaped structures evolved after the selective weathering of granitoid masses. Weathering sheet, rounded wedge, flared side of rocks and cleft are evolved depending on sharp corner weathering of rock mass. Pseudobedding (exfoliation cracks) and tectonic alignments are controlling the size of weathering. Weathering pits, tafoni and alveolar (honeycomb) type structure are formed as a result of the decomposition of minerals by surface water. Dominant wind direction and/or inclination of cracks are considered led to formation of selective weathering generally inclined to east. The metamorphism and tectonic history, mineral contents, exfoliation, raining and prevailing wind direction are responsible from the weathering of these granitoids and spectacular landscape development. Keywords: Weathering, Geomorphology, Granitoids, Çine-Submassif, Menderes Metamorphic Massif 136 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Evaluation and Use of the Marble Muds in Desulphurization Plant of Thermal Power Plant Ihsan Kafadar1 1Mugla Marble Association, Muğla Turkey This research reveal that, the usage of the marble wastes in the Flue Gas Filter Plants in Thermal Power Plant, which cause to environmental pollution, both can reduce the environmental impact of them and supply additional economic contribution without any environmental impact. An important part of Turkey electricity needs are met by coal power plants. However, the remaining radioactive ash and about 140 pieces of harmful chemical elements are released from coal combustion in power plants. Efficiency increasing of flue gas filter plants, and sealing power plant ash and slag are applied in order to reduce the harmful effects of coal power plants and reduce the environmental impact of it.For this reason, “Flue Gas Desulphurization Plants” was established and put into operation in the existing thermal power plants in Mugla Province. The wet limestone is used in this process at least 95% efficiency. This limestone is cleaning the sulphur oxides and ash together. It is supplied from the quarries opened nearby the power plant. However, the residues especially marble mud (marble cake) obtained from the "Marble Quarries and Marble Processing Plants of Muğla-SW Turkey" have already required chemical and physical properties without any additional crushing and grinding process. Keywords: Marble, Marble mud, Desulphurization, Thermal power plant, Environmental impact 137 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Cretan and Greek Palaeotsunamis Klaus Reicherter1, Andreas Vött2, Peter Fischer3, Sascha Schneiderwind4, Jack Mason5, Ioannis Papanikolaou6 1 RWTH Aachen University, Inst. of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, 6 Aachen, Germany 2Natural Hazard Research and Geoarchaeology, Institute for Geography, Johannes GutenbergUniversität Mainz, Mainz, Germany 3Natural Hazard Research and Geoarchaeology, Institute for Geography, Johannes GutenbergUniversität Mainz, Mainz, Germany 4RWTH Aachen University, Inst. of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, Aachen, Germany 5RWTH Aachen University, Inst. of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, Aachen, Germany 6Laboratory of Mineralogy and Geology, Department Department of Natural Resources Management & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece The southern, western and eastern coasts of Crete are directly exposed to the seismotectonically highly active Hellenic Trench, which is well known to have produced strong earthquakes and tsunamis during history, for example the 365 AD event. Recent studies have revealed traces of a corresponding 365 AD mega-tsunami as far away as southern Italy and northwestern Greece. The northern coasts of Crete are suggested to have been strongly affected by the tsunami associated with the 17 th century BC volcanic eruption of Thera/Santorini. Thus, Crete seems to have been subject to tsunamis of different origin approaching from different sides. Moreover, the island offers a wide variety of tsunami sediment traps such as coastal plains, lagoons, river valleys and colluvial wegdes as well as abundant traces of high-energy dislocated boulders in the littoral zone. Many archaeological sites (harbours and villages) are situated along the coastline and are known to have been affected by (pre-) historical tsunami like Falarsana on the west coast and Palaikastro on the east coast. Such sedimentary archives as coastal lagoons and coastal plains on the island of Crete and its surroundings have been used to recover geomorphological, sedimentological, geochemical and micropalaeontological data in order to understand the internal sedimentary architecture and spatial variabilities of tsunamites as well as interface geometries, for example towards the underlying bedrock or overlying autochthonous deposits. Radiocarbon dating is applied to set up a geochronological frame. 3D reconstructions of tsunami landfall are be accomplished by high-resolution geophysical imaging of tsunamites using by GPR and ERT techniques. Keywords: Tsunami, Tsunami deposits, Crete, Greece, Ancient harbours 138 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Trenching Investigations on Active Normal Faults on Crete Combining Lidar and Geophysical Information Sascha Schneiderwind1,Thomas Wiatr1,Jack Mason1,Klaus Reicherter1 1RWTH Aachen University, Inst. of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, Lochnerstraße 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany Subsurface coseismic features like displaced strata or colluvial wedges, which primarily occur within the unconsolidated sediments of the hanging-wall, form important archives as they are used to identify paleoearthquakes and estimate the seismic hazard potential for active fault zones. Traditionally, trenching investigations form a major element of paleoseismic research. For decades now this has comprised manual logging and photomosaic methods. Furthermore, the outcome from using these established techniques is highly dependent on the experience of the trench logger to define mappable units; discrete deposits that are composed of similar lithology need to be distinguished from adjacent units. In order to prove whether the aforementioned trench logging methods used to map coseismic features in a paleoseismic trench walls can be enhanced with objective methods, we combined routine logging with vertical ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and t-LiDAR scans at the Sfaka fault (Crete, Greece). Using the tLiDAR’s high-resolution surface DEM and backscatter signal data, we are able to accurately define individual layers due to the changing reflection characteristics which correlate with distinct boundaries in the trench log and photomosaic. Combining this information with the GPR results leads to a 3-D model of coseismic features within the hanging-wall with an expected error in the order of a few centimeters. Thus, GPR and t-LiDAR have the potential to support the interpretation of paleoseismic trenches by improving the objective identification of distinct layers and providing quantitative data in 3-D to reconstruct historical earthquake events. Keywords: GPR, Trenching, LiDAR, Normal faults, Crete 139 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Pleistocene Anatolia - Holocene Climatic Cycles from Eastern Z. Bora Ön1, M. Sinan Özeren2, M. Namık Çağatay3, K. Kadir Eriş4, Sena Akçer-Ön1 1Muğla SK Üniversitesi, Engineering Faculty, Geology Department, Turkey, 2Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Avrasya Earth Sciences Institute, Turkey, 3Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mining Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Turkey, 4Fırat Üniversitesi, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Turkey, To find a periodic behaviour in a dynamical system is the hope of the researcher, since one can make the projection then. Therefore, in order to manifest the laws of the system humanity has always searched for it either in natural or in social sciences. Within this study we used the geochemical results of an undisturbed 145 m long composite core, spanning the last 90 kyr, retrieved from Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia1650 m asl) and an undisturbed 3.48 m long core, spanning the last 18 kyr, recovered from Lake Hazar (Eastern Anatolia-1240 m asl). Lake Van, which is the largest soda and fourth largest terminal lake of the world, is surrounded by several semi-active volcanoes and Nemrut volcano formed it by damming with its flows more than 500 kyr ago. Lake Hazar (Eastern Anatolia-1240 m asl) is an alkaline tectonic lake. The age model of Lake Van depends on carbon dating, 40Ar/39Ar ages, correlation of tephra layers and correlation of the data with MIS. For Lake Hazar six 14C ages are used. Since the data are unevenly spaced, we chose the Lomb Scargle periodogram spectral technique to find the periodic behaviour of the geochemical results, such as XRF, stable oxygen/carbon, total organic and inorganic carbon and magnetic susceptibility data of Lake Van and Lake Hazar. Also we have compared the results with the spectral analysis results of Sofular Cave stalagmite records. The results of the analysis of Lake Van and Sofular Cave records show the presence of precession of the equinoxes, harmonics of Milankovitch cycles and D/O cycles. The spectral analyses of Holocene record of Lake Van, Sofular Cave and Lake Hazar support the solar cycles and the so called Bond cycle. Keywords: Lake Van, Lake Hazar, Eastern Anatolia, Paleoclimate, Periodicity, Climate cycles, Milankovitch cycles, Subharmonic cycles 140 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Environmental Records of Küçükçekmece Lagoon Sediments (Istanbul) Based on Mineral-Magnetic and Geochemical Analyses Özlem Makaroğlu1, Norbert R. Nowaczyk2, Namık Çağatay3, Sena Akçer Ön4, Umut Barış Ulgen3, Dursun Acar3, Naci Orbay1 1Istanbul University, Turkey 2Helmholtz 3Istanbul 4Muğla Center Potsdam, GFZ, Germany Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey We present the results of mineral magnetic measurements and geochemical µ-XRF Core Scanner elemental profiles of four cores recovered in different depths in the Kucukcekmece Lagoon, located on northern shoreline of the Sea of Marmara. Mineral magnetic measurements include κLF (bulk magnetic susceptibility), isothermal remanent magnetisation, anhysteretic remanent magnetisation and thermomagnetic analysis. S-ratio and HIRM were calculated. µ-XRF Core Scanner analysis were made at 1 mm resolution using an Itrax XRF Core scanner. Downcore variation of magnetic properties and some geochemical elemental profiles (e.g., Ca/Ti, Sr, K/Ca) show good correlation through the cores. According to the mineral magnetic properties, the cores consist of three magnetic units. Unit a shows relatively moderate and stable values through the core. It is composed of the grey to brown colored laminated sediment. During the deposition of Unit a there was relatively humid period with high terrigeneous input. Unit B consists of 0.5 m thick homogenous black mud having high magnetic susceptibility, high S-ratio and high HIRM values. The SIRM/κLF values vary between 20 and 100 kAm-1. The thermomagnetic and the mineral magnetic parameters of Unit B indicate the presence of abundant greigite characterized by distinctive picks. Unit B was therefore deposited under conditions of high sulphate reduction and high sea water influence in the lagoon. Unit C is homogenous grey sediment with low S-ratio values indicating increased amounts of high coercivity magnetic minerals. HIRM, Sr and Ca/Ti profiles which have relatively high values indicate there was a low terrigenous input and dry periods during the deposition of Unit C sediments. Keywords: Kucukcekmece lagoon, Mineral magnetic properties, Geochemical properties, Holocene 141 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period in Istanbul: Correlation of Küçükçekmece Lagoon Sedimentary Records With Historical Data Sena Akçer-Ön1, Namık Çağatay2, Mehmet Sakınç3, Zeki Bora Ön1,3, Dursun Acar2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Ünivresitesi, Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey 2İTÜ EMCOL, Turkey 3İTÜ Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Turkey Its unique geographical setting has made İstanbul the center of many civilizations since ca. BC 6600 years. It has hosted important civilizations of Fikirtepe, Byzantium and Ottoman Empires. It is only recently the historical climate records of İstanbul have started being published. In this study, 3 m long core from Küçükçekmece Lagoon recoverd at 16 m water depth is analyzed by XRF (X-Ray Fluoresance) core scanner with a resolution of 200 µm. Stable oxygen isotope data were obtained from ostracoda and benthic foraminifera shells at resolution of 50 mm along the core. We have used the AMS 14C analysis from bivalvia shells and plant remains to reconstruct the age model, which indicates that the core extends back to ca. AD 600 years. The XRF data is processed as time series and Lomb-Scargle spectral method is applied to search for the climatic periodicities. The results of multi proxy and historical data suggest cold and relatively wet conditions at 600-725 AD and cold, relatively dry conditions between 725-825 AD in İstanbul. This spell correlates with the Dark Ages Cold period (450-950 AD) in Europe. European Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 AD) seems, started at 825 AD in İstanbul and inturrepted by droughts and cold conditions at 1100 AD. Multiproxy data suggests transition dry to wet conditions started ca 1000 AD and ended at 1560 AD. Dry phase of Little Ice Age (1450-1850) has started at 1560 AD and continued until 1640 AD when the Celali revolts have occured in Ottoman. Dryer and cold conditions continued until 1950 AD and interrupted by wet conditions by Late Maunder Minimum (1640-1710) and a spell between 1830-1900 AD. Also Instrumental data shows; between 1894 and 1997 temperature was almost 1°C colder than today. The historical data is compiled and correlated with our high resolution geological data for more accurate age model. XRF data used for the spectral analyses of which show 68 and 120, 190 -year periodicities for the İstanbul climate during the last 1400 years. Keywords: Küçükçekmece lagoon, İstanbul, Little ice age, Medeival warm period, Sediment records, Historical data 142 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Holocene Climatic and Environmental Changes of Lake Bafa (Muğla, Turkey) Cannur Eroğlu1, Zeynep Ankut1, Sebahat Ercan1, Sena Akçer – Ön1, Dursun Acar2 1 Muğla Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Muğla, Türkiye 2İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Maden Fakültesi, EMCOL Araştırma Merkezi, İstanbul, Türkiye [email protected] Regional differentiation due to the high resolution of the records and the brevity of the periods studied, debates still continue on Holocene climate changes. This study focuses on investigation of climatic and environmental changes of Late Holocene from Bafa Lake sediments on the Büyük Menderes River delta, western Anatolia. Bafa Lake was formed by the closure of the entrance of the Latimian Gulf due to alluvial input of Büyük Menderes River. This study forms an undergraduate thesis work. For this purpose, we collected three sediment cores from Bafa Lake, using a piston-gravity corer. The lengths of the cores recovered from 14.2 m, 1.6 m, 14.0 m water depths, are are 28 cm, 58 cm and 40 cm, respectively. After making the lithological description 70 µm sieve is used for micropaleontological sampling. We analyzed for physical properties of the cores such as magnetic susceptibility at 5 mm resolution using Multi Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) and for multi-element geochemical analysis at 2 mm resolution using XRF (X-Ray Fluoresance) core scanner. After the identification process of ostrocoda and benthic foraminifera under microscope, at 20 mm resolution, the stable oxygen-carbon isotope results and 14C dating were gathered from ostrocoda species (Cyprideis torosa) and from benthic foraminifera and ostracod shells, respectively. As a result, we observe the major dry and wet periods and correlate these periods with “Eurocentric” Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period. Also correlation of our cores with previously drilled ones (Akçer-Ön, 2011-PhD Thesis) gives similarity and this allows us to make better interpolation of the ages of the core. Key Words: Paleoclimate, Late Holocene, Bafa lake, Muğla 143 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Varved Lake Sediments from SW Anatolia (Köyceğiz Lake): Paleoclimatic Reconstructions and Sedimentary Earthquake Record for the Last 400 Years Ulaş Avşar1, Özgür Avşar2, Sabine Schmidt3, Sigurjon Jonsson4 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Turkey 3University 4King of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC OASU, Talence Cedex, France Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia High-resolution multi-proxy analyses along two sediment cores collected from Köyceğiz Lake lead to the discovery of varved sediments in SW Anatolia. The elemental profiles and RGB images obtained by ITRAX XRF scanner confirm that the sequence is composed of couplets of dark organic/minerogenic-rich and white calciumrich laminae. Dark layers are enriched in elements like Ti, Fe, Rb, Cr and Ni, and are probably deposited via runoff during fall/winter time. White layers, on the other hand, are enriched in elements like Ca and Sr, implying calcite precipitation during summer. In order to validate the annual formation of the couplets, the sediment chronology was constructed by measuring the activities of short-lived radionuclides (i.e., 210Pb and 137 Cs) along one of the cores. Within the top 40 cm, varve counting is consistent with the radionuclide chronology, which provides 0.35-0.40 cm/yr sedimentation rate. -resolution ITRAX data also reveals distinct cycles corresponding to 0.4-0.5 cm/yr sedimentation rate along the core. Further validation is provided by comparing the varve thickness with the annual total precipitation measurements at Köyceğiz hydrometeorological station between 1963 and 2011. In addition to annual total precipitation predicted by varve thickness, multiple regression analysis is applied to obtain reconstructions of Jan-Feb precipitation and Jun-Aug temperature. The produced paleoclimatic proxy record for the last 400 years is in good agreement with the proxy records from Nar (Central Anatolia) and Göllüköy (Central North Anatolia) lakes. Accordingly, Köyceğiz record implies a gradual increase in aridity during the last 400 years in general; however a shift to more arid conditions around 1800 AD is remarkable as well. In addition to paleoclimatic information, Köyceğiz record contains sedimentary traces of past earthquakes in the region. High-resolution radiographic images reveal two distinct soft-sediment-deformation (SSD) horizons disturbing the varves in the sequence. Based on the varve chronology, the SSDs are dated to 1950s and 1850s, probably triggered by the 1957 (M=7.2) and 1851 Fethiye earthquakes, which caused significant damage in the region. The completeness and continuity of the Köyceğiz varves back in time will be investigated in the coming months along a 7.5 m-long piston core. Keywords: Köyceğiz Lake, Varve, Soft sediment deformation, Earthquake, Paleoseismology 144 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Evaluation of Size Effect on Capillarity Water Absorption Test for Selected Rocks Ali Özvan1, Ismail Dinçer2, Mutluhan Akın3, Vural Oyan3, Mücip Tapan4 1Department of Geological Engineering, Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey. 2Department of Geological Engineering, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Turkey 3Department of Mining Engineering, Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey. 4Department of Civil Engineering, Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey. Porous dimension stones used as building or exterior facade tend to absorb water due to capillary action when they are subjected to rain or surface water. This process may commonly lead to degradation and it is very important to determine the capillary water absorption potential of dimension stones. in this study, a preliminary experimental research was carried out to observe the effect of sample size on capillary water absorption test results in accordance with TS EN 1925 (2000) standards. Ignimbrite, clayey limestone, basalt and dolomitic limestone cores in 50 mm diameter as well as length to diameter (L/D) ratios 2 and 1 were tested which reveal varying water absorption capacities. Initially, the variation of test results for different rock types and the size effect on capillary water absorption tests were investigated. Then calculated capillarity water absorption capacities were compared with the average values of weight per unit volume (d), apparent porosity (n), water absorption by weight, P-wave velocity and uniaxial compressive strength in order to evaluate the accuracy of different length to diameter ratios (L/D=2 and L/D=1). The size effect was significant for rocks with low capillary water absorption coefficient, whereas a considerable influence was not observed in high degree water-absorbing rocks for the evaluated sample sizes. The relationships between the capillary water absorption values and the physico-mechanical properties of the rocks for each size as well as the determination coefficients (R2) indicate that the R2 values are higher in L/D=2 specimens than those of L/D=1. Keywords: Capillary water absorption, Dimension stone, Size effect, Physico-mechanical properties 145 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Geological Strength Index Evaluations and Classification of Sandstone and Claystone Alternations Ahmet Özbek1, Murat Gül2 Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, Department of Geological Engineering, 46100, Avsar Campus, Kahramanmaraş – Turkey ([email protected]) 1 Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Geological Engineering, 48000, Kotekli Campus, Mugla – Turkey 2 Alternations different grain-sized clastics in discrete beds with various thickness and variable ratio supply the heterogeneity of the clastic sedimentary rock mass. Determinations of the geotechnical properties of this type of the clastic sedimentary rock are one of the tackling subjects of the rock mechanics. Recently Geological Strength Index (GSI; Marinos and Hoek; 2001) is using for the determinations of the strength characteristics of these rock. Visual interpretation is widely used for the determination of GSI. The sandstone and claystone ratio and internal deformation can be used in classification of these sedimentary rocks and GSI value determination. Kahramanmaraş Foreland Basin contains Miocene deep sea sediments including sandstone and claystone alternation with varying ratio. Seven rock classes are separated in this region based sandstone claystone ratio (S/C) and internal structures. These are A: R10; B: 1<R≤10; C: R, 1/1; D:1/3≤R<1; E: 1/10≤R<1/3 and F: tectonically deformed; G: R <1/10. Four different class are determined based on rock classes and discontinuity surface conditions (A-B, GSI>40; C, 35≤GSI≤40; D-E, 25≤GSI<35; F-G, GSI<25). The high sand content of the A and B classes gives high GSI value and strength parameters. The Block Punch Strength Index (BPI) is used for the determination of strength of rock. These values vary between 4.72-12.09 MPa. However, sandstone strength is higher than the sandstone and claystone ratios. Thus decreasing ratio obtaining from the rock heterogeneity applied to ci values. The revised ci values vary between 13.61 and 55.54 MPa. Keywords: GSI, Heterogeneity, Sedimentary rock masses, Sandstone-Claystone alternation Determination of Liquefaction Potential of the Tarsus Plain (Mersin-Adana) Can Akbulut1, Cüneyt Güler1, Murat Camuzcuoğlu1, Aydın Alptekin1 1Mersin University, Turkey In this study, it was aimed to determine soil liquefaction potential of the Tarsus Plain (Mersin-Adana) which covers an area of about 625 km2. In August 2012, grain size distribution analyses were made on soil samples collected from 33 different locations in the region. Characteristic values (mean grain size, the amount of fines, uniformity coefficient and plasticity index) that are used to evaluate liquefiable soils were determined. Results of these analyses have shown that soils from the area are in SM (silty sand) and SC (clayey sand) groups according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). In the study area, static groundwater levels range between 3.00-4.05 m. Furthermore, results of the grain size distribution analyses from the study area were compared to the particle size ranges of soils from different areas that are known to liquefied as a result of different earthquake events. The obtained results have shown that the study area has a significant risk of liquefaction. Keywords: Liquefaction potential, Grain size distribution analysis, Tarsus Plain, Adana 146 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geochemical and Engineering Properties Evaluation of Aggregates Used in Asphalt Production in Kahramanmaras (SE Turkey) Yusuf Uras1, Ahmet Özbek1, Hüseyin Semerci1 1Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Department of Geological Engineering, TURKEY Recently, the decline of the aggregate reserves from river bed, heterogeneous characters of them and environmental damage due to materials extracting led to increase of crushed stone aggregate demand in the world and in our country. Many aggregate quarries have opened in lithologically different geologic unit in Kahramanmaras to meet this demand. This study investigates the usability of basalt, dolomitic limestone, limestone, clayey limestone and micritic limestone aggregate of Kahramanmaras in terms of geochemical and physico-mechanical properties. The main elements and trace elements of aggregates obtained from active quarry are determined using ICP-MS method. The petrographic properties of aggregates are evaluated as a result of the thin section and XRD analysis. For the determination of the physico-mechanical properties of the aggregate, the specific gravity, Los-Angeles abrasion, water absorption by weight, flatness and shape index, MgSO 4 frost loss, organic matter content, sieve analysis, Marshall tests were performed. The Rare Earth Elements and high content of clay minerals of the micritic limestone can negatively affect the asphalt quality in terms of geochemistry. The Los Angeles abrasion loss of 30 % of micritic limestone and clayey limestone and water absorption by weight values higher than 2 % of basalt are negatively affect the asphalt quality in terms of physico-mechanical properties. Consequently, the quality asphalt mixtures including the dolomitic limestone aggregates are higher than other materials. Keywords: Geochemistry, Physico-mechanical properties, Limestone, Basalt, Asphalt Assessment of Carbonate Lithologies from Western Greecefor Their Use as Road Construction Aggregates Ioannis Mpalatsas1,Basilios Tsikouras2,Ioannis Rigopoulos3, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou4 1University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece Brunei Darussalam, Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam AND University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece;, 3University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece AND University of Cyprus, 4Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus;, University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece 2Universiti This paper focuses on the assessment of the petrographic, physicomechanical and physicochemical properties of 12 representative carbonate rocks from the Aitoloakarnania province (Western Greece), in order to evaluate their suitability as road construction aggregates. Samples from the Upper Cretaceous limestones of the Olonos-Pindos and Gavrovo-Tripolis geotectonic zones of Greece are comparatively studied and special emphasis is given on the investigation of the influence of their petrographic characteristics on their physicomechanical and physicochemical properties. The results of the engineering tests are evaluated in accordance with international suitability standards for road construction aggregates. The textural features and the grain constituents (fossils, lithoclasts, endoclasts, etc.) determine the engineering behaviour of the investigated limestones. Interrelationships among certain physicomechanical and physicochemical properties are statistically significant and provide well defined trends that can be interpreted from the petrographic characteristics of the limestones. All petrographic and engineering features of these carbonate rocks suggest their suitability as road construction aggregates. Keywords: Limestone, Aggregates, Physicomechanical properties, Aitoloakarnania, Greece 147 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Comparative Study of Ophiolitic and Carbonate Rocks for Their Suitability as Concrete Aggregates Petros Petrounias1, Peny Giannakopoulou1, Basilios Tsikouras2, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou1 1University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam And University of Patras, Department of Geology, Patras, Greece The purpose of this paper is the study of ophiolitic and carbonate lithologies derived from the Pelagonian and Axios zones (North Greece) and from the Pindos zone (NW Peloponnese), respectively, for the assessment of their suitability as concrete aggregates. Five cubic test pieces of concrete (category C12/15) were prepared using mafic and ultramafic rocks whereas another five test pieces were prepared from carbonate rocks of variable composition. The cement paste which was used for all types of aggregates was prepared using carbonate sand. Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) results in ophiolitic test pieces showed lower values relative to carbonate rocks, although ophiolitic aggregates yielded higher UCS values, than carbonate aggregates. Detailed microscopic examination through optical polarized and scanning electron microscopes took place before and after the UCS testing. Unlike the carbonate grains, the ophiolitic grains commonly showed abruptions from the surrounding cement paste after the UCS test in the concrete test pieces, likely resulting in their observed lower performance. The relations of interaction between the cement paste and the grains of all types of aggregates, as well as the formation of new mineral phases were investigated. Keywords: Concrete aggregates, Ophiolitic rocks, Carbonate rocks, Greece A Combination of Fundamental Mode Dispersion Curves Obtained from Remi and MASW Methods- Examples from Trabzon (Arsin) Akin Özgenc 1, Nilgun Sayil1, Mustafa Senkaya1 1Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey Shear-wave velocity (VS) is an essential parameter for determining the dynamic properties of soil, but it is quite difficult and expensive to derive by using conventional geophysical techniques. That’s why Surface Wave Methods (SWM) have been developed in last decades. Surface wave methods have been used extensively in seismic site characterization studies for many years. However, Interpretation of geophysical data needs to bring together different types of information to make the proposed model geologically realistic and multiple data sets can reduce ambiguity and non-uniqueness present in separate geophysical data inversions. Present study aims combining two of the most recently developed surface wave acquisition techniques for determining shallow shear-wave velocity, Refraction Microtremor(ReMi) and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW). The methods were applied on the 6 different profiles in Trabzon (Arsin)-Turkey. The data set have been evaluated by SeisImager/Pickwin program. Outcomes from MASW measurements reveal both fundamental and first higher mode while ReMi measurements reveal only fundamental mode. The fundamental mode dispersion curves obtained from MASW and ReMi methods have been combined to get more accurate information about shallow and deep layers. Optimum frequency range of the MASW dispersion curves is 8-25 Hz, while 3-15 Hz of the ReMi dispersion curves. After the combination, optimum frequency range of the combined curve changes between 3-25 Hz. So, two methods overlap their blind side and meaningless S-velocity contrasts at shallow or deep in single inversions change with more reliable and comprehensible velocity propagation. Keywords: MASW, Remi, Combined inversion, 148 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey A Case Study on the Mechanism and Remediation of Landslide in Kale-Denizli Motorway Deniz Ülgen1, Mehmet Rıfat Kahyaoğlu1, Altuğ Saygılı1, Onur Toygar1, Selda Durmaz1 1Muğla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey A case study on the mechanism of landslide in Kale-Denizli motorway is presented in this paper. The excavation activities pursued during road construction, however, disturbed the delicate balance and triggered a major landslide in the area. This study aims to investigate the causative mechanism and to make a decision for remediation measures of the landslide occurred immediately after the excavation of a hillside. In order to elucidate the slope failure mechanism, a detailed site investigation including site and laboratory tests, was carried out in the landslide region. Inclinometers were installed to monitor and measure the subsurface deformations induced by the landslide. Initial inclinometer readings were recorded immediately following landslide. Subsequent readings were taken over a period of approximately 5 months. The sliding area is mapped with bore hole and inclinometer locations via related topographic maps. The inclinometer data were then utilized for the estimation of the critical failure surface. Back analyses of the failed slope were performed in order to to evaluate the shear strength parameters on the critical failure surface. The representative cross section was modeled in software SLIDE 5.0 and analyzed using the limit equilibrium method. Determined shear strength parameters were then used in post-failure analysis for evaluating the feasible remediation alternatives. Based on several analyses, the remediation project including the excavation of 700.000m3 soil over the failure surface has been evaluated to be the most suitable method considering the locally available sources for supplying long-term stability. Keywords : Landslide, Slope stability, Limit equilibrium method, Back analysis, Remediation 149 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Examination of Gravity Data of Cyprus Sinan Demirel1, Fatih Adatepe1 1İ.Ü. Marine Secience and Management Institute Cyprus, which has been of strategic importance throughout history, is still preserving its significance. As a matter of fact, this significance has been further increased by the manifestation of its petroleum and natural gas resources. The Eastern Mediterranean region where Cyprus is also located resides in a considerably geological active zone. Present day tectonic framework of the Eastern Mediterranean is controlled by the collision of the African and Eurasian plates. The boundary between the African and Eurasian plates is delineated by the Hellenic arc and Pliny, Strabo trenches in the west and the Cyprus arc and diffuses Anatolian fault systems in the east. Bathymetric contours give a first indication of the major features of the Eastern Mediterranean. Most of these features are also shown in the gravity anomaly maps. Bouguer gravity profiles are similar in showing gravity low over the plate boundary suture attributed to thick sediments, with Bouguer highs over oceanic or transitional crust to the South and over ophiolites and thinner sediments, on thin continental curst to the north. Gass and Mason-Smith (1963) and Gass (1968) give an explanation of the large positive gravity anomalies on Cyprus as arising where part of the upper mantle is carried up into the core of the over-thrust. In this study, structural cross-sections have been obtained by applying 2D modeling techniques on two cross-sections taken from the gravity map (Vine et al., 1973) of Cyprus. Based on these evaluations, it can be reported that the layer depth of the (AA’) cross-section over the Troodos Igneous Massif is approximately 40 kilometers, formed as an intrusion. The layer depts of the other cross-sections (BB’) have been measured. Keywords: Cyprus, Gravity, Geological structure, 2d modeling techniques Invesgation of Soil Dynamics Analysis Parameters At the Northern Part of Izmir Gulf By Using Multi-Approach Geophysical Methods Özkan Cevdet Özdağ1, Mustafa Akgün2, Tolga Gönenç2 1Dokuz Eylül University The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geophysics Engineering, Turkey The damage caused by the earthquake in the structure is directly related to local soil conditions. This affects mainly consisting of ground displacements influence the liquefaction and transport power losses. Therefore, before the foundation of building construction will form the basis of the layers would be necessary to know how to behave during an earthquake. in this study, alluvial grounds located north of the Gulf of Izmir microgravity, Modified Spatial Autocorrelation (MSPAC) and microtremor modeled using methods together. Also in the aftermath of the earthquake that occurred during the process modeling of stress and strain in dynamic conditions using a computer-assisted analysis modeled and interpreted. Keywords: MSPAC, Microgravity, Microtremor, Soil Dynamic analysis, Earthquake Resistance structure 150 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Dynamic Amplification Factor Calculations by Using Geophysical Methods: the Case Study at Izmir New City Centre Area Özkan Cevdet Özdağ1, Mustafa Akgün2, Çağlar Tuna3, Eren Pamuk 4 1Dokuz Eylül University The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geophysics Engineering, Turkey 3Ege University The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Turkey 4Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geophysics Engineering, Turkey Earthquakes that directly involve our security of life and property as one of the most important natural disasters are threatening all around the world. While designing earthquake resistant buildings; construction will take place and the establishment of relations with the floor structure which is one of the most important destructive effects of peak horizontal acceleration (PGA) is inevitable that the calculation correctly. Theoretical studies, the structure of the design earthquake forces likely to come in the process of building area to be threatening the PGA different earthquake source and designed for different earthquakes, the bill needs to be examined by earthquakes. Available next to the station to do a strong ground motion results to be obtained in theoretical studies of dynamic amplification factor (DAF) with PGE values in bedrock using actual earthquake records can be made about the approach. Microtremor from measurements obtained within the HVS specific assumptions and estimates of these values may be used in front of amplification have been proposed. in addition, this HVSR floor is identical with the view that the transfer function has been developed. in this study, Izmir Metropolitan Areas threatening the most active earthquake source history of earthquakes literature after selecting these potential sources of earthquakes on the design earthquake created and applied 57 points microtremor measurements obtained by ground transfer functions on bedrock metropolitan area. The quake occurred on the ground surface showing that the rate at which changes the dynamic amplification parameter (Dynamic Amplification Factor-DAF) was calculated. Keywords: Dynamic amplification factor, Scenario earthquake, Soil Transfer function, Soilstructure interaction 151 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Determination of Soil-Structure Interaction (Hakkari, Turkey) By Using Microtremor Method of Yüksekova Ismail Akkaya1, M. Alper Şengül1, Ali Özvan1, Mücip Tapan1 1Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Yüksekova (Hakkari) and its surrounding area is one of the seismically active zone of Eastern Anatolia. The possibility of a big magnitude earthquake that may result in heavy damages to the structures is high since the construction quality is low and the region is generally located on Quaternary aged terrestrial sediments composed of loose-soft sediments which could amplify the earthquake ground motion to a considerable level. The horizontal to vertical spectral ratios of microtremor (HVSR) analysis of Yüksekova and its surroundings is carried out using the results of field investigations, local soil conditions and seismotectonic features of the region in order to determine the soil-structure interaction properties of the region that is directly related to the extent of building damages after earthquakes. In this research, data collection carried out for 30 minutes using three component seismograph measurements at 40 points in the Yüksekova region. Yüksekova area are settled on loose-soft sediments were verified with comparatively high HVSR peak period values and HVSR peak amplitude values. The HVSR technique shows good correlation with the variation of the sediment thickness of the area. From place to place, the water level in the plain area is shallow. Because of the shallow underground water level and the sandy soil layer the level of liquefaction has increased in Yüksekova. Earthquake damages are expected to be high in the villages near to the faults because of the widespread application of low quality unreinforced masonry and adobe buildings. The results of this study show that, local soil conditions may play an important role on the damage level of structures after an earthquake. Keywords: Yüksekova-Hakkari , Earthquake, Ambient noise, HVSR, Soil-structure interaction, Wavelet Transform Methods for Arrival Times of P and S Phases Identification in Seismograms Fikret Doğru1, Eren Pamuk1 1Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey Spectral analysis of geophysical systems gives computational ease to derive important results by transforming the data into different domain. The development of wavelet transform offered variable resolution characteristics to resolve the spectral component and has various advantages over the conventional Fourier transform and windowed Fourier transform. The wavelet transform is used commonly signal processing during the last four decades. in addition, this transform has began utilization of seismic signal processing recently. It is important that P and S wave arrival times and noise at earthquake records and the distance between the epicenter of earthquake and station for seismic signal processing. Phase separation of earthquake waves in all components is the most significant in seismological studies and arrival times of P and S phases can be determined using wavelet transform at seismograms. Furthermore, aim of this study obtaining the phases at the noisy seismic signals whose P and S phases are too difficult to determine. Seven earthquakes (M≥3.5) that occurred at the Bursa (Turkey) and its surrounding on 1997-2000 were used as real data. In our study, the wavelet transform gives very successful results at detecting the P and S seismic phases, thus making the data more comprehensible. Keywords: Wavelet transform, P and S waves, Signal processing 152 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Crust Structure of Denizli Graben and Its Relation with Seismicity F.Figen Altinoğlu1, Ali Aydin1 1Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Jeofizik Mühendisliği Bölümü Denizli graben is a part of Aegean extensional province and its one of the most tectonically important structure of western Anatolia. Many earthquakes have been occured in this region with high magnitudes. To interpret the seismicity and its relation with crust structure in the Denizli graben, the earthquake data which occurred between 1900-2012 years with the magnitude ≥3 and Bouguer gravity anomaly data of study area have been used. Bouguer gravity anomalies of western Anatolia give high negative values and rise from east to west direction. Two dimensional models of the crust have been modeled using Bouguer gravity data of two vertical and two horizontal profiles crossing the graben. Before the modeling process power spectrum method has been useed to determine the depth of subsurfaces and three layers at 3 km, 9 km and 28 km have been defined. The picenters of earthquakes were added to these crust models to clearly define the crystalline basement level. As a result we defined the crystalline basement level at 10-12 km on the crust that earthquakes mostly occurred in. And the lineaments like faults, fractures, etc. are located in these levels. Earthquakes with high magnitude are mostly occurred below the basement, rarely the earthquakes with magnitude smaller than 4 occurred above the basement. The most of the earthquakes occurred between 5-10 km in the crust and this depth level is in accordance with the crystalline basement topography. Keynotes: Seismicity, Crust structure 153 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Fossil Oceanic Core Complex in the Limassol Forest, Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus Bar Elisha1,Yaron Katzir1, Meir Abelson2, Samuele Agostini3, John W. Valley4, Michael J. Spicuzza4 1Ben Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 2Geological 3IGG-CNR, 4Univ. Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel Pisa, Italy of Wisconsin, Madison, USA The fossil ridge-transform intersection preserved in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, exposes two dissimilar segments of a paleo-spreading center. North of the Arakapas fossil transform fault an intact oceanic lithosphere is preserved. However, south of the Arakapas transform, in the Limassol Forest, extensive talc-amphibole-chlorite metasomatic zones and rodingitized gabbro boudins occur within a strongly foliated serpentinite shear-zone separating ultramafics from sheeted dykes. δ 18O values of the serpentine in the Limassol Forest are invariably lower than mantle values (0 to 5.7‰; n=26), consistent with serpentinization during seafloor spreading. δ18Oserp decreases from 4 to 0‰ towards the contact, suggesting that this shear zone was acting as a conduit for seawater circulating at moderate to high temperatures (~150 to 250°C) close to the spreading axis. Accordingly, the mantle sequence of the Limassol Forest is suggested to have been exhumed at the footwall of an oceanic core complex, which explains the complicated structure of oceanic lithosphere exposed in the Limassol Forest. North of the Arakapas transform, the Mt. Olympus serpentinites comprise two generations of serpentine. Early oceanic lizardite (δ18Oserp= 4 to 6‰) is heavily overprinted by late chrysotile veins (δ18Oserp= 10 to 14‰; δ11Bserp= -6 to 13‰). The new data suggest that chrysotile is related to the emplacement of the ophiolite on the African margins. δ11Bserp gradually decreases away from the Cyprus Arc subduction trench, resembling across arc trends recorded in magmas. This suggests that fluids released from the subducting slab beneath Cyprus migrated upward and overprinted the partially serpentinized mantle with thick chrysotile veins. Keywords: Limassol Forest, Troodos, Oceanic Core Complex, Detachment, Serpentine, δ18O, δ11B Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the VeriaNaousa ophiolite (north Greece) Aikaterini Rogkala1, Basilios Tsikouras2, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou1 1University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, 265 00, Patras, Greece; 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam A dismembered ophiolite unit occurs in the region between Veria and Naousa, which is superimposed on a basement consisting of rocks belonging to the Pelagonian isopic zone and partly to the Almopia subzone of the Axios zone in northern Greece. The mantle peridotites are composed of variably serpentinized harzburgite and lherzolite intruded by a sparse network of pyroxenitic dykes affected by melt-rock interaction processes. The harzburgites are the most depleted mantle rocks. Although both lherzolites and pyroxenites are the most fertile mantle rocks, they exhibit varying degrees of partial melting. The petrogenetic development of the mafic ophiolitic rocks is characterized by fractional crystallization in an open system, suggested by the continuous plot of the rocks on differentiation diagrams and the presence of subparrallel REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the coexisting peridotites and mafic lithologies are compatible with ophiolitic rocks generated in a suprasubduction zone environment. Keywords: Veria ophiolite, Peridotites, Partial melting 154 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey 16 – 17 October 2014 The First Finding of Cambro-Ordovician Trace Fossils in the Siliciclastic Deposits in the Eastern Taurides (Kozan-FekeSaimbeyli/ADANA) Huriye Demircan1, Doğan Usta2, Şerafettin Ateş1, Özgür Deveci1 Department of Geological Research, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06520, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] 1 2 General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Adana, Turkey In the western part of the Eastern Taurus Mountains to the northeast of Kozan-FekeMansurlu, a number of allochthonous tectono-stratigraphic units and their slices of different ages and depositional features are observed. The Geyikdağ Unit including a more or less complete Paleozoic-Mesozoic stratigraphic succession includes in its lower part Late Cambrian - Early Ordovician wave-dominated shallow-marine siliciclastics, rich in trace fossils. No detailed studies done in the sequence within the trace fossils starts with late Cambrian slightly metamorphic siliciclastic rocks, followed by early Ordovician siltstone, shale and sandstones. The trace fossil bearing units at the base consist of laminated mudstone and siltstone continued by green, brown, scaly mica, laminated, fine-grained sandstone and shale. The unit contains abundant, diverse, and well-preserved arthropod ichnofossil assemblage. For example; including Aulichnites isp., Arenicolites isp., ?Circulichnis isp., Cruziana isp., Cruziana furcifera, Cruziana imbricata, Cruziana rugosa, Cruziana goldfussi,Didymaulichnus isp., Diplocraterion isp., Gordio isp., Kullingia cf. Concentrica,Monocraterion isp., Monomorphichnus isp., Palaeophycus isp., Phycodes isp., Phycodes palmatus, Planolites isp.,Rusophycus isp., Skolithos isp., Teichichnus isp., Treptichnus isp., and Trichophycus isp. The stratigraphic ranges of these trace fossils it is suggested that especially the rocks of the Cruziana species bearing localites are Cambro-Ordovician in age. Keywords: Trace fossils, Cambro-ordovician, Clastic deposits, Kozan-Feke, Adana, Turkey 155 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Description of the Eocene Alveolina, Safranbolu Basin Kübra Okur1 1Esogü, Turkey The purpose of this study is to define Alveolina species and discuss the age and depositional environment of the marly limestone layers of the Eocene aged Safranbolu Formation in the western Black Sea region. Safranbolu basin is located in the western Pontides which is a continuation of the Eurasian continent and lays North of Karabük basin. It is surrounded by Bolu in SW and Kastamonu in NE. The Safranbolu formation is underlained by Ulus formation with an angular unconformity at the southern part of the basin and conformably overlies the Kışlaköy Formation. The main lithology of the Formation is limestone often showing a reefal characteristic and constitues mainly Alveolina and Nummulites species. Alveolins are known to live in warm sea waters. 5-6oC rise in sea temparature occurred during the Paleocene-Eocene periods. The time period of the fossils of this study are dated as 56-48 Ma which corresponds to ‘Early Eocene Climate Optimum’ (EECO), one of the warmest periods of the Cenozoic Era. Alveolins are known to live dominantly at ‘Paleocene Eocene Termal Maksimum’ (PETM) at the peak level of this warming. Twenty-five outcrop samples were collected from an eight meters thick section in the southwestern part of Safranbolu Formation. Thin sections were prepared from grain and whole-rock specimens. Micropaleontological analyses of the samples which belonged to deep, medium depth and shallow parts of the basin were carried out to determine the age and depositional environments. The fossil specimens yielded well preserved and prolific assemblages of Alveolina species of Cusian-early Lutetian age. Besides twenty-two species of Alveolina, taxa belonging to five benthic genera are defined. Keywords: Western Pontides, Safranbolu Formation, Eocene Alveolin 156 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Oligocene Climate and Vegetation in the Thrace Basin (Turkey) Based on Pollen Data Nurdan Yavuz1, Halil Yusufoğlu1, Ş. Sinan Demirer1, Alper Bozkurt1 1General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Department of Geological Research, Ankara, Turkey This study includes palynological analyses of organic-rich samples collected during Tectonostratigraphy of Istranca Massif and Its Correlation with Bulgarian Sequences Project of MTA. The Istranca Massif consists of two assemblages; the pre-Eocene metamorphic basement and Tertiary cover units. The Tertiary units are represented by Middle-Upper Eocene Poyralı Group (Akören, Islambeyli, Evrencik Formations) which is overlain by Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene Pınarhisar Formation. This unit is laterally and vertically transitional to Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene Süloğlu Formation including lignite-bearing sediments deposited in a backshore to lagoonal environment which is the focus of this study. The Middle-Upper Miocene Ergene Formation unconformably overlies the Süloğlu Formation. Samples collected from two open pit mines (Kırklareli-Poyralı-Tozaklı and EdirneLalapaşa-Yağcılı) revealed palynomorph assemblages composed exclusively of terrestrial elements, fresh water algae and aquatics. The presence of fresh water is indicated by Zygnemataceae, Ovoidites, Sparganium and Typhea in the Yağcılı which is surrounded by spore producing plants (Osmunda, Lygodium, and Polypodiaceae). On the lake shores a coal swamp with Taxodiaceae and Nyssa, and a riparian plant association with Alnus, Carya, Carpinus and Ulmus have been identified. Further inland evergreen and deciduous mixed forests are composed mainly of Engelhardia, Pterocarya, Fagus and Pinus. A similar assemblage from the Tozaklı section was also obtained. The development of mesothermic floras in both sampling locations, with a subtropical component (Dicolpopollis kalewensis), indicate that a warm-temperate climate was present in the Thrace Basin during Late Oligocene. Keywords: Thrace Basin, Late Oligocene, Pollen, Climate, Vegetation Palynological and Isotopic Data from a Well-Known Early Miocene Mammal Type Locality, Kılçak (MN 1), Central Anatolia, Turkey Nurdan Yavuz1, Ş. Sinan Demirer1 1Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü The Kılçak locality is one of the well-known rodent type sections for the Early Miocene in the Eastern Mediterranean. The deposits which yielded the Kılçak faunas have been included in different formations by different researchers. Şen et al. (1998), for the first time, proposed that the fossiliferous deposits at Kılçak must be distinguished as a different stratigraphic unit. Kaymakçı (2000) made first formal definition of Kıçak Formation afterward and gave its lithological characteristics along a reference section. Palynological analysis are carried on samples collected from organic rich horizons along this reference section from which rodent samples already were collected and studied by Hans de Bruijn and fitted to MN-1 and lower part of MN-2 zones that corresponds to the lower part of the Early Miocene (Aquitanian). 13 C analysis shows that vegetation was dominated by C3 plants. The continuous occurence of freshwater algae (Botryococcus, Ovoidites, Spirogyra, Spicadinium) reflects presence of a shallow, stagnant, open pond. The pond was surrounded by riparian forests dominated by Alnus, Ulmus, Carya and relatively drier habitats were vegetated by mixed forests composed of Pinus with an admixture of thermophilous taxa (Castanea and Engelhardia). The mutually exclusive existence of Botryococcus and Zygnemataceae indicates differences in depositional conditions. Keywords: Palynology, Isotope analysis, Kılçak, Mn1, Anatolia 157 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey A Large Hyaenid of Western and Central Anatolia in Late Miocene: Adcrocuta Eximia (Hyaenidae, Mammalia) Arzu Gül Akçay1, Serdar Mayda2, Mehmet Özkul1 1Pamukkale 2Ege University, Turkey University, Turkey Anatolia has an important position during the migration of hyaenids which is thought to have originated from Europe to the East. In this study, some dental discoveries of Adcrocuta eximia (Roth and Wagner, 1854) from Çeltek (MN 11-12) (Aksaray), Çobanpınar (MN 13) (Ankara), Gülpınar (MN 11-12) (Çanakkale) and Gökeşme (MN 12) (Kırşehir) were examined. The findings have been determined in aspects of biochronology, palaeogeography and palaeoecology using biometrical analysis (multivariation); it was concluded that largehyaenid Adcrocuta eximia in late Miocene of Western and Central Anatolia have been found to be consistent with congenerical form in Greco-Iran bioprovinces and China. When this carnivorous species evaluated with herbivorous remains in the same habitat, it shows that the late Miocene environment in the Western and the Central Anatolia would be woodland, grassland and open areas (savannah). Keywords: Late Miocene, Hyaenidae, Adcrocuta eximia 158 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Nature of Migmatites in Central Anatolia, TURKEY Cumhur Özcan Kılıç1, Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu2 1Ankara University Geological Engineering Department, Turkey 2Ankara University, Geological Engineering Department-Ankara University, Earth Sciences Application and Research Center, Turkey Central Anatolia Crystalline Complex (CACC) is delimited by Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone in the north,Ecemis Fault in the east and Tuz Golu Fault in the west.CACC consist of metamorphic rocks in the basement,ophiolitic units overlay the basement, felsic and mafic magmatic rocks intrude the metamorphic and ophiolitic rocks and cover sedimentary units.Metamorphic rocks generally consist of marbles.Metamorphic rocks such as migmatites,mica schists,sillimanite gneisses,quartzites and amphibolites are less dispersive.Migmatites mostly give outcrops in the contacts of the felsic intrusives as gradual contacts.Migmatites are heterogenous rocks formed in high temperature metamorphic zones. They are characterized by light colored “leucosome” which formed by the result of partial melting and dark colored “melanosome” which is rich in remnant mafic minerals.Migmatites can be seen in termal metamorphic and also in high temperature regional metamorphism zones.Migmatites spatially can be seen nearby granitic,monzonitic and syenitic intrusions.Migmatites formed by the partial melting of continental crust,may generate felsic magma as a result of anatexis.In Central Anatolia,presence of migmatitic rocks are known near Kirsehir (Kaman,Akpinar,Buzlukdagi) Aksaray-Ortakoy and Yozgat-Akdagmadeni.Previous studies indicate that the metamorphic rocks within CACC are formed as the result of regional metamorphism.Due to field, petrographic,geochemical and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy studies,these metamorphic rocks are not the product of regional metamorphism process.They are contact metasomatic,migmatitic textured,pelitic origined metamorphic rocks formed by the effect of high temperature generated by the magmatic units intrude into crust. Keywords: Central Anatolia, Migmatites, Contact metamorphism 159 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Nature of the Demirköy Intrusive Body: Geochemical and Confocal Raman Spectrometry Characteristics, Strandja Massif, NW TURKEY Ezgi Ulusoy1, Yusuf Kağan Kadıoğlu2 1General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Department of Geological Research, TURKEY 2Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, TURKEY Strandja Massif which is located on NW Turkey composed of a Paleozoic metamorphic crystalline basement consisting of low grade metamophic rocks and cover units which are Mesozoic age. Strandja Massif is generally cut in NW–SE directions by Upper Cretaceous felsic and mafic intrusions. Demirköy intrusive body (DIB) is one of the youngest magmatic bodies that outcrop around Demirköy town. It is generally composed of granitic, granodioritic, dioritic and gabbric rocks. Felsic rocks have faneritic texture and contain dioritic and quartz dioritic enclaves, size ranging from 1cm to 1m where as mafic rocks have faneritic eqiugranular texture and some of them contain gabbroic orbicular microgranular enclaves whose size changing from 1 cm to 15 cm. DIB intruded to the metacarbonate, metaclastic rocks and Paleozoic crystalline rocks. Andalusite fillite, andalusite graphite schist, garnet diopsite quartz schist and garnet bearing calcschist are observed at the NW contact of DIB. At the NE contact between intrusion and metacarbonate rocks are also observed contact metasomatic Fe–Cu mineralization. Granite and granodiorite of DIB are calcalkalen, peraluminous and intermediate K in character whereas rocks are tholeiitic. Mafic magmatic enclaves have transition zone from calcalkalen to tholeiitic nature on AFM diagram. ORG normalized trace elemental patterns show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in high field strengtht elements. The tectonic discrimination diagrams of DIB plots on the volcanic arc granite region. According to these data, DIB is H-type granite and derived from magma with crustal component due to the closure of Srednogorie arc. Keywords: Demirköy intrusive body (DIB), Petrography, Geochemistry, Confocal raman spectroscopy, Enclave The Geochemistry and Petrology of the Magmatic Complex from the Namrun (Mersin) Region, Southern Turkey Utku Bağcı1, Hayati Koç1, Murat Camuzcuoğlu1,Musa Alpaslan1 1Mersin Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Mersin, Türkiye The magmatic complex is located in south of Namrun (Mersin) and has limited outcrop (~10 km2). This complex is composed of plutonic and subvolcanic rocks and tectonically overlain by the Mersin ophiolite and underlain by the Demirkazık formation. Petrographically the magmatic complex rocks are represented by granite, granodiorite, monzonite, diorite, granophyre, granite porphyr and diabase. These rocks present granular, microgranular porphyric, micrographic, and intersertal textures, respectively. The whole rock major and trace element geochemistry of the magmatic complex rocks indicate that they have peraluminous (Al 2O3=10.35-20.39 %), tholeiitic and calc-alkaline compositions. Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) diagram display slightly depletion in light rare earth elements (LREE) and negative Eu anomalies with nearly flat patterns (LaN/YbN =0.62-0.44). Ocean ridge granites (ORG)-normalized spider diagram shows light large-ion lithophile (LIL) element (Ba, Th) enrichment and depletion of high field strength (HFS) element (Hf, Zr, Sm, Yb) with negative anamolies of Nb and Zr, suggesting subduction related setting for these rocks. All the geochemical and petrographic evidence suggest that the magmatic complex from the Namrun region were formed in volcanic arc setting during the Late Cretaceous. Keywords: Magmatic complex, Petrography, Geochemistry, Volcanic arc, Mersin 160 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Petrogenesis of Syn-Collisional S- and I-Type Granitoids of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt (Zagros Orogen) Robab Hajialioghli1, 1Department of Earth sciences, Faculty of Naturl Sciences, University of Tabriz, Iran The Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt is part of a Neo-Tethys Orogen which has recorded the metamorphic and magmatic affects in relation with opening, subduction and subsequent closing of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Collisinal granitoids in the SanandajSirjan Zone are composite plutons composed of rocks with different mineralogical and chemical composition (granite, granodiorite to tonalite). Chemically the rocks are peraluminous and metaluminous and show S-and I-type characteristics. The S-Type granitoids are formed from partial melting of pelitic and felsic crustal rocks and I-type granitoids are formed by partial melting of the lower crustal metabasic rocks. YSiO2vs. Rb-SiO2 discrimination diagram show syn-collision and volcanic arc characteristics for the granitoids. The collisional and volcanic arc settings correspond to S and I-type granitoids, respectively. Oval shapes of the plutons with large axes parallel to the Zagros main trend along with deformational textures and structures, existence of aluminous minerals such as andalusite, garnet and sillimanite as well as micaceous enclaves and geochemical features all support generation of these rocks by partial melting of heterogeneous source materials in a continental collision setting corresponding to the Zagros Orogen. The scenario for formation of the Sanandaj Sirjan granitoids is as follows: The southern branch of Neo-tethys Ocean (Zagros Ocean in Iran), which was formed between the Arabian plate and the Central Iranian block during Palaeozoic to Triassic, was closed with subduction beneath the Central Iran Zone during Cretaceous. Continental collision of the Arabian plate and the Central Iranian plate formed the Sanandaj Sirjan I- and S-type granitoids during Tertiary. Keywords: Collision, I- and S- type granitoids, Sanandaj-Sirjan, Zagros Orogen, Neo-Tethys 161 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Novel Garnet-Orthopyroxene Thermometery: Granulites and Diamondiferous Peridotites Spiros Olivotos 1, Dimitrios Kostopoulos 1University 2Eldorado Emphasis on 2 of Athens, Greece Gold Corporation, Greece The Fe-Mg exchange reaction between garnet and orthopyroxene is a robust geothermometer that has extensively been used to retrieve metamorphic temperatures from granulitic and peridotitic/pyroxenitic lithologies with important implications on the thermal state of the continental lithosphere. We gleaned more than 800 experimental mineral pairs available in the literature and recalibrated the above reaction in the P-T range 0.5-15 GPa / 800-1800°C. Our new thermometer reproduces the experimental data to within 50°C and is independent of P-T-X variations within the bounds of the experimental data set. We subsequently applied our new calibration to metamorphosed crustal and mantle rocks that occur both as massifs and xenoliths in volcanics. The most significant results of our approach are summarized below: Granulites from Norway display a spread from UHT conditions to subsolidus reequilibration (Rogaland: 972±21°C & 828±34°C; Bamble: 857±52°C; Arendal: 692±29°C). UHT granulites from Brazil (Anapolis) exhibit: 978±86°C [cores], 841±84°C [rims] and 777°C [symplectites]. Orthopyroxene-rich domains from the South Harris granulites, Scotland, also demonstrate UHT conditions (990±27 @ 1GPa). The same is true for Indian granulites from the Palni Hills (peak conditions: 1000-1100°C @ 1GPa). Mafic/ultramafic xenoliths from Qilin (SE China), Spitsbergen and Deccan define continental geotherms between 65 and 70mW.m -2 signifying the presence of thinned lithosphere. Mantle xenoliths from S. African and Lesotho kimberlites demonstrate a remarkable 40mW.m-2 geotherm. UHP mantle peridotites from China are characterized by the coldest geotherm identified so far (33mW.m -2) implying significant removal of the lithospheric keel. Keywords: Garnet, Orthopyroxene, Thermometry, Granulites, Diamondiferous, Peridotites 162 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geochemical Observations Eskisehir, NW Turkey on the Kaymaz Gold Deposit, Özlem Toygar1, Hüseyin Sendir1, Mehmet Demirbilek2, Halim Mutlu3 1Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey 2Dumlupinar 3Ankara University, Turkey University, Turkey The Kaymaz gold deposit in mid-west Anatolia, 65 km southeast of Eskisehir city, is one of the unique gold deposits in Turkey. The Cretaceous HP-LT metamorphic rocks of the Tavsanli Zone, an ophiolite mélange and the Kaymaz granite of Eocene age are exposed in the region. The gold deposit occurs in intensely oxidized and silicified serpentines called listwaenite. The pervasive hydrothermal alteration is represented by extreme silicification with up to 95% SiO2 in the ore zone, hydrothermal brecciation, vuggy quartz textures and local quartz veins. Gold content in the main zone (the Topkaya Hill) samples exceed 12 ppm accompanied by an average silver concentration of 11.4 ppm. The argillic alteration affects the granite in an increasing rate along the silicified serpentinite contact. Kaolinite is observed as an argillization product both in granite and host rock. Gold and silver behave differently in other locations around the gold deposit. Regarding rare earth element concentrations in the mineralized zone, light rare earth element are found to display different variations with respect to gold contents. Rare earth elements in the Topkaya Hill are less enriched in gold-bearing samples, although this is not the case for the whole mineralized zone. It is proposed that these variations are due to the presence of more than one fluid in the system and/or different phases which transport ore minerals at varying extent. Results of sulfur isotope analysis on pyrite samples indicate that the source of sulfur in the system is of magmatic origin. Our ongoing research will lead to a better understanding of the source of fluid type as well as element mobility in regard to gold formation. Keywords: Kaymaz, Eskisehir, Gold deposit, Geochemistry 163 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geology and Ore Mineralogy Features of Hayriye, Iclaliye Mineralizations in (Inegöl-Bursa) Area Hüseyin Sendir1, Kadir Sarıiz1, Duru Aral1, Hüseyin Kocatürk1, Özlem Toygar1 1Department of Geology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey The study area is located at 30 km southeast of Inegöl (Bursa), includes Hayriye and Iclaliye villages. The Paleozoic aged Devlez Metabasite is the oldest unit of the study area. This unit includes amphibolite, glaucophane-lawsonite schist, muscovite schists. The unit has widely spread in area. These units are overlain unconformably by the Geyiktepe Marbles. Paleocene aged Domaniç granitoidic intrusives cut other rock series and located as a batholite. Magmatic units present porphyric and holocrystalline textures. Granitoidic intrusions are represented by tonalite, tonalite porphyr, granodiorite, granodiorite porphyr, granite, diorite, diorite porphyries. The Domaniç granitoid intruded in to the metamorphides during Paleocene and caused formations of skarn zones and related Cu-Pb-Zn mineralizations along the contacts. The mineralizations occur along the metamorphites - plutonics contact, in the pockets and fractures extending towards marble. The thickness of the mineralized bodies can reach up to 1 -2 m. Main ore minerals are galenite, magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite in Hayriye mineralizations. Sphalerite, galenite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite minerals are also Iclaliye mineralizations. The studies are ongoing in the area. Keywords: Skarn deposits, Mineralization, Cu-Pb-Zn deposits, Inegöl-Bursa Geochemistry of Ni-Laterites in Southern Part of the Şaphane Dağı (Gediz/Kütahya, Western Turkey): a Preliminary Study M. Selman Aydoğan1 1Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 10145 Balikesir Ni-laterites, formed by intense tropical weathering of ultramafic rocks, include economically exploitable reserves of Ni and Co. In western Anatolia, many ophiolitic bodies obducted onto the Tauride-Anatolide platform from Izmir-Ankara Suture Zone have resulted in formation of Ni-bearing laterites. Therefore, Ni-laterites in western Anatolia (e.g. Çaldağ, Gördes, Muratdağı etc.) are common products of tropical weathering of ultramafic rocks. The Şaphane Dağı (Gediz, Kütahya) in the western Anatolia is hosted by numerous mineral deposits (alunite; Pb, Zn-skarn; porphyry Cu, Mo±Au and lateritic Ni-Co). in this reigon, Nilaterites are observed in the level over the serpentinitic ultramafic rocks of Dağardı Melange. The lateritised ultramafic rocks are formed presumably under the intense tropical weathering during the Oligocene time as similar to the Muratdağı (Uşak) laterites. In this study, 5 main zones are distinguished in a single profile in from bottom to top: (1) serpentinitic ultramafic rock, (2) altered subrock, (3) saprolite, (4) Fe-oxide, (5) ferruginous silica cap. Geochemically, sampled laterites have highest Ni (range from 0.319wt% to 5.63wt% with average 2.2wt%) and Co (range 277 ppm to 2927 ppm with average 1238 ppm) concentrations. The garnierite-bearing Fe-oxide phases observed in middle level of lateritic profile are significanlty characterized by high Ni-Co contents. in lateritic profile, some high elemental values in samples suggest that laterites can be affected from hydrothermal alteration in region. Keywords: Ni-laterite, Dağardı melange, Serpentinite, Gediz, Western Anatolia 164 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geochemistry of Radiolarian Chert-Hosted Manganese Mineralizations around Pabuçlu-Kavaklı in Kula (Manisa, Western Turkey): A Preliminary Study M. Selman Aydoğan1, Mustafa Kumral2 1Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Balikesir 2Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Istanbul The studied manganese mineralisations are located around Kavaklı and Pabuçlu villages found at approximately 25 km NE of Kula (Manisa). In the study area, manganese occurrences are hosted by radyolarian-chert block of Upper Cretaceous Vezirler Melange which is obducted onto the Precambrian gneisses of Menderes Massif. The Mn-mineralizations are originally associated with radiolarite-chert associations. Manganese mineralizations have thicknesses ranging from 3 m to 30 cm. in studied area, these occurrences are observed as irregular-shaped and intercalated with host rock. The X-ray diffraction and polished section determinations indicate that mineral paragenesis of manganese mineralizations is represented by braunite, pyrolusite, psilomelane, manjiroite, todorokite, and calcite, quartz as late stage. Geochemically, manganese occurrences have average compositions of MnO (44.55wt%), SiO 2 (22.82wt%), CaO (6.12wt%) and Fe2O3 (0.74wt%), Ba (10855 ppm), Sr (4491 ppm), Ni (195 ppm) and Co (101 ppm). According to the preliminary data, Mnmineralisations occurred via hydrothermal and hydrogenous-diagenetic processes. Keywords: Manganese mineralisation, Radiolarite-chert, Vezirler melange, Kula, Western Anatolia 165 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geochemistry of Ni-laterites in the Muratdağı Region (Uşak, western Turkey) M. Selman Aydoğan1, Selahattin Kadir2, Cahit Helvacı3, Ömer Elitok4 1Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 10145 Balikesir 2Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 26480 Eskişehir 3Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 35160 İzmir 4Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Isparta Supergene mineral deposits, formed by lateritic processes, have been a source of Al, Fe, Ni, Co, and Au deposits, and this process has been known from earliest times. Among the lateritic deposits, Ni-laterites are regolith materials formed by intense tropical weathering of ultramafic rocks including economically exploitable reserves of Ni and Co. The Muratdağı Region (Uşak, western Anatolia) is hosted by numerous ore deposits (Pb, Zn, Fe, Hg, Sb and Ni-Co). In this region, Ni-laterites are observed in the levels over the peridotitic ultramafic rocks especially associated with serpentinized harzburgite. These occurrences are breaked by normal faults. Ni-laterites in this region are strongly affected by hydrothermal activities along block faulting because of Miocene intrusives and extrusives. The lateritised ultramafic rocks of Muratdağı Ophiolites are formed presumably under the intense tropical weathering during the Oligocene time. Geochemically, Ni and Co concentrations in total 18 profiles from 5 locations in region are range from 2.536-0.003 (wt%) to 3084-1.2 (ppm), respectively. In some lateritic profiles, highest U (49.9 ppm), Th (58.5 ppm), Sr (6066 ppm), Hg (>50 ppm) and As (5361 ppm) concentrations suggest that laterites are significantly affected from hydrothermal alteration resulting such as pyrite, gyppsium, jarosite, alunite and natural sulphur minerals. These alteration episodes are derived probably from Miocene syn-extensional intrusives and extrusives that are dominated in the region. Based on mineralogical composition, Ni-laterites are fundamentally classified as: Type A, Type B, and Type C. Here in the Muratdağı Region, Ni-laterites can be classified as dominantly type B and locally type C. Keywords: Muratdağı ophiolite, Peridotite, Ni-laterite, Hydrothermal alteration, Uşak, Western Anatolia 166 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Heavy Mineral Enrichment in Modern Beach Sediments along the Datça Peninsula (SW Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean): Implication for Placer Exploration Mustafa Ergin1, Barbaros Şimşek2, Zehra Karakaş1, Başak Eser1, Koray Sözeri1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering/Geological Research Center for Fluvial, Lacustrine and Marine Environments-AGDEJAM Ankara, Turkey; 2General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration-MTA, Ankara, 06800 Turkey The main objective of this study was to investigate possible occurrence and distribution of chromite placers along the coasts of the Datça Peninsula, located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea of southwestern Turkey. Within the framework of three scientific research projects of the Ankara University-BAP (projects 20050745035, 09B4343019 and 13L4343008), large amounts of sediment samples were taken from the surficial parts of modern coastal beaches of this peninsula at 138 sites. Grain size (dry sieving) , total heavy mineral contents (separation by bromoform) and some geochemical data (XRF) were obtained using standard analytical procedures. Available data provided reveal that the sandy and gravelly beaches in varying lengths, widths and slope gradients occur in different coastal types but in majority between the rocky headlands as pocket beaches. Morphodynamic state and wave and current regime in the studied regions exhibit the presence of both reflective and dissipative beaches. Mean grain size values fell between +2 and -2 ϕ (medium sand to granule; avg. +1 ϕ) and sorting values (0,5-2; avg. 1) displayed moderately well sorted to poorly sorted sediments . Total heavy mineral contents of fraction with density greater than 2,9 in bulk sediment samples ranged from less than 1% to 98 wt.%. Compared to the average abundances of Earth’s crustal rocks, the measured concentrations of Fe 2O3 (8-12%), Cr2O3 (0,-2%), MgO (10-25 %), Ni (500-2000 ppm) were significantly high, The presence of black sand, higher total heavy mineral and Cr concentrations together with abundant chromites peaks on XRD graphs overall strongly indicate occurrence of chromite placers along some coastal parts of the Datça Peninsula. Keywords: Eastern mediterranean, Datça peninsula, sediments, Heavy Minerals , Placers, Grain size, Geochemistry 167 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Geological Setting of the Gedabek Gold-Copper Deposit and Future Perspective (Azerbaijan) Gamet Guseynov1, Anar Valiyev2, Guillermo Turner-Saad3, Sabuhi Mammadov4 1Scientific-Research Institute of Mineral Resources at the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic, Azerbaijan. 2Azerbaijan 3Executive National Academy of Science, Geology Institute, Azerbaijan. Geometallurgical Consultant CAE Mining, Australia. 4Azerbaijan International Mining Company, Azerbaijan. Gedabek deposit is located within the Shamkir raise Lok-Karabakh metallogenic zones of the Lesser Caucasus. Lok-Karabakh zone represents the boundary uplift of the Lesser Caucasus; arch encircles it from the north, north-east and east. Zone in the north separated from the Kura depression by near-Lesser Caucasus deflection, and from the last regional-by the deep foundation. This fault is fixed by tectonic contact of the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous, and the outputs of the intrusive bodies and ore occurrences. From the South Lok-Karabakh zone bordered by Murovdagh thrust with seam-Geycha Akera zone. in the geological structure of the Lok-Karabakh zone a significant role has volcanic strata, age is determined in a wide range: from the Middle Jurassic to the Paleogene inclusive. In this research the mineralogy, texture, and formation of the Gedabek were studied to determine its geological conditions, time and spatial relations with certain mineral assemblages and associations. Based on this studies it is revealed that main carrier of gold in Gedabek deposit is the early pyrite. Gold in this mineral is thin dispersion condition. In chalcopyrite observed visible gold, which is probably related to the second stage of ore deposition. And a microscopic study of the huge amount of polished sections and interpretation chemical analytical data of the ore deposit was first discovered in Gedabek deposit following minerals, maghemite, linneite, minneite, molybdenite, and heulandite. Keywords: Gedabek gold-Copper, Azerbaijan 168 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Estimation of Hydraulic Properties of Liwa Aquifer from An Unconfined Pumping Test Data and Evaluation of Data By Using Boulton(1963) and Neuman(1975) Models Bedri Kurtuluş1, Özgür Avşar1, Tolga Necati Yaylım1, Engin Günay1 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University This study considers the estimation of aquifer parameters for a special homogeneous unconfined aquifer from pumping test data. Hydraulic properties to be determined from pumping test are specific yield (Sy), transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K), storativity(S). Step Drawdown Test, Constant-Rate Test and Recovery Test are conducted during pumping test. Study area is the Liwa aquifer located at United Arab Emirates.Determination of hydraulic properties are carried out from Boulton (1963) and Neuman (1975) methods by using data from Constant-Rate Test and Recovery Test. Gradual release of water from unsaturated zone by Boulton’s theory and instantaneous release of Neuman’s theory application and through the results of these tests, values of parameters can be expressed as; Transmissivity~ 730 m 2/day, Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity~ 10 m/day, Specific yield~ 0.12 and Storativity~ 1.3x10-3. In conclusion, through the estimation of Transmmissivity result of ConstantRate test are found to be more reasonable than Recovery data, both method can be applied as solution, yet Boulton’s method has relatively lower value. Storativity values obtained from the Boulton’s method and the Neuman’s method yield similar characteristics for the drawdown phase but Boulton’s solution underestimate values for the recovery phase. Keywords: Pumping test, Hydraulic properties, Unconfined aquifer, Liwa aquifer, United Arab Emirates, Boulton, Neuman The Water Stratification in Lake Salda Iliya Bauchi Danladi1, Hüseyin Çaldırak1, Sena Akçer Ön1, Bedri Kurtuluş1 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey Lake Salda is located within the boundry of the district of Burdur in the Lake District. It is one of the deepest lakes in Turkey (Altınsaçlı et. al., 2002). In this study, conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) device was used to measure temperature and electrical conductivity according to depth of pre-defined 15 locations. The locations were determined acording to seismic study performed on the Lake. The CTD device measurements for temperature and electrical conductivity have been analysed according to depth for thermocline and lake stratification. The thermocline is found to be between 7-25 m. In addition, the lake’s stratification is as follows: 1. Phase I: 0-7 m 2. Phase II: 7-25 m 3. Phase III 25-90 m This study was supported by the project number 113Y408 of TUBITAK and still continue. Keywords: Lake Salda, Thermocline, Stratification 169 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Recharge of Lake Salda Hüseyin Çaldırak1, Iliya Bauchi Danladi1, Sena Akçer-Ön1, Bedri Kurtuluş1 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Department of Geological Engineering, Turkey Lakes are very important in nature to supply fresh water for human needs and the maintenance of the natural environment and ecosystems with a continuous recycling and renewal process of evaporation, precipitation and runoff. There are two types of basins in which are endorheic and exorheic basins. Exorheic basins deliver their water to the sea and oceans and this is their process of continuation. As of endorheic basin type lakes, they cannot deliver water to open waters, for this reason, lake water level rise or fall can be correlated with climate, local techtonic etc. In this study, in some routes on Lake Salda, seismic study was carried out and some comments have been made on the techtonic of the lake’s floor and a fault has been found on the East to West direction. Also, some spring water points have been seen around the lake. In addition, within some selected locations, measurements have been made with CTD device and temperature, salinity and electrical conductivity informations have been obtained according to depth. As a result, based on the research and work done on Lake Salda, having in mind CTD, seismic and topographic datas, we will make our firstly comments on the recharge of the Lake Salda. This study was supported by the project number 113Y408 of TUBITAK and still continue. Keywords: Lake Salda, Recharge, CTD, Seismicity, Tectonic, Topography Fault Delineation Research Based on Rn and CO2 Measurements in the Soil: An Example for Eskisehir—Karabayir Didem Yasin1, Ahmet Hilmi Gülbay1, Galip Yüce2, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Geological Engineering, Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey. 1 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Changes in noble gas concentrations of soil in relations to the earthquakes take attention of many researchers.For this purpose,observations in radon and CO 2 changes of soil and water have been increased in the last decades.Radon and CO 2 measurements are widely used as a tool for the delineation of buried active faults.Eskisehir is located between the Aegean-Western Anatolian block where the extensional regime is present and the sinistrial strike-slip fault zone, with a normal component, belonging to the Central Anatolian Block.The study area is located in Karabayir district where the tectonically contact between ophiolitic uplift and alluvium can be traced.It is situated at the southwest of the Eskisehir city center.The aim of this study was to measure Rn and CO2 in soil and to expose buried fractures in the area.Additionally, possible relationship between microearthquake activities and shorttime variations in soil Rn/CO2 were also compared.Hence,CO2 and radon gases were measured at 33 locations in May 2013.According to preliminary results,CO2 seems to be a good carrier gas for radon since they have changed together(r>0.70).However,on the grounds of having several sources,C-13 analysis of CO2 will be helpful to identify its possible origin. Possible faults locations were obtained from the distribution maps of CO2 and Rn concentrations that having a linearity. Furthermore, Rn and CO 2 gas measurements were repeated at the highest location to observe a potential relationship between gas anomalies and micro-seismic activity.After all, this study presents primitive results and longtime observations with short interval measurements as well asa detailed geochemical study should be implemented to get more reliable results. Keywords: Soil, CO2 and radon, Fault location, Eskisehir 170 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Mineralogical-Petrographical and Gemological Characteristics of Natural Black Carbon (Oltu Stone) and Green Opal A.M. Ay 1, H. Günel 1, S. Kılınçarslan 1, T. Velioğlu 1, M. Alan , M. Hatipoğlu 2 1Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Tabiat Tarihi Müze Müdürlüğü Ankara 2Dokuz Eyül Üniversitesi Izmir Meslek Yüksekokulu, Kuyumculuk ve Takı Tasarımı Programı Izmir Oltu Stone (Natural Black Carbon), which is unique to Oltu region of Erzurum in Turkey, is mined from three villages (Yolgözler, Dutlu and Güllüce) and approximately 600 mine galleries in these villages. Its chemical structure is C 10H160, succunic acid. It is mined in highly amateur ways by villagers with hummers and chisels. Some galleries are about 300-350 meters, and no job security conditions are taken when Oltu Stone is mined. In addition, no mining licence is observed taken by neither public nor private sector. After extraction of Oltu Stone from mines, impurities on the edge of the rocks are immediately cleared and thrown into the tin which is about 1 kg in weight. In Oltu and Şenkaya region of Erzurum, 32 varieties and widespread reserves of opal was found. Researchers pointed out that 99 kinds of opal mainly mined in Australia, America, Mexico, Brazil and Peru are present all over the world, and 31 kinds of these opals are seen Oltu and Şenkaya region. Scene and emerald green opals are very unique to this region in the world. in Ottoman time, this opal was belonged to “Emerald Village”. That is why it was called then “Ottoman Emerald” and its name came from this village. Transparent ones of this opal are very valuable and used in jewellery. In determination of this opal which lies in ophiolitic rocks with ore microscope; chromite, goethite, hematite, limonite assemblage is observed. First opaque mineral (ore mineral) to be formed in Turnalı opals is chromite its chemical structure is SiO2.nH2O and crystal structure is amorphous. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) investigation of Oltu-stone (natural carbon black) and jet revealed several differences between these carbonaceous materials. The band peaking at ab. Keywords: FT-IR, Jet, Natural turkish carbon black, Oltu-stone, Turbostratic carbon, Green opal 171 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey The Geological and Geochemical Properties of the Quaternary Travertines in the Emet Basin (Kütahya-Turkey) Yaşar Kibici1, Gürsel Yanık1, Cafer Özkul1, Hüseyin Karakuş1, Mehmet Demirbilek1 1Dumlupınar University, Geological Eng. Dept., Kütahya, Turkey The Emet basin is aligned in the north–south direction forming a graben type structure. Quaternary units consisting of terrace materials, travertine and alluvium discordantly cover the Neogene sediments. In the Emet area, the travertine sequences are formed mostly of horizontally bedded travertine. Travertine deposits in these locations, with thickness from 25 to 60 m. dark (red, yellow and brown) and lightcoloured travertines occur as horizontally bedded and inclined layers and range from centimetres to several metres in thickness. The layers are composed mostly of fine crystalline to cryptocrystalline calcite. Some samples contain detrital minerals, including quartz, sericite, biotite, rutile, magnetite, hematite, montmorillonite, illite, and albite in very small amounts. Ca concentrations in the travertines range from 45,31% to 55,98% whereas the Mg varies from 0.10% to 0.79%. Magnetite and hematite are present in some of the ironrich samples. The Fe (4.09%- 27.07%) is high in the reddish-brown calcite from the Beştaş and Boyut travertine quarry faces. The minimum and maximum Sr values in travertine are from Beştaş quarry faces (137.4 ppm) and Yenice hidrorhermal alteration area (1840.6 ppm). The travertine layers with high Sr content (up to 1800 ppm), are typically found closest to linear spring discharges along the fissures. Some Sr may also have come from the Neogene strata in the Emet Basin that includes gypsum intercalations in the areas around Emet - Hisarcık main road. Travertines contain less Sr than the travertines found in the south localities. The elevated concentration of Sr is probably caused by the interaction of the circulating groundwater with the gypsum layers in the Emet Neogene basin. Keywords: Travertine, Emet Basin, Quaternary, Geochemical analysis 172 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey A Numerical Modeling Approach on the Heat Sources of the Western Anatolian Geothermal Systems Hüseyin Karakuş1, Şakir Şimşek2, Harun Aydın3 1Dumlupınar 2Hacettepe 3Yüzüncüyıl University Geological Eng. Dept. Kütahya, Turkey University Geological Eng. Dept. Ankara, Turkey University Environmental Eng. Dept. Van, Turkey Western Anatolia hosts a sequence of E to W trending large scale horst and graben structures developed under mainly N to S extensional tectonic regime. The majority of the highest temperature (>150 C) geothermal reservoirs in Turkey are hosted in these graben systems. Driving mechanism or origin of the heat-source of the geothermal systems existing in the region is still a matter of debate. Young Quaternary volcanism associated with extensional regime is quite limited in extent. Moreover the highest temperature geothermal reservoirs such as Kızıldere, Germencik and Salavatlı, are located far from Miocene or younger volcanic provinces. Since the lack of any recent volcanism in the region, crustal heat production may provide considerable portion of heat flux in the entire region. In this study, we made 2-D steady-state heat transfer model to evaluate major heat sources which contributing to surface heat flow of Western Anatolia. This model was setup and run for the three crustal profiles of the Büyük Menderes Graben (BMG). The BMG was selected due to its two unique properties; (1) it hosts the highest temperature geothermal fields of Turkey at its ends eastern segment and Germencik field (239 C) at the western segment (2) with contrast helium isotope ratios. Calibration was made by using Curie point isotherms of the region. Heat transfer modeling revealed that surface heat flow of the region is in the range of 85-116 mW/m2. While reduced heat flow (qr) was estimated as 50 mW/m2, Moho temperatures were modeled between 1050 °C to 1100 °C. Regarding down hole temperatures, circulation depths of thermal fluids have been estimated between 3 and 4 km from modeled crustal temperatures. Keywords: Geothermal, Surface heat flow modeling, Western Anatolia Hydrogeochemical (Denizli, Turkey) Studies of Yenicekent Geothermal Field Tuğbanur Özen1, Gültekin Tarcan1, Ünsal Gemici1, Mümtaz Çolak1, Ismail Hakkı Karamanderesi1 1Atatürk University, Turkey Yenicekent geothermal field is located on the Yenice Horst, in the northwest of Gediz Graben. In the study area the basement rock is Paleozoic Menderes Massive metamorphic. Neogene Kızılburun, Sazak, and Kolonkaya formations overlie the basement rocks. Alluvium and travertine cover all the units. In the study area, Sazak Formation and Menderes Massive Metamorphic rocks are the reservoir of the geothermal system alluvium is the shallow aquifer of the cold waters. The schist of Menderes Massive rocks and Neogene Kolonkaya and Tosunlar formations are the cap rock of the geothermal system. Thermal waters are generally Na-Ca-HCO3-SO4 water type. Thermal waters in the study area have been plotted in to the immature fields on the Na-K-Mg ternary diagrams. According to geothermometer results, reservoir temperatures are between 58 and 290oC. Mineral saturations at measured sampling temperature of thermal waters generally indicate carbonte scaling. Keywords: Yenicekent, Geothermal system, Geothermometer, Scaling 173 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Comparison of Wet and Arid Season Stable Isotope Characteristics of Thermal and Mineral Waters in Muğla (SW Turkey) Özgür Avşar1, Bedri Kurtuluş1, Fikret Kaçaroğlu1 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Turkey, In order to delineate the arid season stable isotope (D and 18O) characteristics of the thermal and mineral waters in Muğla region (SW Turkey), sampling was done at 52 locations (wells, hot and cold mineral springs) in September 2013. According to the arid season results, inland waters of Muğla are meteoric in origin. The coastal waters are under the effect of sea water mixing. Enrichments in light isotopes in Fethiye-Girmeler, Kavaklıdere-Menteşe and Yatağan-Hisarardı indicate that they are fed by meteoric water from high inland areas. Heavy isotope enrichments are seen in Datça-Ilıca and Bodrum-Karaada samples is probably due to the recharge by nearcoast rains. Different levels of contribution of sea water to the coastal natural waters are also remarkable. When the arid season analyses results are compared to the rainy season results of previous studies, it is seen that the differences range between -4.18 and 1.48 with an arithmetic mean of -0.14 for 18O, while D results differs with a range between -18.9 and 7.46 with an arithmetic mean of -0.53. The plot of difference between arid and rainy season measurements reveals that the difference is increasing with increasing stable isotope ratios. Moreover, rainy season results are generally less than arid season results, which may indicate dilution due to high precipitation. Keywords: Stable isotope, Arid, Rainy, Thermal water, Mineral water, Muğla Integration of Thermal Energy Storage Systems With Existing Architectural and Heating-Cooling Systems Burak Hozatli1, Nilay Özeler Kanan1 1Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Turkey The energy consumption for heating and cooling of non-residential buildings has a large share of total energy consumption in that building. The efficient supply of heating and cooling energy hence plays an important role in reducing the energy consumption in buildings. Developing efficient and inexpensive energy storage devices is as important as developing new sources of energy. Energy storage can reduce the time or rate mismatch between energy supply and energy demand, and it plays an important role in energy conservation. In this context, aquifer thermal energy storages (ATES) can make a significant contribution since they provide the possibility to use low ambient temperatures in winter for the cooling in the summer and use high ambient temperatures in summer for heating of buildings in the winter. Within this paper, the brief information of ATES will be given and the characteristics of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) for building heating and cooling are discussed. Also investigation of system solutions towards ATES integration with heating-cooling systems which are available in the existing buildings is aimed. Keywords: Ates, Heating-cooling systems, Existing building, Integration 174 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Structural Evolution of Istanbul Zone: Sazlıbosna-Kayabaşı Area, West of Istanbul a Case Study in Mert Balamir1, Serdar Akyüz1 1 Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Lithological, stratigraphical and structural properties of formations in the area have been investigated in the Sazlibosna-Kayabasi vicinity, west of Istanbul, to understand geological and structural evolution of a part of Istanbul Zone. The area is mapped in 1/25.000 scale. The Lower Carboniferous aged Trakya Formation is an intercalation of sandstone and shale and forms the base of the field. Middle Eocene to Oligocene formations unconformably lie over Trakya Formation and show lateral and vertical transitions with each other. The Hamamdere Formation starts with mudstone deposition in a marineshelf environment. Sogucak Formation consists of reefal limestones. It is observed as thin layers through the shelf and the basin. Ceylan Formation is composed of marls and mudstones deposited in the deeper marine-basin environment. Cukurcesme Formation of the Upper Miocene is made up of coarse detritic sediments and covers all other lithologies. Four different deformation periods were determined from the bedding, fold and fault analyses. First deformation period, which affected the Trakya Formation, is E-W compression related to Hercynian Orogeny after Carboniferous; whereas the second deformation period reflects N20W-directed compressional structures caused by the Cimmerian Orogeny after Triassic, according to present geographic position. Third deformation period that affected the Trakya Formation is caused by the Alpine Orogeny in the N15E direction between Lower and Middle Eocene. The fourth deformation period in the area of investigation was mainly observed on the Eocene sediments. This deformation was not intensive as much as others and occurred between Oligocene and Upper Miocene with the N45W compression. Keywords: Istanbul zone, Structural evolution, Folding, Faulting 175 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey A Palaeoecological Evaluation from Muğla-Özlüce and BursaPaşalar Probosidean Fossils Gizem Didem Akçay1, Berna Alpagut1, Serdar Mayda2 1 Ankara University, TURKEY 2Ege University, TURKEY This paper will be given in order to compare Anatoian paleoenviroment which found probosidean remains which lived in Miocene and Turolianperiods.The main purpose is to understand the changing enviroments and its faunas. The fossils of extinct probosidean species had been excavated at these two sites and displaying at the MuğlaArchelogical Museum, under the Turolian Park Project. Through this Project the natural history of Muğla willbe exhibited both in the museum and at the site. Keywords: Miocene, Turolian, Probosidean, Paleoecology The Updated Late Miocene Mammalian Faunas of Özlüce, Şerefköy and Salihpaşalar from Yatağan Basin, Muğla, SW Turkey Serdar Mayda1, Berna Alpagut2, T.Tanju Kaya1 1Natural History Museum, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 2Ankara University, DTCF AnthropologyDepartment, Ankara, Turkey Anatolia has yielded more than 200 Neogene micro- and macro- mammalian faunas with almost complete taxonomic records. Within these numerous localities, SE trending Yatağan Basin, which is located near the town of Muğla on the southern flank of the Menderes Massif has been hosted more than 20 fossil mammal localities and preserves the richest taxonomic record for western Anatolia. At the basin, localities referred to as Salihpasalar-Kemikalan, Salihpasalar-Karaağaç, Şerefköy and Madenler, all of which were found in the redbed unit of the lower member of the Upper Miocene Yatağan Formation, (Atalay, 1980) are characterized by a large diversity of mammalian faunas dated as Middle Turolian (Kaya et al., 2012) of these, Şerefköy locality, situated near the Şerefköy village 9 km east of Yatağan town is one of the richest Turolian faunas from Anatolia in terms of both diversity and abundance and could be well comparable to Akkasdagi (Karadenizli et al., 2005) and Kemiklitepe (Sen et al., 1994). Apart from all these Middle Turolian localities of the Basin, Özlüce fauna which is deposited in a small and isolated basin which was formed during Late Miocene between NW-SE trending Muğla-Yatağan and Kale-Bozdoğan basins, includes representatives of most of the common mammal taxa from earliest Turolian. This study will give the updated faunal list of the aforementioned faunas of Yatağan Basin. Keywords: Muğla, Yatağan Basin, Late Miocene, Mammalian faunas 176 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Miocene Sub-Paratethyan Biogeographic Province: the Bovid Perspective Dimitris S. Kostopoulos1, Seval Karakütük2, Tanju Kaya2, 1Aristotle 2Natural University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Greece History Museum, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey Anatolia, Turkey, plays a crucial role in the reconstruction of late NeogeneEurasian palaeozoogeography and palaeoenvironments as it represents the natural link between the western and eastern extremes of the so-called Late Miocene sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province. Hipparionine horses and bovids constitute the bulk of the large mammal faunas of this area during Late Miocene times. An analysis of the taxonomic structure, size and diet spectra of several Turolian bovid assemblages from Greece, Turkey, and Irano-Afghani region allows recognizing a latitudinal habitat fragmentation along this province, resulted from geodynamic and physiogeographic factors. Our result show that the faunal composition of herbivores at various points of a supposedly homogeneous biogeographic province (such as the Late Miocene subParatethyan province) may depend more on historical (i.e., phylo-geographic) relationships and limitations than the type of vegetation cover. Local bovid communities adjust their dietary requirements in order to exploit the available habitat, rather than (or prior to) being re-organized by migratory movements and replacements of taxa. Keywords: Late Miocene, Zoogeography, Bovidae 177 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Author Index Aykut Tunçel, 71 Ayla Sevim Erol, 112 Ayşegül Yıldız, 53, 89 Ayten Koç, 54 Ayten Öztüfekçi Önal, 30 A A. Arda Özacar, 57, 58 A. M. Celâl Şengör, 23 A. Moravcová, 40 A. Turan, 117, 118 A. Ulianov, 108 A.H.F. Robertson, 35, 36, 37 A.L. Develle, 40 A.M. Ay, 171 A.M. Korjenkov, 96 A.N. Simakova, 81 A.S. Tesakov, 81 A.V. Latyshev, 81 Abitter Günay, 32 Adem Özdemir, 121 Ahmet Can Akıncı, 37 Ahmet Hilmi Gülbay, 170 Ahmet Ihsan Aytek, 93 Ahmet Özbek, 146, 147 Aikaterini Rogkala, 154 Akin Özgenc, 148 Aleksandar Mišković, 110 Alex Whittaker, 44 Alexey Ulianov, 107 Ali Aluç, 32, 103 Ali Aydin, 153 Ali Gürel, 48, 82, 89 Ali Karan, 115 Ali Özvan, 145, 152 Alper Baba, 50, 51, 114 Alper Bozkurt, 157 Alper Yener Yavuz, 112 Altuğ Saygılı, 149 Amit Segev, 64 Anar Valiyev, 109, 168 Andreas Dehnert, 25 Andreas Mulch, 55 Andreas Vött, 138 Anna Arcudi, 73 Anna Koutrouli, 46 Anne Claude, 25 Arda Arcasoy, 129 Arzu F.Demirel, 92 Arzu Gül Akçay, 158 Aslı Özmaral, 67 Attila Çiner, 26, 44 Aydın Alptekin, 146 Aydin Bayramov, 109 B B. Rojay, 56 B. Tank, 56 B. Tsikouras, 84 Baki Erdoğan Varol, 130 Bar Elisha, 154 Barbaros Şimşek, 167 Basilios Tsikouras, 147, 148, 154 Başak Eser, 167 Bedri Kurtuluş, 116, 169, 170, 174 Berihu Abadi Berhe, 98 Berna Alpagut, 91, 111, 176 Betül Batir, 66 Bilal Sarı, 86 Bilge Göksu, 130 Bilgehan Toksoy, 135 Bizhan Abgarmi, 57, 58 Bora Uzel, 27, 28, 54 Boulton, 169 Burak Hozatli, 174 Burak Yalamaz, 75, 134, 135 Bülent Arıkan, 42 C C. Kabukcu, 40 C. Lefebvre, 56 C. Rambeau, 40 C. Serdar Bayarı, 99 C. Teyssier, 56 C. Vasilopanagos, 95 Cafer Özkul, 172 Cahit Helvacı, 166 Can Akbulut, 146 Cannur Eroğlu, 143 Cansu Demirel, 135 Carsten Münker, 31 Cemile Solak, 79 Cengiz Okuyucu, 34 Cengiz Yildirim, 44 Cengiz Zabcı, 124 Cenk Gürevin, 135 178 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Ceren Küçükuysal, 38, 128 Christian Schlüchter, 25, 26, 126, 127 Christian Teyssier, 63 Christof Vockenhuber, 28, 123, 124, 126, 127 Christoph Grützner, 77 Cihan Bayrakdar, 123 Claudia Pelosi, 73 Côme Lefebvre, 55, 63 Conradin Zahno, 26 Cor Langereis, 54 Cornelis G. Langereis, 60 Craig Hart, 110 Cristina Persano, 61 Cumhur Özcan Kılıç, 159 Cüneyt Güler, 146 E.V. Belyaeva, 81 Emiko Kent, 44 Emin Demirbağ, 75 Emin Güngör, 75 Emmanouil Markakis, 32 Emre Damci, 68 Engin Günay, 169 Erdoğan Tekin, 130 Eren Pamuk, 71, 72, 151, 152 Erhan Gülyüz, 54, 60, 61 Eric Sandvol, 57, 58 Erman Özsayın, 113 Erol Sari, 135 Ersen Aksoy, 45 Evrim Çoban, 74 Ezgi Ulusoy, 160 Ezher Toker, 39 Ç F Çağlar Özkaymak, 27, 28 Çağlar Tuna, 151 F. Visini, 128 F.Figen Altinoğlu, 153 Fatih Adatepe, 150 Fatma Gülmez, 94 Fikret Doğru, 152 Fikret Kaçaroğlu, 174 Finlay M. Stuart, 61 Foutrakis Panagiotis, 29 François Guichard, 67 Fritz Schlunegger, 25 Funda Akgün, 130 D D. Bourlès, 128 D.L. Whitney, 56 D.M. Bachmanov, 81 D.V. Ozhereliev, 81 David A. Banks, 100, 101 David J.W. Piper, 32, 46 Deckenschotter, 25 Dejan Prelevic, 94 Demet Biltekin, 68 Deniz Göç, 107 Deniz Ibilioğlu, 87 Deniz Şanliyüksel Yücel, 51 Deniz Ülgen, 149 Derya Kanık, 91 Didem Yasin, 170 Dimitrios Kostopoulos, 162 Dimitris S. Kostopoulos, 177 Dimitry Tikhomirov, 124 Doğan Kalafat, 57, 58 Doğan Usta, 155 Donna L. Whitney, 55, 62, 63 Dursun Acar, 68, 75, 135, 141, 142, 143 Duru Aral, 164 G G. Aumaître, 128 G. Brocard, 56 Galip Yüce, 170 Gamet Guseynov, 109, 168 Gamze Gül Mungab, 114 Gary Rollefson, 41 Gasham Zeynalov, 47 George Anastasakis, 29, 32, 46 Georgia Pe-Piper, 46 Gilles Brocard, 62 Gino Mirocle Crisci, 73 Gizem Didem Akçay, 176 Gizem Erkan, 70 Gonca Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu, 63, 129 Göksu Uslular, 32, 63, 129, 136 Gönenç Göçmengil, 120 Graham M. Kent, 78 Gregor Schweppe, 76 Guillermo Turner-Saad, 168 Guldemin Darbas, 132 Gülcan Bozkaya, 101 E E. E. E. E. E. Asouti, 40 Gobet, 40 Ifandi, 84 Moulas, 95 Sandvol, 56 179 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Gülsen Uçarkuş, 78 Gülşah Güler, 111 Gültekin Tarcan, 173 Gülten Polat, 58 Gürsel Yanık, 172 Janne Blichert-Toft, 64 Jennifer Huggett, 49 Jessie Woodbridge, 69 John W. Valley, 64, 154 Jonathan Dean, 69 Jonathan Delph, 57, 58 Jonathan Kaminchik, 64 H K H. Günel, 171 H. Rezeau, 108 Hakan Yiğitbaşioğlu, 69 Halikarnassos, 66 Halil Aydın, 135 Halil Yusufoğlu, 157 Halim Mutlu, 163 Harun Aydın, 173 Hasan Sözbilir, 27, 28, 54, 114 Hatice Karakılçık, 115 Hayati Koç, 160 Huriye Demircan, 90, 155 Hülya Erkoyun, 52 Hüseyin Çaldırak, 169, 170 Hüseyin Karakuş, 172, 173 Hüseyin Kocatürk, 164 Hüseyin Semerci, 147 Hüseyin Sendir, 163, 164 K. Hatzipanagiotou, 84 K. Kadir Eriş, 140 K. Keddadouche, 128 K. Tasli, 35 Kaan Sayit, 34 Kadir Sarıiz, 164 Katerine Harvati-Papatheodorou, 93 Kemal Gürbüz, 136 Kemal Tasli, 79 Kh. Meliksetian, 81 Kh.M. Omar, 96 Klaus Reicherter, 77, 138, 139 Klaus-G. Hinzen, 76 Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou, 147, 148, 154 Koray Sözeri, 130, 167 Kübra Okur, 156 Kürşad Kadir Eriş, 68 I L Iain S. Stewart, 24 Ihsan Kafadar, 137 Iliya Bauchi Danladi, 169, 170 Ilkay Kuşcu, 103, 110 Ioannis Mpalatsas, 147 Ioannis Papanikolaou, 77, 138 Ioannis Rigopoulos, 147 Irena Peytcheva, 31 Ismail Akkaya, 152 Ismail Dinçer, 145 Ismail Hakkı Karamanderesi, 173 Ismail Işıntek, 86 L. Benedetti, 128 L. Nurdan. Güngör, 75 L. Schoenbohm, 56 Lauren Idleman, 63 Laurence Vidal, 67 Levent Gülen, 75 Luca Gasperini, 67 M M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. İ İbrahim Erdal Herece, 130 İbrahim Gündoğan, 130 J J. Pace, 128 J. Tesson, 128 J. van Leeuwen, 40 Jack Mason, 77, 138, 139 Jamie Woodward, 125 Jane Willenbring, 62 180 Alan, 171 Alper Şengül, 152 Arnold, 128 Cemal Göncüoğlu, 34 Chiaradia, 108 Cihat Alçiçek, 44 Cosca, 56 Delli Rocioli, 128 Hatipoğlu, 171 Korhan Erturaç, 92 Meijers, 55, 56 Namık Çağatay, 67, 135, 140 Ovtcharova, 108 Reid, 56 Selman Aydoğan, 103, 164, 165, 166 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey M. Sinan Özeren, 140 M. Tokçaer, 33 M. Yalçin Koca, 83 M.M. Karadağ, 117, 118 M.Y. Savaşçın, 33 Maria Andaloro, 73 Maria Kirchenbaur, 31 Markus Leuenberger, 26 Mary R. Reid, 63 Massimo Chiaradia, 107 Matthew A. Coble, 65 Matthew Jones, 69 Matthieu Ferry, 45 Maud J. M. Meijers, 63 Maud Meijers, 62 Mauro Francesco La Russa, 73 Mehmet Akif Sarikaya, 26, 44 Mehmet Akif Sünnetçioğlu, 113 Mehmet Ali Yücel, 51 Mehmet Çelik, 98 Mehmet Demirbilek, 163, 172 Mehmet Önal, 87 Mehmet Özkul, 158 Mehmet Rıfat Kahyaoğlu, 149 Mehmet Sakınç, 142 Mehmet Utku, 71 Mehmet Yilmaz Savaşçin, 30 Meinert Rahn, 25 Meir Abelson, 154 Meral Kaya, 87 Mert Balamir, 175 Meryem Yeşilot Kaplan, 49 Metin Kahraman, 57, 58, 59 Michael A. Cosca, 63 Michael J. Spicuzza, 64, 154 Michele Lustrino, 30 Mine Alacalı, 114 Mohssen Moazzen, 85 Muhammed Sami Us, 130 Muhittin Görmüş, 130 Muhsin Eren, 48, 49 Murat Camuzcuoğlu, 146, 160 Murat Gül, 80, 132, 136, 146 Murat Hatipoğlu, 74 Murat Özkaptan, 54, 55, 60, 61 Musa Alpaslan, 160 Mustafa Akgün, 71, 72, 150, 151 Mustafa Avcıoğlu, 90 Mustafa Erde Bilir, 110 Mustafa Ergin, 167 Mustafa Kumral, 165 Mustafa Özkan, 107 Mustafa Senkaya, 148 Mustapha Meghraoui, 45, 76 Mutluhan Akın, 145 Mücip Tapan, 145, 152 Mümtaz Çolak, 173 N N. Kaymakci, 56 N. Nur Özyurt, 99 N. Türkelli, 56 N. Yildirim, 35 Naci Orbay, 141 Nail Yıldırım, 53 Naki Akçar, 25, 26, 27, 28, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127 Namık Çağatay, 67, 134, 135, 140, 141, 142 Nasim Mozafari Amiri, 27, 28 Natalia Rovella, 73 Neal W. Driscoll, 78 Neil Roberts, 69 Nergis Önalgil, 48 Nevzat Özgür, 98 Nicola Capuano, 81 Nilay Özeler Kanan, 174 Nilgun Sayil, 148 Nilgün Güleç, 116 Niyazi Türkelli, 57, 58, 59 Nizamettin Kazancı, 133 Noah Keller, 55 Norbert R. Nowaczyk, 141 Nurdan Inan, 53 Nurdan Yavuz, 38, 157 Nuretdin Kaymakci, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62 O O. Gökçen Uğurcan, 102 O. Parlak, 35, 36 Okan Delibaş, 107 Okay Çimen, 34 Onur Toygar, 149 Orkun Türe, 116 Osman Parlak, 53 Oya Pamukçu, 71 Ozan Erdal, 91, 92 Ö Ö. Karaoğlu, 33 Ökmen Sümer, 28 Ömer Elitok, 166 Özcan Yiğit, 106 Özer Akdemir, 71 Özgür Avşar, 144, 169, 174 Özgür Deveci, 155 Özgür Karaoğlu, 30 181 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Özkan Özlem Özlem Özlem Cevdet Özdağ, 71, 72, 150, 151 Bulkan, 134, 135 Makaroğlu, 141 Toygar, 163, 164 S.M. Lyapunov, 81 Sabina Wulf, 67 Sabine Schmidt, 144 Sabuhi Mammadov, 109, 168 Sacit Özer, 79 Samantha Allcock, 69 Samuele Agostini, 30, 154 Sarah J. Boulton, 44, 53 Sascha Schneiderwind, 77, 138, 139 Savaş Topal, 127 Sebahat Ercan, 143 Seda Deniz Kesici, 111 Selahattin Kadir, 48, 49, 52, 166 Selda Durmaz, 149 Selim Kapur, 49 Selver Şentürk, 97 Sena Akçer-Ön, 67, 140, 142, 170 Serdar Akyüz, 175 Serdar Mayda, 92, 158, 176 Serdar Yeşilyurt, 126, 127 Seval Karakütük, 177 Sevcan Kürüm, 30 Shmuel Marco, 76 Sibel Acipinar, 135 Sigurjon Jonsson, 144 Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, 73 Sinan Demirel, 150 Spiros Olivotos, 162 Stephe Kuehn, 46 Stuart N. Thomson, 63 Susan Ivy-Ochs, 25, 27, 28, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127 Susan L. Beck, 57, 58 P P. Dumitrica, 35 P. Tsitsanis,, 84 P. Umhoefer, 56 P. van der Knaap, 40 Paola Pogliani, 73 Paolo Di Giuseppe, 30 Paul J. Umhoefer, 63 Peny Giannakopoulou, 148 Peter Fischer, 138 Peter Kubik, 25, 26 Peter Marchev, 31 Petros Petrounias, 148 Petyo Filipov, 31 Philip Hughes, 125 Pınar Avcı, 99 Piero Manetti, 30 Pierre Henry, 67 Pierre-Olivier Antoine, 91 R R. Kadir Dirik, 113 R. Melkonyan, 108 R. Moritz, 108 R. Tayan, 108 R.V. Veselovsky, 81 Rahmi Pinar, 71 Recep Yavuz Turan, 51 Recharge, 170 Regina Reber, 26 Rıza Özgür Temel, 113 Robab Hajialioghli, 85, 161 Robert Moritz, 104, 107 Roksana Askerova, 47 Rolando Armijo, 78 Roman Kovalev, 76 Ş Ş. Küpeli, 117, 118 Ş. Sinan Demirer, 157 Şakir Şimşek, 173 Şebnem Arslan, 98, 116 Şenol Özyalin, 71, 72 Şerafettin Ateş, 155 Şevket Şen, 91, 92, 130 Şeyda Parlar, 88 S T S. Beck, 56 S. Can Genç, 94 S. Hovakimyan, 108 S. J. Boulton, 43 S. Karipi, 84 S. Kılınçarslan, 171 S. Thomson, 56 S.E. Artyushkov, 81 S.L. Presnyakov, 81 T. Levent Erel, 66 T. Ustaömer, 36 T. Velioğlu, 171 T.P. Ivanova, 81 Tacit Külah, 48 Tamás Mikes, 55 Taner Korkmaz, 80 Tanju Kaya, 176, 177 182 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Taygun Uzelli, 113 Taylan Sançar, 124 Thomas Frühwirt, 83 Thomas Wiatr, 77, 139 Tolga Gönenç, 71, 150 Tolga Görüm, 123 Tolga Necati Yaylım, 169 Tolga Oyman, 102 Tuğba Arife Çalişkan, 98 Tuğbanur Özen, 173 Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan, 68 Turhan Ayyildiz, 121 Tümay Kadakci Koca, 83 Tzahi Golan, 65 V.G. Trifonov, 81 V.P. Lyubin, 81 Vasily Alfimov, 27 Vural Oyan, 145 Vural Yavuz, 26, 122, 126, 127 W Warren Eastwood, 69 Y Ya.I. Trikhunkov, 81 Yaprak Ipek, 71 Yaron Katzir, 64, 65, 154 Yaşar Kibici, 172 Yeşim İslamoğlu, 130 Yusuf Kağan Kadıoğlu, 160 Yusuf Uras, 147 U Uğur Doğan, 126, 127 Uğur Erdem Dokuz, 98 Uğur Teoman, 57, 58 Ulaş Avşar, 116, 144 Ulvi Can Ünlügenç, 37 Umut Barış Ulgen, 141 Utku Bağcı, 160 Z Z. Bora Ön, 66, 140 Zafer Akçiğ, 71 Zafer Gürler, 103 Zagros Orogen, 161 Zehra Karakaş, 121, 167 Zekiye Karacık, 120 Zeynep Ankut, 143 Zeynep Ataselim, 133 Ziyadin Çakır, 78, 97 Ü Ünsal Gemici, 173 V V.A. Lebedev, 81 183 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Keyword Index Archaeoseismology, 76 Arid, 40, 174 Armenia, 81, 108 Arna lherzolites, 95 Arsenic, 50 Asbestos, 52 Asphalt, 147 Ateret, 76 Ates, 174 Authigenesis, 49 Autochthonous, 39, 132 Axios ocean, 84 Ayyubids, 23 Azerbaijan, 47, 109, 168 1 10Be, 25 2 26Al, 25 2d modeling techniques, 150 3 36Cl, 27, 28, 44, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128 B A BAB, 34 Back analysis, 149 Backarc, 84 Bafa lake, 143 Bağbaşı, 118 Balçıkhisar, 86 Balçova, 114 Balikesir, 103, 164, 165, 166 Basal diameter, 129 Basalt, 147 Base-metal, 101 Basin evolution, 78 Bedrock, 71 Bedrock, 72 Biga peninsula, 101 Bio-diversity, 91 Bioerosion, 90 Biostratigraphy, 86, 87, 92 Biostratigraphy, 86 Black desert, 41 Block rotations, 60 Blue flag, 98 Blueschist, 95 Bodrum museum, 74 Bodrum-Datça, 66 Borings, 90 Bovidae, 92, 177 Bronze age, 42 Bulgaria, 31, 104 Burdur basin, 92 Burhaniye, 103 Burial, 63 Büyük Menderes graben, 28 Acid mine lake, 51 Actinolite, 52 Active strike-slip fault and deformation, 96 Active tectonics, 78, 97 Adana, 35, 36, 37, 49, 53, 113, 115, 136, 146, 155 Adcrocuta eximia, 158 Aegean Sea, 32 Aggregates, 147, 148 Aitoloakarnania, 147 Aladağlar, 26, 44 Allochthonous, 132 Alluvial aquifer, 99 Alluvial fan, 44, 113 Aluminium, 50 Alveolin, 156 Ambient noise, 58, 152 Amphibole, 52 Anatolia, 26, 28, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 48, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 75, 82, 86, 87, 92, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 133, 136, 140, 143, 144, 152, 153, 157, 158, 159, 163, 164, 165, 166, 173, 176, 177 Ancient harbours, 138 Ankara, 36, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 90, 107, 113, 114, 116, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 155, 157, 158, 159, 164, 167, 170, 171, 173, 176 Antalya basin, 113 Anthropogenic impacts, 42 Arabian foreland, 35, 37 Arabian plate, 64, 85, 97, 161 Archaeological, 74, 111 184 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey C Cretaceous, 23, 35, 36, 37, 53, 60, 61, 63, 64, 79, 80, 85, 86, 94, 104, 114, 117, 130, 132, 147, 160, 161, 163, 165, 168 Crete, 138, 139 Cristina Persano, 61 Cr-spinel, 95 Crust structure, 153 Crustal assimilation, 31, 120 Crustal structures, 106 Crustal thickness, 57 CTD, 170 Cultural tourism, 111 Cu-Pb-Zn deposits, 164 Cyprus, 23, 36, 58, 65, 76, 113, 147, 150, 154 Cyprus slab, 58 Cyprus Trench, 23 C and O isotopes, 118 Calcrete, 49 Calc-silicate, 102 Calvaria, 93 Cambro-ordovician, 155 Capillary water absorption, 145 Cappadocia, 48, 69, 73 Cappadocian Volcanic Province, 63, 129 Carbonate, 118, 147, 148 Carcinogene, 52 Carian civilization, 74 CAT, 57 Caucasus, 104, 108, 109, 168 Central Anatolia, 38, 44, 48, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 82, 112, 128, 129, 133, 144, 157, 158, 159, 170 Central Anatolian Fault Zone, 57 Central Pirin Batholith, 31 Central Turkey, 60 Chalkidiki ophiolite, 84 Changing coastlines, 66 Chlorite, 95, 103 Chlorite, 95 Chrysotile, 52 Clastic deposits, 39, 155 Clay minerals, 82 Climate, 38, 55, 68, 69, 125, 140, 142, 156, 157 Climate change, 69 Climate cycles, 140 Climatic fluctuations, 45 Clinochlore magnetite, 95 Clinopyroxene, 95 CO2 and radon, 170 Collision, 23, 53, 56, 63, 161 Combined inversion, 148 Concrete aggregates, 148 Confocal raman spectroscopy, 160 Consolidation, 73 Contact metamorphism, 159 Contamination factor, 88 Continental collision, 23, 161 Continental dynamics, 58 Continental margin, 35 Convergent margin, 37 Copper, 106, 109, 168 Core sediment, 68 Correlations, 26 Cosmogenic, 25, 27, 44, 122, 123, 124, 127, 128 Cosmogenic, 28 Cosmogenic dating, 44 Cosmonucleide, 128 Ç Çağlayancerit, 37 Çaltepe, 118 Çankiri basin, 60 Çankiri basin, 60 Çine-submassif, 136 Çorakyerler, 112 D Dağardı melange, 164 Datça peninsula, 66, 167 Dating, 27, 44, 65, 122, 128 DE model, 76 Dead Sea fault, 76 Deckenschotter, 25 Degradation, 73 Delta-facies, 81 Demirköy intrusive body (DIB), 160 Demre plain, 99 Denizli, 39, 59, 74, 93, 101, 149, 153, 173 Desulphurization, 137 Detachment, 154 Develi-Kayseri, 34 Diamondiferous, 162 Diatomite, 89 Diet, 111 Dimension stone, 145 Displacement rate, 44 Doğankuzu Formation, 117 Dolomite, 118 Dynamic amplification factor, 151 Dynamic shear box test, 83 Dynamic triaxial compression test, 83 Dynamic uniaxial compression test, 83 185 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey E Fault parameters, 97 Fault scarps, 77 Faulting, 76, 175 Ferritchromite, 95 Fethiye Burdur Fault Zone, 54 Flow rate, 115, 122 Fluid inclusion, 101, 102 Fluid inclusions, 100 Focal mechanisms, 96 Folding, 175 Foraminifera, 87, 88 FT-IR, 171 Earthquake, 27, 57, 58, 59, 71, 75, 76, 97, 124, 144, 150, 151, 152 Earthquake, 28 Earthquake chronology, 27 Earthquake geology, 76 Earthquake parameters, 75 Earthquake records, 75 Earthquake Resistance Structure Stable, 71 East Anatolian Fault, 56, 57, 68, 97 Eastern Anatolia, 30, 33, 62, 68, 87, 126, 127, 140, 152 Eastern Mediterranean, 23, 25, 26, 28, 43, 45, 65, 66, 96, 113, 126, 135, 150, 157, 167 Eastern Pontides, 104, 107, 110, 120 Ecemis Fault, 44, 159 Education, 111 Eğrigöz Pluton, 102 Eğrikuyu Monogenetic Field, 63 Electrical methods, 115 Embrithopoda, 91 Emet basin, 172 Enclave, 160 Engineering, 26, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 86, 89, 90, 98, 99, 101, 102, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 159, 160, 167, 169, 170, 174 Enrichment factor, 88, 98 Environment, 95, 98, 100, 101, 111, 174 Environmental impact, 137 Eocene, 36, 37, 53, 60, 61, 86, 104, 105, 108, 110, 120, 130, 132, 156, 157, 163, 175 Eocene magmatism, 110, 120 Epithermal, 101, 103, 110 Epithermal mineralization, 110 Equidae, 92 ERT, 77 Escape, 56, 62 Eskisehir, 48, 49, 163, 170 Eskişehir, 52, 70, 164, 166 Exhumation, 63 Existing building, 174 External hellenides, 95 Extinct species, 91 G Garnet, 64, 162 Garnet clinopyroxenite, 64 Gediz, 27, 28, 44, 83, 164, 173 Gediz Graben, 44 Gemologic materials, 74 Gemological research, 74 Genesis, 48, 52 Geoaccumulation Index, 88, 98 Geochemical analysis, 172 Geochemical properties, 141 Geochemistry, 30, 48, 49, 63, 108, 109, 110, 117, 118, 147, 160, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 Geochronology, 108 Geodynamic, 33, 34 Geographic Information System, 51 Geohazard, 78 Geological structure, 150 Geomorphic indices, 128 Geomorphology, 45, 126, 127, 136 Geothermal, 33, 114, 115, 116, 173 Geothermal exploration, 115 Geothermal fluid, 114 Geothermal system, 173 Geothermometer, 173 Geyik Daği Unit, 86 GIS, 106 Glaciation, 125 Glacier, 26, 126 Gold, 95, 103, 106, 109, 162, 163, 168 Gold deposit, 163 Gondwana, 95, 104 GPR, 77, 138, 139 Grain size, 88, 146, 167 Grain size distribution analysis, 146 Granitoids, 136, 161 Granulites, 162 Gravity, 150 Greece, 23, 29, 32, 46, 77, 84, 95, 104, 125, 138, 139, 147, 148, 154, 162, 177 F Fault location, 170 186 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Green opal, 171 Greenland, 26, 67 Groundwater, 99, 122, 128 Groundwater budget, 99 Groundwater calcretes, 128 GSI, 146 Gulf of Güllük, 88 Gülbahçe, 113, 114 Gülbahçe, 113 Gülbahçe Fault Zone, 113, 114 Gypsum, 82, 131 Gyttja, 122 Istanbul zone, 175 Iti ophiolite, 84 İ İstanbul, 42, 142, 143 J Jet, 171 Jordan, 40, 41, 45, 76 K H Kahramanmaraş, 132, 136, 146 Karacaören-Ürgüp, 89 Karadere, 103 Katrangediği, 117 Kaymaz, 163 Kılçak, 157 Knidos, 66 Kocabaş, 93 Kos Plateau tuff, 32 Kozaklı, 121 Kozan-Feke, 155 Köyceğiz, 132, 144 Köyceğiz Lake, 144 Kucukcekmece lagoon, 141 Kula, 165 Kuşçular-Urla Fault Zone, 113 Küçükçekmece lagoon, 142 Kütahya, 87, 98, 102, 164, 172, 173 Hadim, 118 Halikarnassos, 66 Hanging wall architecture, 77 Harbors, 66 Haymana basin, 60, 61 Health, 98 Heat flow, 106 Heating-cooling systems, 174 Heavy Minerals, 167 Hellenic Trench, 23 Heterogeneity, 146 High salinity, 114 Historical data, 142 Historical environment, 111 Holocene, 26, 27, 28, 32, 38, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 67, 68, 69, 96, 125, 134, 140, 141, 143 Homo erectus, 93 Honaz fault, 127 HVSR, 152 Hyaenidae, 158 Hydraulic properties, 169 Hydrocarbons, 100 Hydrogeochemistry, 50, 51 Hydrothermal alteration, 114, 166 Hydrothermal fields, 115 L Lacustrine deposits, 89 Lacustrine sediments, 55, 133, 135 LA-ICP-MS, 101 Lake Bafa, 134, 135, 143 Lake Hazar, 68, 140 Lake Salda, 169, 170 Lake Sapanca, 75 Lake sediments, 69, 143 Lake Suğla, 133 Lake Van, 126, 140 Land use, 42, 99 Land use change, 99 Landslide, 122, 149 Lapseki-Çanakkale, 90 Large mammal, 92 Late Cretaceous, 35, 36, 53, 60, 61, 63, 85, 86, 94, 104, 160 Late Glacial, 69 Late Holocene, 26, 69, 96, 134, 143 I I- and S- type granitoids, 161 Ignimbirite, 121 Ignimbrite, 73 Inegöl-Bursa, 164 InSAR, 97 Integration, 174 Iran, 85, 104, 158, 161 Iron, 50, 69, 76, 102 Isotope, 30, 67, 69, 70, 114, 118, 157, 174 Isotope analysis, 157 Israel, 64, 65, 76, 154 187 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Late Miocene, 37, 53, 82, 112, 121, 133, 158, 176, 177 Late Miocene/Pliocene, 82 Late Neolithic, 41 Late Oligocene, 62, 157 Late Pleistocene, 38, 40, 67, 68, 126, 127, 140 Late Pleistocene-Holocene, 38, 68 Late Triassic, 35 Latest Paleogene-Neogene, 55 Levant, 40, 42, 64, 65 Lidar, 139 Lignite, 112, 122 Limassol Forest, 154 Limestone, 117, 147 Limit equilibrium method, 149 Liquefaction potential, 146 Little ice age, 142 Liwa aquifer, 169 Low velocity zone, 57 Lower Kura basin, 47 Low-Sulfidation, 103 Metallogeny, 100, 106 Metals, 100 Methana, 29 Microcontinents, 36 Microfacies, 79, 80 Microgravity, 150 Microtremor, 71, 148, 150, 151, 152 Mid-Late Paleozoic, 34 Migmatites, 159 Milankovitch cycles, 140 Milas museum, 74 Mineral exploration, 106 Mineral magnetic properties, 141 Mineral prospectivity mapping, 106 Mineral water, 116, 174 Mineralization, 101, 103, 106, 109, 164 Mineralogy, 48, 49, 77, 95, 102, 109, 138, 164 Miocene, 23, 37, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 62, 73, 82, 85, 87, 91, 92, 104, 105, 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 130, 132, 133, 136, 146, 157, 158, 166, 173, 175, 176, 177 Mn1, 157 Modeling, 42, 47, 97, 173 Moho offset, 59 Monogenetic volcano, 63 Montenegro, 125 MOR, 85 MSCL, 75, 134, 143 MSPAC, 72, 150 Mt. Carmel, 64 Mudstone, 48 Muğla, 32, 38, 63, 66, 74, 88, 111, 116, 128, 129, 132, 136, 137, 143, 174, 176 Muğla (SW Turkey), 132, 174 Multi-electrode resistivity, 115 Multiproxy, 40, 142 Muratdağı ophiolite, 166 Museum/Open-air Museum, 111 MVT, 100 M Maastrichtian, 35, 37, 53, 79, 80, 86 Magma, 33 Magmatic complex, 160 Magmatism, 30, 31, 64, 65, 107, 108, 110, 120 Magnetostratigraphy, 55 Malatya Basin, 80 Mammal Biostratigraphy, 92 Mammalian faunas, 176 Manganese mineralisation, 165 Manisa Fault Zone, 27 Mantle peridotites, 95 Marble, 137 Marble mud, 137 Marine notch, 43 Marl, 83 Marmara Sea, 78 Mass flow unit, 75 Massimo Chiaradia, 107 MASW, 72, 148 Medeival warm period, 142 Mediterranean, 23, 25, 26, 28, 43, 45, 46, 62, 65, 66, 67, 77, 85, 92, 96, 113, 125, 126, 135, 150, 157, 167 Melts impregnation, 84 Menderes Metamorphic Massif, 136 Mersin, 35, 48, 49, 53, 113, 146, 160 Mesothelioma, 52 Messinian, 49, 62, 113 Mesta Volcanic Complex, 31 N Natural History, 111 Natural history conservation, 111 Natural turkish carbon black, 171 Neogene, 30, 49, 56, 57, 58, 61, 83, 92, 129, 132, 133, 172, 173, 176, 177 Neogene volcanism, 57, 58 Neotectonic, 39, 113 Neo-tethys, 161 Neo-Tethys, 161 Neuman, 169 Ni-laterite, 164, 166 188 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Normal fault, 28, 77, 139 Normal fault scarp, 27 Normal faulting, 44 North Anatolian Fault, 23, 45, 75, 78, 92, 124 North Anatolian Ophiolitic Melange, 94 Phylogeny, 91 Physicomechanical properties, 147 Pindos Ocean, 84 Piranshahr, 85 Placers, 167 Planktonic foraminifera, 86 Plateau formation, 55 Plateau uplift, 62 Pleistocene, 28, 38, 40, 41, 49, 67, 68, 69, 81, 92, 93, 113, 125, 126, 127, 131, 133, 140 Pleistocene-Holocene, 28, 38, 40, 68 Pollen, 40, 157 Pollution, 98 Pontides, 61, 104, 107, 110, 120, 156 Porphyry, 104, 107, 108 Power-law, 129 Precipitation, 41, 45 Probosidean, 176 Provenance, 117 Pumping test, 169 O Ocean water serpentinization, 95 Oceanic Core Complex, 154 Oil and gas, 47 Oltu-stone, 171 Ophiolite, 36, 48, 84, 85, 154 Ophiolitic rocks, 35, 37, 148 Organic matter preservation, 135 Orthopyroxene, 162 Ostracods, 132 Oysters, 90 P Q P and S waves, 152 Palaeobiogeography, 91 Palaeoclimatology, 87 Palaeoecology, 91, 111 Palaeotethys, 95 Paleocirculation, 26 Paleoclimate, 26, 42, 66, 67, 70, 126, 127, 140, 143 Paleo-climate, 68 Paleoecology, 93, 111, 176 Paleoenvironment, 40, 55, 79, 89 Paleomagnetism, 54, 60 Paleontology, 86 Paleoseismology, 144 Paleoseismology, 77 Paleosol, 38, 82, 128 Paleosol-dolocrete, 82 Paleostress analysis, 113 Paleostress inversion, 54 Palygorskite, 49, 82, 121 Palynology, 157 Partial melting, 154 Particle size analyses, 134 Passive seismic deployment, 58 Pastoralism, 41 Pedogenesis, 49 Peloponnesus ultramafic, 95 Peri-adriatic basin, 81 Peridotite, 166 Peridotites, 84 Periodicity, 140 Petrography, 63, 109, 160 Petrology, 30, 94, 95, 117, 160 Quaternary, 25, 26, 29, 32, 38, 39, 44, 47, 49, 77, 81, 92, 93, 96, 122, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 152, 172, 173 R Radiolarite-chert, 165 Radiolarites, 35 Rainy, 174 Rare earth elements, 117, 163 Receiver function, 57, 59 Recent sediments, 134 Recharge, 170 REE, 34, 64, 95, 117, 118, 128, 154, 160 REE+Y, 118 Relative tectonic activity, 128 Remediation, 149 Remi, 148 Replication, 69 Rhinocerotidae, 111 Rifting, 35, 65 River drainage, 62 River long profiles, 44 Rodentia, 92 S Safranbolu formation, 156 Salt tectonics, 113 Sanandaj-Sirjan, 161 Sandstone, 83, 146 189 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Scaling, 173 Scenario earthquake, 151 Scoria cone, 129 Scoria cone volcano, 63 SE Aegean Sea, 46 SE Anatolia, 37 SE Turkey, 30, 35, 36, 53, 97, 136, 147 Sea of Marmara, 67, 78, 141 Sea water, 98 Seafloor, 29, 32 Sea-floor sediments, 88 Sediment parameters, 75 Sediment records, 142 Sedimentary rock masses, 146 Sedimentology, 46, 79, 133 Sediments, 35, 38, 82, 88, 134, 135, 141, 144, 167 Seismic deployment, 57 Seismic gap, 76 Seismicity, 28, 96, 153, 170 Self-organized critical, 129 Serpentine, 52, 154 Signal processing, 152 Silver, 98, 103 Silver mine, 98 Sivrice earthquake, 97 Size effect, 145 Skarn, 102, 164 Skarn deposits, 164 Slip deficit, 76 Slip rate, 44, 45, 77 Slip velocity, 76 Slope stability, 149 Smectite, 48, 121 Social organization, 42 Soft sediment deformation, 144 Soil, 49, 71, 72, 98, 146, 150, 151, 152, 170 Soil pollution, 98 Soil response spectrum, 71 Soil Transfer Function, 72 Soil-structure interaction, 152 Southern Levant, 40 Spil Mountain, 79 Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, 31 SSZ, 36, 84, 85 Stable, 70, 87, 116, 142, 174 Stable isotope, 70, 116, 174 Stable isotope geochemistry, 55 Stadia, 66 Strain partitioning, 78 Stratification, 169 Stratigraphy, 46, 79, 80, 81 Strike-slip fault, 54, 96 Strobilos, 66 Structural evolution, 175 Structural-geologic modelling, 47 Subcontinental, 95 Subduction, 36, 56, 85, 94, 120 Subharmonic cycles, 140 Surface exposure dating, 28, 123, 124, 126, 127 Surface heat flow modeling, 173 Surface water, 98 Surface water contamination, 98 Suture zones, 36 Suturing, 53 SW Turkey, 39, 54, 116, 123, 132, 137, 167, 174, 176 Systematics, 91 T Tahar member, 121 Tarsus Plain, 146 Taurides, 34, 44, 55, 62, 98, 107, 117, 118, 123, 136, 155 Taurus, 26, 122, 123, 126, 155 Taylan Sançar, 124 Tectonic, 30, 33, 43, 45, 53, 76, 127, 128, 170 Tectonic evolution, 58 Tectonic geomorphology, 43, 76, 128 Tectonic-sedimentary development, 53 Tephra, 32, 46, 67 Terrace, 122 Terrestrial deposition, 131 Tertiary, 25, 30, 104, 108, 130, 131, 133, 157, 161 Tethyan Metallogenic Belt, 106 Tethyan-Eurasian Metallogenic Belt, 107 Thermal power plant, 137 Thermal water, 173, 174 Thermo-chronometric, 61 Thermocline, 169 Thermometry, 162 Thrace Basin, 157 Thrust belt, 37 Thrust system, 63 Topography, 170 Topsoil, 41 Trace fossils, 90, 155 Transitional-mildly-alkaline, 63 Travertine, 172 Tremolite, 52 Trenching, 139 Troodos, 36, 150, 154 Tsunami, 138 Tsunami deposits, 138 Tufa, 39 190 The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey Turbostratic carbon, 171 Turkey, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 Turolian, 111, 176, 177 Tuzgölü basin, 60, 82 Vs30, 71 Vulnerability, 71 W Water chemistry, 135 Water quality, 50 Wavelet transform, 152 Weathering, 48, 82, 136 West Kos Basin, 32 Western Anatolia, 28, 33, 59, 86, 113, 164, 165, 166, 170, 173 Western Pontides, 156 Western Turkey, 27, 44, 52, 105, 114, 164, 165 Wetlands, 40 Whole rock geochemical data, 120 X U Xenoliths, 64 X-RAY Radiography, 134 Ultrapotassic, 94 Unconfined aquifer, 169 United Arab Emirates, 169 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, 51 Urla, 113 Uşak, 164, 166 Y Yatağan Basin, 176 Yelini Cave, 70 Yenicekent, 173 Yeniceoba-Cihanbeyli, 131 Yüksekova-Hakkari, 152 V Variations of historical seismicity and paleoseismicity, 96 Varve, 144 Vegetation, 157 Veria ophiolite, 154 Vezirler melange, 165 Volcanic activity, 29 Volcanic arc, 160 Volcanic glass, 121 Volcanism, 30, 34, 66 Volkaniclastic, 32 Vp/Vs ratio, 57 Z Zagros Orogen, 161 Zircon, 65 Zoogeography, 177 Δ δ11B, 154 δ18O, 154 191 ATMs
