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eLTE 2.3 DBS3900 Optional Feature Description Issue 03 Date 2013-11-28 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China Website: http://www.huawei.com Email: [email protected] Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i eLTE 2.2 DBS3900 Optional Optional Feature Description About This Document About This Document Change History Draft B Date Author Description 2013-08-28 Hua wenjian(em ployee ID: 00051326) This issue is a draft. 2013-09-13 Hua wenjian(em ployee ID: 00051326) 删除 TDLOFD-003022， PPoE 特性， 因为 eLTE2.2 中不配套 Micro，而此特性仅仅适用于 Micro。 因此删除。 2013-09-30 Hua wenjian(em ployee ID: 00051326) 删除 V-MIMO 特性对 Control Channel IRC 的依 赖关系 2013-10-12 Hua wenjian 经过与 eRAN MO 许楠确认，TDLOFD-001066 （employee 的限制说明中：“Once the parameter ID: CellUlschAlgo.UlHoppingType = 00051326） ‘Hopping_OFF’, UL CoMP will be disabled.”改 为“Once the parameter CellUlschAlgo.UlHoppingType = ‘Hopping_OFF’, UL CoMP will be enabled.” 2013-11-28 Hua wenjian(000 51326);Yan g Binhe(1235 26) 20131026 企业无线 CCB 决策：在 TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO 特性中增 加约束关系：This feature is only applicable to Non-GBR bears. 2014-02-10 Ouyangfan/ 00149383 This draft is based on eLTE2.2 Optional Feature Description Draft Add new features: TDLOFD-070222 Scheduling Based on Max Bit Rate TDLOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius TDLOFD-00301402 Access Control List (ACL) autogeneration Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii eLTE 2.2 DBS3900 Optional Optional Feature Description About This Document Date Author Description TDLOFD-070215 Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii eLTE 2.2 DBS3900 Optional Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Contents About This Document .................................................................................................................... ii 1 Radio & Performance ................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 LTE 2 Antenna ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 TDLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO .......................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 TDLOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4 ................................................................................... 7 1.2 LTE 4 Antenna ................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2.1 TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming ................................................................................ 8 1.2.2 TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity .............................................................................. 9 1.2.3 TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO................................................................................................. 10 1.5 Interference Handling ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.5.1 TDLOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining .................................................................... 11 1.5.2 TDLOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC ............................................................................................... 12 1.6 QoS................................................................................................................................................................. 13 1.6.1 TDLOFD-001026 Optional uplink-downlink subframe configuration ................................................. 13 1.6.2 TDLOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling .............................................................................................. 14 1.6.3 TDLOFD-070222 Scheduling Based on Max Bit Rate ......................................................................... 19 1.6.4 TDLOFD-001028 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE) .................................................................................... 19 1.6.5 TDLOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM) ........................................................................ 20 1.6.6 TDLOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control .................................................................................. 21 1.6.7 TDLOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering ............................................................................................. 22 1.6.8 TDLOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID ........................................................................... 24 1.6.9 TDLOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling ............................................................................... 24 1.6.10 TDLOFD-001076 CPRI Compression ................................................................................................ 25 1.7 High Speed Mobility ...................................................................................................................................... 26 1.7.1 TDLOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility ............................................................................................... 26 1.7.2 TDLOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility ...................................................................................... 27 2 Networking & Transmission & Security ................................................................................ 29 2.1 Transmission & Synchronization ................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.1 TDLOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management ............................................................. 29 2.1.2 TDLOFD-003018 IP Active Performance Measurement ...................................................................... 31 2.1.3 TDLOFD-001134 Virtual Routing & Forwarding ................................................................................ 34 2.2 Security .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4 eLTE 2.2 DBS3900 Optional Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance 2.2.1 TDLOFD-001010 Security Mechanism ................................................................................................ 35 2.2.2 TDLOFD-003009 IPsec ........................................................................................................................ 36 2.2.3 TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) .............................................................................. 38 2.2.4 TDLOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall .................................................................................................. 39 2.2.5 TDLOFD-003015 Access Control based on 802.1x.............................................................................. 41 2.3 Reliability ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1 TDLOFD-001018 S1-flex ..................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.2 TDLOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection ........................................................................ 44 2.3.3 TDLOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) ............................................................ 45 3 O&M .............................................................................................................................................. 47 3.1 SON Self-Optimization .................................................................................................................................. 47 3.1.1 TDLOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing ....................................................................................... 47 3.1.2 TDLOFD-001123 Enhanced Intra-LTE Load Balancing ...................................................................... 48 3.1.3 TDLOFD-070215 Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing ................................................................ 49 3.1.4 TDLOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO) .................................................................... 50 3.2 SON Self-Healing .......................................................................................................................................... 51 3.2.1 TDLOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection .......................................................................................... 51 3.3 Power Saving ................................................................................................................................................. 52 3.3.1 TDLOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown ........................................................................... 52 3.3.2 TDLOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode.............................................................................. 53 3.3.3 TDLOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring ............................................................................. 53 3.3.4 TDLOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage ........................................ 54 3.3.5 TDLOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode .................................................................................... 55 3.3.6 TDLOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving ............................................................................................. 56 3.3.7 TDLOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management .............................................................................. 57 3.4 Antenna Management ..................................................................................................................................... 59 3.4.1 TDLOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control ................................................................................ 59 Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance 1 Radio & Performance 1.1 LTE 2 Antenna 1.1.1 TDLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary Huawei LTE TDD eRAN1.0 supports DL 2x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), 2-antenna transmit diversity, and adaptive MIMO schemes between UEs and eNodeBs, improving system downlink performance. Benefits This feature significantly improves downlink system throughput and coverage performance and also provides good user experience by offering higher data rates. Description The downlink 2x2 MIMO is critical to the LTE outperforming the legacy system. Both space diversity and spatial multiplexing are supported as defined in LTE specifications. Huawei eNodeBs support two DL 2x2 MIMO modes: Transmit diversity Open-loop spatial multiplexing If two transmit antennas are configured for the eNodeB, the eNodeB adaptively selects one of the two modes based on the UE rate and downlink channel quality. Transmit diversity is a solution to mitigate signal fading and interference. By providing several signal branches that present independently varying signal levels, the robustness of the radio link creates a low probability that all signal copies are simultaneously in deep fading. Spatial multiplexing is a technique to transmit independent and separately encoded data signals, known as streams, from each of the transmit antennas that results in the space dimension being reused, or multiplexed. If the transmitter is equipped with Ntx antennas and the receiver has Nrx Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance antennas, the maximum spatial multiplexing order is Ns = min (Ntx, Nrx). If the spatial channels are independent of each other (that is, Ns different data streams are transmitted over several independent spatial channels), it leads to an Ns increase of the spectrum efficiency or capacity. Enhancement None Dependencies The eNodeB must be configured with two transmit channels and two antennas per sector, and the UE must be configured with a minimum of two antennas for receiving. 1.1.2 TDLOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4 Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary An eNodeB must obtain the signaled UE radio access capability parameters when configuring and scheduling the UE. There are five categories defined in the protocol. When this feature is enabled, eNodeBs support UE categories 2, 3, and 4. Benefits eNodeBs support UE categories 2, 3, and 4. Description The following table lists the downlink physical layer parameter values in the ue-Category field. UE Category Maximum Number of DL-SCH Transport Block Bits Received Within a TTI Maximum Number of Bits of a DL-SCH Transport Block Received Within a TTI Total Number of Soft Channel Bits Maximum Number of Supported Layers for DL Spatial Multiplexing Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1 Category 2 51024 51024 1237248 2 Category 3 102048 75376 1237248 2 Category 4 150752 75376 1827072 2 The following table lists the uplink physical layer parameter values in the ue-Category field. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance UE Category Maximum Number of Bits of an UL-SCH Transport Block Transmitted Within a TTI Support for UL 64QAM Category 1 5160 No Category 2 25456 No Category 3 51024 No Category 4 51024 No The following table lists the total layer-2 buffer sizes in the ue-Category field. UE Category Total Layer-2 Buffer Size (Kbytes) Category 1 150 Category 2 700 Category 3 1400 Category 4 1900 Enhancement None Dependencies UEs must support the same category as eNodeBs. 1.2 LTE 4 Antenna 1.2.1 TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary This feature provides good user experience by offering higher data rates. Benefits This feature can significantly improve the system throughput (especially for CEUs) and coverage performance in the uplink and downlink. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Description The classical technique of using an antenna array for transmitting energy in the direction of the intended receiver falls into the category of improving SINR. Beamforming achieves increased SINR by adjusting the phase of signals transmitted on different antennas with the aim of making the signals add-up constructively on the receiver. Huawei LTE TDD eRAN2.1 provides support on DL 8x2 and DL 4x2 Beamforming. Enhancement None Dependencies The eNodeB must be configured with a minimum of four antennas for transmission. This feature cannot be used in the LampSite solution. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs UEs must support transmission mode 7 (TM7) for single streaming beamforming, which is defined in 3GPP Release 8 specifications. This feature cannot work when the eNodeB bandwidth is 5 MHz. This feature cannot be used with the following features: TDLOFD-001031 Extended CP TDLOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility TDLOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility . 1.2.2 TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary Receive diversity is a common type of multiple-antenna technology to improve signal reception and to mitigate signal fading and interference. It improves network capacity and data rates. In addition to UL 2-antenna receive diversity, Huawei eNodeBs also support 4-antenna receive diversity. Benefits This feature improves uplink coverage and throughput. Description Receive diversity is a technique to mitigate signal fading and interference. Multiple frequencies may be monitored from the same signal source or the same frequency may be monitored from multiple antennas. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 9 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Receive diversity is a way to enhance uplink channel reception, including the PUSCH, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical random access channel (PRACH), and sounding reference signal (SRS). Huawei eNodeBs can work with or without RX diversity. In RX diversity mode, Huawei eNodeBs in LTE TDD eRAN2.1 can be configured with 4 antennas (4-way) by setting the antenna magnitude in addition to UL 2-antenna receive diversity. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature requires eNodeBs to provide enough RF channels and demodulation resources to match the number of diversity antennas. This feature cannot be used in the LampSite solution. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature cannot work when the bandwidth of the eNodeB equipped with the LBBPc is 5 MHz. 1.2.3 TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.2. Summary Huawei LTE TDD eRAN2.2 supports UL 2x4 MU-MIMO between UEs and eNodeBs to improve system uplink performance. A maximum of UEs can share the same time-frequency resources to multiplex these resources. Benefits This feature improves the overall cell uplink throughput by allowing two users to transmit data using the same time-frequency resources. Description If four receive antennas are configured for an eNodeB, the eNodeB adaptively selects between UL 2x4 MU-MIMO and UL 4-antenna receive diversity. The eNodeB measures the UE uplink channel SINR and channel orthogonality with another UE. If the UE has adequate channel quality indicator (CQI) and channel orthogonality with the other UE, 2x4 MU-MIMO is used. Otherwise, 4-antenna receive diversity is used. UL 2x4 MU-MIMO is only used for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 10 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, UL 2x4 MU-MIMO can be used with uplink-downlink subframe configuration type 0. Dependencies This feature requires an eNodeB to provide four RX channels and four antennas per sector. This feature cannot be used in the LampSite solution. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature is only applicable to Non-GBR bears. This feature requires the following features: TDLOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity When the LBBPc is configured, this feature cannot be used with the following features: TDLOFD-001075 SFN TDLOFD-002008 Adaptive SFN/SDMA TDLOFD-001098 Inter-BBP SFN TDLOFD-001080 Inter-BBU SFN TDLOFD-001081 Inter-BBP Adaptive SFN/SDMA TDLOFD-001082 Inter-BBU Adaptive SFN/SDMA 1.5 Interference Handling 1.5.1 TDLOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary In addition to DL and UL inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), Huawei LTE TDD eRAN1.0 provides interference rejection combining (IRC) to effectively mitigate inter-cell interference. Benefits This feature improves system performance in the presence of interference. Therefore, enhanced network coverage and better service quality are provided for CEUs. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 11 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Description IRC is a receive-antenna combining technique to effectively mitigate inter-cell interference. IRC is often used together with receive diversity. In theory, IRC can be used for MIMO decoding, and it is particularly effective for colored interference. The main advantage of IRC is that it can outperform maximum ratio combining (MRC) in terms of signal demodulation in the presence of interference or congestion. Enhancement None Dependencies eNodeBs must be configured with two or more receive antennas. 1.5.2 TDLOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0. Summary This feature prevents the PUCCH from being affected by inter-cell interference. Benefits This feature enhances interference resistance for uplink control channels and improves control channel coverage. Description IRC combines signals on the PUCCH received by multiple antennas. Compared with MRC, IRC performs better on colored interference mitigation. eNodeBs support adaptive switching between IRC and MRC for PUCCHs. When there is colored interference, eNodeBs select IRC. In other cases, eNodeBs select MRC. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature requires one of the following features: TDLBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 12 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance TDLOFD-001062 UL 8-Antenna Receive Diversity eNodeBs must be configured with two or more receive antennas and the LBBPd is required. 1.6 QoS 1.6.1 TDLOFD-001026 Optional uplink-downlink subframe configuration TDLOFD-00102601 uplink-downlink subframe configuration type 0 Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.1. Summary eNodeBs support different uplink-downlink subframe configurations. Benefits This feature allows operators to flexibly configure the uplink-downlink subframe ratio based on different service requirements. Description eNodeBs support different uplink-downlink subframe configurations specified in 3GPP TS 36.211. Type 0: The ratio of uplink subframe to downlink subframe is 3:1. When this configuration is used, the throughput of uplink traffic is larger than downlink traffic, such as in video surveillance. The following figure shows uplink-downlink subframe configuration type 0. In the preceding figure, D denotes the subframe reserved for downlink transmissions, U denotes the subframe reserved for uplink transmissions, and S denotes a special subframe that consists of the downlink pilot timeslot (DwPTS), guard period (GP), and uplink pilot timeslot (UpPTS). Enhancement None Dependencies None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 13 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance TDLOFD-00102602 uplink-downlink special subframe configuration type 4 Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary eNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths). Benefits This feature allows operators to flexibly configure special subframe configurations according to application scenarios, such as a different cell radius. Description eNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths) specified in 3GPP TS 36.211. Type 4: The length ratio of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 12:1:1 when eNodeBs use normal cyclic prefix (CP). The length ratio of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 3:7:1 when eNodeBs use extended CP. The following two tables list special subframe configuration type 4. Special Subframe Configuration Normal CP DwPTS GP UpPTS 4 26336 Ts 2192 Ts 2192 Ts Special Subframe Configuration Extended CP DwPTS GP UpPTS 4 7680 Ts 17920 Ts 2560 Ts Enhancement None Dependencies None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance TDLOFD-00102603 uplink-downlink special subframe configuration type 5 Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary eNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths). Benefits This feature allows operators to flexibly configure special subframe configurations according to application scenarios, such as a different cell radius. Description eNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths) specified in 3GPP TS 36.211. Type 5: The length ratio of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 3:9:2 when eNodeBs use normal CP. The length ratio of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 8:2:2 when eNodeBs use extended CP. The following two tables list special subframe configuration type 5. Special Subframe Configuration Normal CP DwPTS GP UpPTS 5 6592 Ts 19744 Ts 4384 Ts Special Subframe Configuration Extended CP DwPTS GP UpPTS 5 20480 Ts 5120 Ts 5120 Ts Enhancement None Dependencies None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance TDLOFD-00102604 uplink-downlink special subframe configuration type 6 Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0. Summary eNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths). Benefits This feature allows operators to flexibly configure special subframe configurations according to application scenarios, such as a different cell radius. Description eNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths) specified in 3GPP TS 36.211. Type 6: The length ratio of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 9:3:2 when eNodeBs adopt normal CP. The length ratio of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 9:1:2 when eNodeBs adopt extended CP. The following two tables list special subframe configuration type 6. Special Subframe Configuration Normal CP DwPTS GP UpPTS 6 19760 Ts 6576 Ts 4384 Ts Special Subframe Configuration Extended CP DwPTS GP UpPTS 6 23040 Ts 2560 Ts 5120 Ts Enhancement None Dependencies The RRU3702, RRU3232, and RRU3233 do not support this feature. This feature does not apply to micro eNodeBs. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 16 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance 1.6.2 TDLOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling TDLOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature enhances the conventional AMC scheme by introducing downlink CQI adjustment. It provides additional performance gains. Benefits This feature brings the following benefits: Effectively compensates for inaccurate CQI measurement and makes the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection more accurate by using a closed-loop mechanism. Improves system capacity by selecting an accurate MCS. Allows an adaptive CQI measurement in different scenarios and therefore improves system capacity. Description Under the conventional AMC scheme, the eNodeB chooses an MCS for a UE based on the reported CQI. As a result, the MCS will mainly change according to the reported CQI. However, the UE measurement error and channel fading affects the accuracy of the reported CQI to some extent. MCS selection based on an inaccurate CQI will cause a failure to reach the block error rate (BLER) target in DL transmission. The conventional AMC scheme does not have a closed-loop feedback mechanism to guarantee that the actual BLER reaches the BLER target. The CQI adjustment scheme introduces a closed-loop mechanism to compensate for CQI measurement errors. When an eNodeB selects the MCS for DL transmission, in addition to the CQI and transmit power, the eNodeB also considers the difference between the target BLER and the actual BLER. Note that the actual BLER is calculated based on the closed-loop ACK/NACK that the eNodeB received in DL transmission. In addition, the closed-loop mechanism used in the CQI adjustment scheme allows the eNodeB to instruct a UE to change the BLER target for CQI reporting, which can maximize system throughput. Enhancement None Dependencies None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 17 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance TDLOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature achieves efficient resource utilization. The fairness between different UEs is also considered in the function. The dynamic scheduling algorithm is mainly used for guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR services. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Achieves efficient resource utilization. Achieves an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS. Description This feature achieves efficient resource utilization on a shared channel. In an LTE system, the scheduler allocates resources to the UEs every 1 ms or every one TTI. The scheduling algorithm must achieve a balanced tradeoff between priority differentiation among different services and fairness among users. The UL scheduler uses the token bucket algorithm to control GBR and non-GBR service rates. The proportional fair (PF) algorithm is the basic strategy to ensure scheduling priorities (based on the QCI) among different services. High priorities are assigned to IMS signaling and GBR services. When the congestion indicator from the load control algorithm is received, the scheduler may reduce the guaranteed data rate for GBR services. The scheduler may also consider the input from UL ICIC to reduce interference. QCI is short for QoS class identifier. The DL scheduler uses an enhanced scheduling strategy. For GBR services, priorities are calculated based on user channel quality and service packet delay. For non-GBR services, in addition to user channel quality, the scheduled service throughput is also considered for calculating the priority. The enhanced DL scheduler can guarantee an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS guarantee. Like the UL scheduler, the DL scheduler also considers DL ICIC input to reduce inter-cell interference. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, when the Uu resources of a cell are congested, there is a possibility that non-GBR services cannot be granted resources because non-GBR services have a lower priority than GBR services. To address this issue, this feature allows a preset proportion of resources to be reserved for non-GBR services, which ensures that there are always resources for downlink non-GBR services. Dependencies None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 18 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance 1.6.3 TDLOFD-070222 Scheduling Based on Max Bit Rate Availability This feature is introduced in eRAN7.0. Summary This feature enables eNodeBs to adjust scheduling weights based on aggregate maximum bit rates (AMBRs) or maximum bit rates (MBRs) so that differentiated services can be provided for subscribers. Benefits Operators can provide differentiated services for subscribers. Description For wireless broadband service packages, information about the AMBRs for non-GBR bearers is stored in the policy and charging rules function (PCRF) or home subscriber server (HSS), and information about the MBRs of GBR bearers is stored in the PCRF. When a UE accesses the network, the PCRF or HSS notifies the eNodeB of the AMBR and MBR configured for the UE. Then, the eNodeB adjusts uplink and downlink scheduling weights for the UE based on the received AMBR and MBR information. This ensures that the UEs configured with high AMBRs and MBRs are allocated high bandwidths. Enhancement None Dependencies None 1.6.4 TDLOFD-001028 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE) Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary A series of enhanced Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) functions adaptive to RAN link characteristics are implemented in the eNodeB. This feature greatly improves the performance of the TCP protocol (derived from the wired network) in the wireless network, therefore enhancing user experience and system efficiency. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 19 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Mitigates the negative impact of some factors (such as RAN packet loss) on TCP data transmission performance. Accelerates slow startup and fast retransmission of the server during data transmission. Greatly improves TCP transmission performance. Description The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol is used worldwide. It was initially developed for wired transmission and later used in wireless networks. However, wireless networks exhibit some characteristics quite different from the wired network. To mitigate this effect, a number of enhancements have been implemented in the eNodeB. The TPE functionality, implemented in the eNodeB, improves data transmission performance in the wireless network. The TPE processes the TCP/IP packets by adopting the following TCP performance optimization technologies: ACK splitting The congestion window is updated according to the number of received ACK messages and is expanded by increasing the number of ACK messages. When slow startup occurs, ACK splitting can quickly recover the congestion window. When the sender is in congestion avoidance mode, ACK splitting can accelerate expansion of the congestion window. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, this feature is enhanced by introducing the uplink ACK control function to prevent bursts of ACKs. In an LTE system, fluctuations over the air interface are inevitable. To ensure correct uplink data transmission, HARQ or automatic repeat request (ARQ) is performed in the uplink to ensure correct data transmission. According to 3GPP specifications for LTE, packets at the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer must be transmitted in sequence. However, the HARQ/ARQ transmission takes at least 8 ms, which may delay the in-sequence transmission of packets. If the transmission is delayed, the packets to be transmitted are buffered, and then burst. For downlink TCP services, ACK packets may also burst. As a result, downlink TCP services burst as well, causing packet loss if the buffer of the transmission equipment is limited. The ACK control function manages the uplink ACK traffic to prevent bursts of ACKs. If the number of ACKs exceeds a threshold, the remaining ACKs are buffered for transmission in the next transmission period. As a result, the ACK control function prevents bursts of downlink data, reduces the packet loss rate, and increases average throughput. Dependencies None 1.6.5 TDLOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM) Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 20 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Summary This feature provides an optimized buffer handling method to positively interact with the TCP protocol and shorten the buffering delay. Benefits This feature decreases the delay of interactive services and improves user experience. Description In an interactive connection, the packet data to be transmitted is typically characterized by large variations. To address this issue, the buffer is introduced. However, if the buffer is filled or an overflow occurs, data packet loss will result. Currently, TCP is the main transport layer protocol used on the Internet. Packet loss is regarded as link congestion by TCP, and TCP will correspondingly reduce the data transmission rate. The TCP protocol is also sensitive to round trip delay and will act differently if just one packet is lost or if a burst of packets is lost. If a large number of packets are discarded, it may take considerable time for the data rate to increase again, leading to low radio link utilization and causing long delays for users. In addition, if a user is performing concurrent services (such as FTP download and web browsing), the file download as a dominant stream fills the buffers, leading to a long delay for web browsing. This feature can be disabled or enabled. Enhancement None Dependencies None 1.6.6 TDLOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control TDLOFD-00102901 Radio/transport Resource Pre-emption Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary This feature enables service differentiation when the network is congested to provide better services for high-priority users. Benefits This feature provides operators with a method to differentiate users according to priorities. High-priority users can still obtain system resources in cases of resource limitation. In this way, operators can provide better service to those high-priority users. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 21 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Description Pre-emption is a function related to admission control and is the method for differentiating services. It enables operators to provide different services by setting different priorities, which affect the service setup success rate during the service setup procedure. If there are not enough resources and a new service is not admitted to access the network, high-priority users have more chances to access the network than low-priority users, and the resources of low-priority users are pre-empted. Priority information is obtained from the E-RAB-specific QoS parameters, including the allocation/retention priority (ARP), in the ERAB SETUP REQUEST message. The eNodeB assigns user priority based on ARP values. E-RAB is short for E-UTRAN radio access bearer. Pre-emption is performed if service admission fails due to lack of resources, including S1 transmission resources and radio resources (for example, admission based on the QoS satisfaction rate fails). The attributes of Pre-emption Capability and Pre-emption Vulnerability indicate the capability of pre-empting resources of other services and vulnerability to pre-emption by other services, respectively. Pre-emption is not triggered for a signaling radio bearer (SRB) if resource allocation for SRB fails. Emergency call (for example, E911) service has top priority, and therefore always has pre-emption capability. In general, common services cannot pre-empt the resources for SRBs, emergency calls, or IMS signaling. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, this feature allows resource pre-emption when the number of UEs that have accessed cells reaches the maximum number of UEs supported by an eNodeB. With this enhancement, high-priority services and services that must be guaranteed according to local laws and regulations can pre-empt the resources of common services. An eNodeB allows RRC connections to be established for all UEs that initially access the network. During E-RAB setup, the eNodeB enables high-priority services and emergency calls to pre-empt the resources of common services. The eNodeB selects high-priority services and emergency calls based on ARP values, and selects common services, whose resources are to be pre-empted, in the following sequence: non-GBR services on unsynchronized UEs, non-GBR services on synchronized UEs, and low-priority GBR services. Dependencies This feature requires the core network to bring the ARP IE to eNodeB during E-RAB assignment procedure so that the eNodeB can obtain service priorities with those E-RAB parameters. 1.6.7 TDLOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering TDLOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.0. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 22 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Summary This feature helps operators control UE mobility to enable it camp in, be redirected to, or be handed over to a suitable cell. The priorities for cell selection are predefined and configured on the eNodeB by using the subscriber profile ID for RAT/frequency priority (SPID). Benefits Operators can enable users to camp in, be redirected to, or be handed over to a suitable LTE, UMTS, or GSM cell or frequency based on service characteristics. For a data centric subscriber, an LTE cell is more suitable than a UMTS cell or a GSM cell; for a voice centric subscriber, a GSM cell or a UMTS cell is more suitable than an LTE cell. Description The SPID is an index of user information (such as the mobility profile and service usage profile). The information is UE-specific and applies to all its radio bearers. The eNodeB maps this index to locally defined configuration to apply specific radio resource management (RRM) policies (such as defining priorities in RRC_IDLE mode and controlling inter-RAT or inter-frequency redirection or handover in RRC_CONNECTED mode). In RRC_IDLE mode, a UE can camp in a cell with a suitable RAT or frequency. In RRC_CONNECTED mode, when load balance or overload control triggers an inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover or redirection, the eNodeB selects a suitable target cell based on the priorities indexed by its SPID. In addition, when the UE completes a service, the eNodeB can release it to a suitable cell according to its SPID priority. In case of overload, UEs without SPIDs can also be redirected to a suitable cell based on common priority and overload information. Therefore, an operator can enable a user to camp in, be redirected to, or be handed over to a suitable cell according to its subscription. For example, a dongle user usually stays in an LTE high frequency band for a high service rate; a VoIP user preferentially stays in an LTE low frequency band to guarantee continuous coverage. Enhancement None Dependencies The cell reselection policy for UEs requires TDLBFD-00201803 Cell Selection and Re-selection. The load-based handover policy for UEs requires the following features: TDLOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing TDLOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN TDLOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN UE HPLMN switch policy depends on either of the following features: TDLBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency TDLOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN The SAE must support the SPID configuration. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 23 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance The GSM/UMTS network must support this function to prevent ping-pong handovers. 1.6.8 TDLOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.0. Summary Operators can configure a suitable SPID on the core network for each UE. When a UE accesses the network, its SPID is transmitted to the eNodeB. Based on the SPID, the eNodeB enables or disables the UL pre-allocation for the UE. Benefits Operators can assign different UL pre-allocation capabilities for different UEs. UL pre-allocation is used for light-loaded cells to decrease the latency for a certain UE. Description The SPID is an index of user information (such as the mobility profile and service usage profile). The information is UE-specific and applies to all its radio bearers. The eNodeB maps this index to locally defined configuration to apply specific RRM policies. The UL pre-allocation functionality allocates PUSCH RBs to a UE in a light-loaded cell even if the sending buffer of the UE is empty. This feature allows the UE to quickly obtain the transmission chance and accelerates the ACK of a DL RRC signaling message. UL pre-allocation decreases UE transmission delay but increases UE power consumption. Operators can modify related parameters to achieve an optimal tradeoff between transmission delay and power consumption. Enhancement None Dependencies The SAE must support the SPID configuration. 1.6.9 TDLOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0. Summary This feature introduces delay control and bundles downlink packets before transmission. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 24 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Reduces PDCCH overhead and increases PDCCH capacity. Meets the delay requirements of best effort (BE) services and increases the eNodeB throughput when both GBR and non-GBR services are in use. Description This feature primarily introduces delay control for BE services. When the network load is light and resources for control and traffic channels are sufficient, the eNodeB does not perform delay-based downlink packet bundling. If the packet delay increases with the network load, the eNodeB bundles downlink packets to reduce PDCCH overhead to improve BE service quality. The eNodeB also increases throughput when users are performing both GBR and non-GBR services. Enhancement None Dependencies None 1.6.10 TDLOFD-001076 CPRI Compression Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0. Summary This feature reduces the common public radio interface (CPRI) bandwidth required by a cell. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Increases the number of RRUs that can be cascaded on a CPRI port. Decreases the number of optical fibers. Reduces eNodeB installation and reconstruction costs. Description This feature decreases CPRI bandwidth resources required by a cell. More RRUs can be cascaded on a CPRI port without changing the CPRI line rate, cell bandwidth, or number of antennas for the cell. This reduces eNodeB installation and reconstruction costs. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 25 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance When this feature is enabled, the CPRI data on the LBBPd and LBBPc decreases to about 50% and 60% of the original CPRI data, respectively. The extent of reduction is determined by the processing capabilities of the two boards. Enhancement None Dependencies RRU323x and RRU3702 cannot support this feature. The LBBPc cannot support this feature. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature cannot be used with TDLOFD-001031 Extended CP. This feature cannot work when the eNodeB bandwidth is 5 or 10MHz. 1.7 High Speed Mobility 1.7.1 TDLOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature allows eNodeBs to provide services for UEs moving at up to 208 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 79 km/h (Band 42/43) with good performance. High-speed access is one of the key features in Huawei SingleRAN LTE solutions to provide high-speed coverage. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Allows Huawei LTE systems to provide good coverage for UEs moving at up to 120 km/h. Provides seamless coverage in a high-speed scenario. Description This feature enables Huawei LTE systems to operate and perform well in high-speed scenarios. When a UE moves at high speeds, the fast fading effect on the LTE system becomes severe. It is more difficult to achieve the same performance at high-speeds as compared to normal speeds. Huawei LTE TDD eRAN1.0 supports UE velocity up to 208 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 79 km/h (Band 42/43), which covers most mobility scenarios in urban areas. The eNodeB must measure the UE mobility speed and refine the channel estimation scheme accordingly. In addition, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism are adaptively adjusted by the Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 26 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance radio resource management (RRM) function to meet high-speed performance requirements. For example, frequency diversity mode is more suitable than frequency-selective scheduling, as is transmit diversity rather than spatial multiplexing for a UE at high speeds. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, eNodeBs can work in 4T4R mode. Dependencies eNodeBs must work in 4T4R or 2T2R mode. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature cannot be used with the following features: TDLOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001061 Dual Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001077 MU-Beamforming 1.7.2 TDLOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature allows eNodeBs to provide services for UEs moving at up to 450 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 332 km/h (Band 42/43) with good performance. High-speed access is one of the key features in Huawei SingleRAN LTE solutions to provide high-speed coverage. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Allows Huawei LTE systems to operate in any high-speed scenario and provide good coverage for UEs moving at up to 450 km/h. Provides seamless coverage in a high-speed scenario. Description This feature enables Huawei LTE systems to support UEs with almost any mobility profile at up to 450 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 332 km/h (Band 42/43) in any scenario and deliver good performance. When a UE moves at high speeds, the fast fading effect on the LTE system becomes severe. In this case, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism are adaptively adjusted to meet ultra-high-speed performance requirements. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, eNodeBs can work in 4T4R mode. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 27 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance Dependencies eNodeBs must work in 4T4R or 2T2R mode. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature cannot be used with the following features: TDLOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001061 Dual Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001077 MU-Beamforming This feature cannot work when the eNodeB bandwidth is 5 MHz. The LBBPc cannot support this feature. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 28 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Networking & Transmission & Security 2.1 Transmission & Synchronization 2.1.1 TDLOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management TDLOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature allows the admission of more users while guaranteeing QoS by using the following mechanisms: Enhanced admission control mechanism: Transport Admission Control (TAC). QoS mechanisms: traffic shaping and congestion control. Benefits This feature increases the number of admitted users. Description The implementation of this feature requires the following mechanisms: TAC: Allows the bandwidth for user admission control to be larger than the bandwidth of the physical port. By using this mechanism, operators can set the admission threshold to allow the admission of more users. Traffic shaping: Guarantees that the total available traffic bandwidth is not larger than the total configured bandwidth. The minimum transmission bandwidth of each resource group supported by eNodeB is 64 kbit/s for dual rate and 32 kbit/s for single rate. The bandwidth granularity is 1 kbit/s. Congestion control: Detects congestion. If congestion is detected, a signal is sent to the data source indicating congestion and then selected low-priority packets are discarded. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 29 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Enhancement None Dependencies The core network must support this feature because SAE uses the TAC over the S1 interface. TDLOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature enhances the following mechanisms: Admission control: TAC. Queue scheduling: priority queue (PQ) scheduling and WRR scheduling. Back-pressure flow control. Benefits This feature provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing equitable distribution of bandwidth. Description Transmission differentiated flow control provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing equitable distribution of bandwidth. Equitable distribution of bandwidth: Each admitted user can be allocated some bandwidth. Differentiation: High-priority users take precedence over low-priority users. The implementation of this feature requires the following mechanisms: TAC: In case of GBR services, the bandwidth allocated to services is computed based on the GBR. Otherwise, it is computed based on the default reserved bandwidth (for example, non-GBR services). Queue scheduling: Services enter PQ and WRR queues based on service priorities. Services that enter the PQ queues have the highest scheduling priority, and services that enter the WRR queues are scheduled according to the weight, which is computed based on the service bandwidth. Each service has a weight and then an opportunity to be scheduled. Back-pressure flow control: Detects congestion on the S1 interface. If congestion is detected, a signal is sent to the data source indicating congestion and then selected low-priority packets are discarded. Enhancement None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 30 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Dependencies None TDLOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature rapidly enhances transmission stability when transmission resources are unexpectedly overloaded. Benefits This feature provides protection for the system when transmission resources are unexpectedly overloaded. Description There are two scenarios of unexpected overload: The transport bearer bandwidth (the bandwidth available in the system) is greatly increased or decreased. For example, the transmission bandwidth decreases from 20 Mbit/s to 10 Mbit/s because of network failure. The traffic bandwidth (the bandwidth used in the system) is greatly increased or decreased. For example, the traffic bandwidth rapidly increases from 5 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s. In either of the preceding scenarios, actions such as releasing low-priority users must be taken to guarantee QoS for high-priority users. The actions to be taken depend on the ARP, which defines whether a user can be released when transmission resources are overloaded. Enhancement None Dependencies None 2.1.2 TDLOFD-003018 IP Active Performance Measurement Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.1. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 31 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Summary The IP active performance measurement feature complies with the IETF IP PM standards, RFC2678, RFC2680, RFC2681, RFC3393, and the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) in RFC5357. IP transmission performance can be detected between an eNodeB and a device that complies with RFC5357 (TWAMP), for example, between an eNodeB and a CN, between an eNodeB and a transmission device (for example, a router), and between an eNodeB and a test device. This feature implements the following functions: Network performance monitoring When the transmission rate is unstable and the transmission bandwidth dynamically changes, this function can detect the transport network's quality of service (QoS) so operators can quickly locate network problems and take corrective measures, such as capacity expansion and network optimization. Transmission fault diagnosis − Quickly locates and isolates transmission faults, such as a high packet loss rate or a long delay, using TWAMP. − Troubleshoots a transport network on a per segment basis by measuring round-trip network performance between an eNodeB and a transmission device (such as an intermediate router that supports TWAMP), therefore facilitating network maintainability and reducing maintenance costs. TWAMP testing uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet injection, which generates traffic on the transport network and therefore occupies some bandwidth. For example, if 80-byte packets are continuously sent at a rate of 10 packets per second in a test stream, the bandwidth consumption is 6.4 kbit/s. Benefits This feature offers the following benefits: Helps operators quickly locate and rectify faults on networks. Facilitates network maintainability and reduces maintenance costs. Description Based on the TWAMP protocol, this feature monitors the QoS of the transport network, such as the packet loss rate, round-trip delay, and jitter. The TWAMP architecture is composed of four logical parts: Session-Sender, Session-Reflector, Control-Client, and Server. TWAMP measurement includes testing and negotiation. Testing is conducted between the Session-Sender and Session-Reflector based on the UDP protocol. The Session-Sender and Session-Reflector function as TWAMP test hosts and exchange UDP packets for testing. The Session-Sender sends test packets to the Session-Reflector and the Session-Reflector responds to the test packets. Negotiation is conducted between the Control-Client and Server using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packets on port 862. The Control-Client and Server exchange TCP packets to manage measurement tasks, for example, to initialize, start, and stop the tasks. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 32 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security The Session-Sender actively inserts test packets for the Session-Reflector's response. The inserted test packets contain the same Session-Sender IP address, Session-Reflector IP address, UDP port number, and Type-P, and are transmitted in a fixed stream. The Type-P descriptor can be the protocol type, port number, packet length, or DSCP value. TWAMP actively inserts test packets on test links and calculates the packet loss rate, delay, and delay variation, and round-trip delay based on fields contained in the test packets. The Session-Sender and Session-Reflector exchange test packets as follows: 1. The Session-Sender includes sequence numbers and timestamp T1 in the test packets and sends them to the Session-Reflector. 2. The Session-Reflector records timestamp T2 upon receiving the test packets from the Session-Sender. The Session-Reflector copies the packet sequence numbers and timestamp T1 extracted from the received packets into the corresponding reflected packets, which are then sent to the Session-Sender. The corresponding reflected packets also include the Session-Reflector's transmit sequence numbers and timestamp T3. 3. The Session-Sender records timestamp T4 upon receiving the response packets from the Session-Reflector and then calculates the number of received packets This feature supports unauthenticated mode, authenticated mode, or encrypted mode. T1 Sender Test Packets T2 Reflector Test Packets T4 T3 This feature uses the following formulas to calculate the packet loss rate and the round-trip delay: Packet loss rate in a measurement period = Number of lost packets/Number of transmitted packets The number of lost packets is calculated based on the numbers of packets transmitted and received by the Session-Sender and those transmitted by the Session-Reflector. Round-trip delay = (T2 - T1) + (T4 - T3) = (T4 - T1) - (T3 - T2) This feature calculates the packet delay variation based on the delays of two adjacent packets. Enhancement None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 33 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Dependencies This feature does not apply to micro eNodeBs. This feature requires the UMPT. The peer devices and CN must support the TWAMP protocol. 2.1.3 TDLOFD-001134 Virtual Routing & Forwarding Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0. Summary This feature allows eNodeBs to connect to different operator networks that may be configured with the same internal IP addresses. Benefits This feature greatly reduces the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and OPEX of operators. Description In a wholesale scenario, an eNodeB connects to each retailer's network, for which the retailer operator has deployed the NEs and independently planned internal IP addresses. When different operator networks are configured with the same internal IP address, this feature allows an eNodeB to connect to the networks. The eNodeB prevents the destination IP address of each route from conflicting with others and independently forwards packets in each routing area. In this way, this feature prevents IP address conflicts between networks without changing the internal IP addresses. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs The EPC and transmission network must support virtual local area networks (VLANs). This feature cannot support the UTRPc. This feature cannot be used with the following features: TDLOFD-003004 Ethernet OAM TDLOFD-003005 OM Channel Backup TDLOFD-003006 IP Route Backup TDLOFD-003009 IPsec TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 34 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security TDLOFD-003012 IP Performance Monitoring TDLOFD-00301302 IEEE1588 V2 Clock Synchronization TDLOFD-003017 S1 and X2 over IPv6 TDLOFD-003019 IPsec Tunnel Backup TDLOFD-003024 IPsec for IPv6 2.2 Security 2.2.1 TDLOFD-001010 Security Mechanism TDLOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature provides confidentiality protection for both signaling and user data between eNodeBs and UEs. Benefits This feature prevents signaling data and user data from being illegally intercepted and modified. Description The eNodeB provides encryption for RRC signaling and user data. The encryption function consists of ciphering and deciphering and is performed at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. After receiving the UE context from the EPC, the eNodeB initiates the initial security activation procedure. During RRC connection setup, an encryption algorithm is selected and an encryption key is generated based on the RRC protocol. All radio bearers use the encryption algorithm and key. For example, the configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying user data. The encryption algorithm can be changed by a handover. The encryption key can be changed by a handover or RRC connection setup. The encryption keys for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode may be changed by a handover procedure. LTE TDD eRAN1.0 supports the AES encryption algorithm. Enhancement None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 35 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Dependencies UEs must support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB. TDLOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature provides confidentiality protection for both signaling and user data between eNodeBs and UEs. Benefits This feature prevents signaling data and user data from being illegally intercepted and modified. Description The eNodeB provides encryption for RRC signaling and user data. The encryption function consists of ciphering and deciphering and is performed at the PDCP layer. After receiving the UE context from the EPC, the eNodeB initiates the initial security activation procedure. During RRC connection setup, an encryption algorithm is selected and an encryption key is generated based on the RRC protocol. All radio bearers use the encryption algorithm and key. For example, the configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying user data. The encryption algorithm can be changed by a handover. The encryption key can be changed by a handover or RRC connection setup. The encryption keys for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode may be changed by a handover procedure. LTE TDD eRAN1.1 supports the encryption algorithm SNOW3G with 128 bit keys. Enhancement None Dependencies UEs must support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB. 2.2.2 TDLOFD-003009 IPsec Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 36 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Summary IPsec is used to protect, authenticate, and encrypt data flow for necessary security between two NEs at the IP layer. Benefits This feature provides the security mechanism, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication between two NEs at the IP layer. Description Figure 2-1 illustrates IPsec. Figure 2-1 IPsec IPsec provides a framework of open standards dealing with data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication between two NEs. IPsec provides these security services at the IP layer. It uses IKEV1 and IKEV2 for negotiation of protocols and algorithms based on the local policy and to generate the encryption and authentication keys used by IPsec. IKE stands for Internet Key Exchange. IPsec protects one or more data flows between two eNodeBs, between the eNodeB and S-GW or MME, or between the SeGW and eNodeB. The key characteristics of IPsec are as follows: Two encapsulation modes: transport mode and channel mode Two security protocols: AH and ESP Main encryption methods: NULL, DES, 3DES, and AES Main integrity protection methods: HMAC_SHA-1 and HMAC_MD5 Enhancement None Dependencies The SeGW must be deployed. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 37 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security 2.2.3 TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary PKI provides digital certificate authentication, which is applied to IPsec tunnels between the eNodeB and SeGW, and SSL channels between the eNodeB and OMC. Benefits This feature improves network security. Description PKI is a framework to manage digital certificates, which are used to provide authentication between two NEs. Digital certificate management involves creating, storing, distributing, and revoking certificates, and distributing the certificate revocation list (CRL). In general, a PKI system includes the Certificate Authority (CA), Certificate Repository (CR), CRL server, and users to be authenticated. The eNodeB and SeGW are users of the PKI system. The eNodeB interacts with the CA, CR and CRL server with assistance from the M2000. The eNodeB supports the certificate reserved prior to delivery. The certificate format complies with X.509 V3. After the eNodeB is working properly, it supports certificate replacement. Figure 2-2 shows an illustration of the eRAN certificate application scenario. Figure 2-2 eRAN certificate application scenario In LTE TDD eRAN2.0, the eNodeB can update digital certificates automatically on the M2000. In LTE TDD eRAN2.1, this feature is enhanced to support automatic certificate distribution using CMPv2. When CMPv2 is introduced to establish a direct tunnel from the eNodeB to the Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 38 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security CA, certificate enrollment and update can be automatically performed, and eNodeB certificate issuing and update are more efficient if a large number of eNodeBs have been deployed. The Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is an Internet protocol used for X.509 digital certificate creation and management in PKI. An eNodeB can utilize CMP to obtain certificates from the CA. This procedure involves the following CMP message: 1. initial registration/certification 2. key pair update 3. certificate update The CMP message cross-certification request helps a CA to obtain a certificate signed by another CA. CMP messages are encapsulated in HTTP/HTTPs messages for transmission. Enhancement None Dependencies Peer devices must support this feature. 2.2.4 TDLOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall TDLOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL) Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary ACL is comprised of a series of access control rules. eNodeBs perform packet filtering based on the ACL. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Helps protect eNodeBs from some attacks. Helps eNodeBs identify specific types of packets, which must be encrypted and authenticated by IPsec. Description The system operates based on the rules in ACL. By using the ACL, an eNodeB performs packet filtering according to packet attributes such as source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, source port numbers and destination port Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 39 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security numbers. Packet filtering can also be performed based on the type of service (TOS), DSCP, and address wildcard. By using the ACL, operators can select data flows that must be encrypted and authenticated by IPsec, which is applied to guarantee data flow security. In eRAN3.0, the layer-2 filter implements ACL. At layer 2, ACL rules will filter packages by VLAN IDs. The eNodeB can identify the VLAN IDs of the packages, and only packages with the correct VLAN ID will be allowed. In eRAN3.0, eNodeBs support IPsec for IPv6 on the data flows selected based on the ACL. Enhancement None Dependencies None TDLOFD-00301402 Access Control List (ACL) Auto Configuration Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN7.0. Summary This feature automatically creates access control list (ACL) rules for operation and maintenance (O&M) data, service data, signaling data, data from the Certificate Authority (CA), data from the security gateway (SeGW), and clock data. The automatic ACL rule creation simplifies whitelist configuration for the packet filtering function. Benefits This feature reduces the complexity of configuring the packet filtering function. Description This feature works as follows: Enables the eNodeB to obtain the IP address and port number of the peer NE from the O&M link, service link, signaling link, CA, SeGW, and clock objects. Using the IP address and port number, this feature automatically creates ACL rules for the data of these objects. These automatically created ACL rules can ensure that the eNodeB provides basic services. Updates related ACL rules when information about these objects changes. When an O&M function is enabled at the peer end, not at the local end, the eNodeB cannot obtain the IP address of a maintenance packet. To ensure information security, ACL rules for maintenance data must be manually created, even if an O&M function is enabled at both ends. Enhancement None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 40 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Dependencies Dependency on the hardware of a base station controller None Dependency on eNodeB hardware None Dependency on the UE None Dependency on other NEs None Dependency on the CN None Dependency on other eRAN features None 2.2.5 TDLOFD-003015 Access Control based on 802.1x Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary eNodeBs support authentication on the transmission network using IEEE 802.1x (Port-Based Network Access Control). Authentication is performed based on the device certificate. Benefits This feature provides digital certificate authentication between the eNodeB and LAN switch, improving network security. Description IEEE 802.1x (Port-Based Network Access Control) uses the physical access characteristics of IEEE 802 LAN infrastructures to provide a method of authenticating and authorizing devices attached to a LAN port that has point-to-point connection characteristics. IEEE 802.1x also prevents access to that port if the authentication and authorization process fails. IEEE802.1x authentication and authorization use the framework of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), and are performed for the eNodeB, LAN switch, and AAA server (RADIUS server). Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 41 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Figure 2-3 eRAN 802.1x application scenario Before the authentication and authorization process is complete, only Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPoL) packets can cross the LAN switch. All other packets will be discarded by the LAN switch. Enhancement None Dependencies Peer devices must support IEEE 802.1x. This feature requires TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 2.3 Reliability 2.3.1 TDLOFD-001018 S1-flex Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary This feature is part of the MME pool solution, which must be supported by both the eNodeB and the MME. It allows an eNodeB to connect to multiple MMEs simultaneously. In LTE TDD eRAN2.0, Huawei eNodeBs support a maximum of 16 S1 interfaces. One S1 interface can be connected to one or more MMEs. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Increased S1 interface flexibility. Increases overall usage of the MME pool capacity. Improves the performance of load sharing across MMEs in a pool. Prevents unnecessary EPC signaling when the UE moves within the MME pool area. The served MME of the UE does not change. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 42 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Description Figure 2-4 illustrates the topology between MME pools and eNodeBs. Figure 2-4 Topology between MME pools and eNodeBs POOL1 MME 1 eNB 1 MME 2 eNB 2 POOL2 MME 3 eNB 3 MME 4 eNB 4 POOL Area 1 MME 5 eNB 5 eNB 6 POOL Area 2 When an eNodeB connects to an MME pool, the eNodeB must determine which MME in the pool will receive UE signaling: If the UE sends the MME information in an RRC signaling message, the eNodeB will select the MME based on this information. If the UE does not send the MME information or the registered MME is not connected to the eNodeB, the eNodeB will select an MME in one of the following ways: − Topology-based MME pool selection The MME is selected based on the network topology to reduce the possibility of MME switching during mobility. − Load-based MME selection The MME is selected based on its capacity and load. The eNodeB can be informed of MME capacity during S1 setup. When an MME is overloaded, the eNodeB will limit new UE assignments to the MME according to overload action information, which the MME sends to the eNodeB when overload starts. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, the priority-based MME selection method is added. When MMEs or the S1 interfaces to MMEs are assigned different priorities, the MME with the highest priority is preferentially selected. If multiple MMEs have the highest priority, the MME with the lowest load among them is preferentially selected. An MME with a low priority is selected only when all high-priority MMEs are faulty or overloaded. Dependencies The MME must support the MME pool function. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 43 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security 2.3.2 TDLOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary BFD (BFD) is a bidirectional-detecting mechanism used to detect faults on IP routes. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Detects network faults. Achieves reliability and high availability of Ethernet services and helps the service provider to provide economical and efficient advanced Ethernet services. Description BFD is a method for IP connectivity failure detection that periodically transmits BFD packets between two nodes. When no BFD packets are received during the detection interval, failure is declared and related recovery actions will be triggered, such as IP routes, to prevent service drops. BFD can quickly detect the failure, making it useful for telecom services on IP networks. eNodeBs support two BFD types: One-hop BFD There is only one router on the IP path between two NEs. One-hop BFD is used to detect gateway availability when a router is used. Multi-hop BFD There is at least one router on the IP path between two NEs. Multi-hop BFD is used to detect the connectivity between two NEs, for example, between two eNodeBs, between the eNodeB and S-GW or MME, and between the eNodeB and transport equipment. Figure 2-5 illustrates one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios. Figure 2-5 One-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 44 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Enhancement None Dependencies Peer devices must support BFD when BFD is used to detect faults on IP routes. Ethernet interfaces are used. 2.3.3 TDLOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.0. Summary This feature binds several Ethernet links to one logical link. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Enhances the reliability of Ethernet links between eNodeBs and transport equipment. Balances load on Ethernet links between the eNodeB and transport equipment and increases the link bandwidth. Description Ethernet link aggregation is a protocol defined in IEEE 802.3ad. IEEE 802.3ad defines the link aggregation control protocol (LACP) used to detect link status in a link group. The eNodeB supports static LACP, with parameters of a link group configured manually. Fault detecting also uses the LACP. Figure 2-6 illustrates Ethernet link aggregation. Figure 2-6 Ethernet link aggregation Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 45 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security Enhancement None Dependencies This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs The transport equipment directly connected to eNodeBs must support this feature. Ethernet interfaces are used. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 46 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M 3 O&M 3.1 SON Self-Optimization 3.1.1 TDLOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary This feature balances load between the serving cell and the inter-frequency neighboring cells. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Utilizes the network resource efficiently. Improves system capacity. Reduces the possibility of system overload. Improves the access success rate. Description In a commercial LTE network, some serving cells have high load but the load of neighboring cells is low because of service differentiation. To resolve this problem, the eNodeB uses the load balancing algorithm. The serving cell measures the cell load and receives the neighboring cell load at the same time. The serving cell evaluates the load and determines whether to perform a handover to a neighboring cell. If the serving cell load is very high and exceeds a specific threshold but the neighboring cell load is low, some UEs are handed over to neighboring cells in advance. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 47 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M The cell load is defined as the PRB utilization rate. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.314. There is only one type of inter-frequency load balancing: active load balancing. The active load balancing procedure includes the following steps: load measurement and evaluation, load information exchanges, and load balance decision. In an LTE system, load balancing applies when coverage is overlapped by multiple inter-frequency LTE cells. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, eNodeBs dynamically balance load between sectors based on the load difference between these sectors. The load difference can be configured. Dependencies None. 3.1.2 TDLOFD-001123 Enhanced Intra-LTE Load Balancing Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.1. Summary It can resolve the unbalance between the service cell and the inter-frequency neighbor cells in the same eNodeB. Benefits It can utilize the network resource fully and improve the UE throughput by balancing the load between the neighbor cells. Description In some situation of commercial LTE network, UEs in some serving cells have poor throughput but other UEs in neighbor cells have high throughput because of the differentiation of UE Number in cell. Under this condition, it can trigger enhanced load balancing algorithm. The serving cell measures the cell Ue Number and receives the neighboring cell's Ue number at the same time. The serving cell evaluates the Ue number difference and decides whether to perform a handover to neighboring cell. If the serving cell Ue number is higher than the neighboring cell's Ue number, some UEs begin to be handed over to neighboring cell in advance. Selecting proper UE to handover, the overlap range difference of serving cell and neighboring cell is considering, it is prior to selecting central UE to handover to small range neighbor cell, and it is prior to selecting marginal UE to handover to big range neighbor cell. The load balancing procedure includes the following steps: load measurement and evaluation, load information exchanges, load balance decision, exection of measurement and handover. Enhanced Intra-LTE load balancing is used in the scenario of coverage overlapped between multiple multiple inter-frequency LTE cells. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 48 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Enhancement None. Dependencies The serving cell and inter-frequency cell must deployed in the same eNodeB for enhanced load balancing. 3.1.3 TDLOFD-070215 Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing Availability This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN7.0 Summary This feature resolves user number load imbalances between cells and frequencies. Benefits This feature achieves better utilization of network resources and balance user number to reduce the probability of burst traffic. Description Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing contains connected mode and idle mode .It is recommended in commercial LTE networks with multiple LTE frequencies where one frequency has a higher user number but other frequencies have lower user number. For connected mode, serving cell measures its own cell user number, if the number exceeds a preset threshold, the serving cell will send handover request to the neighboring cells which shall acknowledge or reject handover judged by their own user number load. For idle mode, users in normal RRC release procedure can be released to different frequency on configured proportion, by using Dedicated Priority within RRC Connection Release message. This function can precisely distribute idle users to different frequency as operators wish. Especially, if we set the proportion of micro frequency to 100% highest priority, idle users in micro coverage will only camp on micro’s frequency, which is called Fast Discovery of Micro, it is quite meaningful to the scenario of absorbing users and traffic volume by micro site. Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing is used in scenarios where inter-frequency LTE cells have highly overlapping coverage. Enhancement None Dependency An X2 interface is required to support for connected mode in this feature. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 49 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M 3.1.4 TDLOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO) Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.0. Summary MRO optimizes typical mobility control parameter settings to prevent ping-pong handovers, premature handovers, and delayed handovers. Benefits This feature simplifies network maintenance and reduces labor cost in typical and common mobility optimization scenarios. Description During MRO, the cell individual offset (CIO) mainly needs to be adjusted. The CIO explicitly declares the handover threshold between signal quality measurement results from the source and target cells. Therefore, adjusting the CIO will significantly speed up or delay handovers. Both premature and delayed handovers are captured at the source eNodeB because the source eNodeB is informed of delayed handovers that have been prepared by the UE context release mechanism. Only outgoing handover failures are captured. There is no need to capture incoming handovers. During handover preparation, the source eNodeB sends UE history information to the target eNodeB, which helps to reduce ping-pong handovers. When the UE History Information is received, the target eNodeB identifies the ping-pong handover if the GCI of the second newest cell is equal to that of the target cell and the duration that the UE camps in the source cell is shorter than a ping-pong time threshold. To prevent ping-pong handover, decrease the CIO value. Huawei LTE TDD eNodeBs support intra-frequency Mobility Robust Optimization. The following administration functions are also supported: Switch: Provided to enable or disable the MRO feature. Log: records the key event during the SON process. Operators can use log information to perform queries, collect statistics, and analyze the feature running process and key event. Enhancement In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, UE-level MRO against ping-pong handovers is introduced. The eNodeB identifies ping-pong UEs and sends corresponding UE-level MRO parameters to these UEs. This type of MRO reduces the number of ping-pong handovers, reduces UE resource usage, and improves UE quality of experience (QoE). The UE-level MRO algorithm is independent of the cell-level MRO algorithm. They are controlled by different switches. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 50 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Dependencies None 3.2 SON Self-Healing 3.2.1 TDLOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary Antenna system and radio frequency (RF) channel faults are caused by the following: Incorrect project installation during creation, relocation, or optimization. Natural or external changes. This feature detects faults on LTE antennas and allows users to detect and locate antenna faults. In addition, this feature does not require additional instruments for measuring eNodeBs at the site. Benefits This feature improves the efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis and reduces project cost. Description The antenna system plays an important role in mobile communications. The performance of the entire network is affected by the following problems: Inappropriate type or location of the antenna system Incorrectly configured parameters of the antenna system Faulty antenna system This feature allows eNodeBs to detect the following faults and report related alarms: Weak received signal Imbalance of received signals between the main and the diversity Abnormal voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) Enhancement None Dependencies None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 51 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M 3.3 Power Saving 3.3.1 TDLOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary In MIMO mode, the carrier for a cell is transferred through different transmission channels. When no data is transmitted in the cell, the carrier can be switched off on part of the transmission channels. In this way, the power consumption of the eNodeB without data transmission is decreased. When data is to be transmitted in the cell, the carrier can be switched on automatically to have the cell work normally again. Benefits This feature reduces eNodeB power consumption. Description In the LTE system, an eNodeB is usually configured with two or four antennas. The traffic in the cell varies by time and operators can customize periods accordingly. In certain periods, for example, from midnight to the early morning hours, no data is transmitted. When the eNodeB detects an idle state, it switches off the carrier on one transmission channel (if there are two transmission channels) or on two transmission channels (if there are four transmission channels) to decrease power consumption. When a UE accesses the cell or the period ends, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carrier that has been switched off. The cell then recovers and continues with services. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature requires the following features: TDLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE This feature cannot work when the eNodeB bandwidth is 5 MHz. This feature cannot be used with the following features: TDLOFD-001075 SFN TDLOFD-002008 Adaptive SFN/SDMA TDLOFD-001098 Inter-BBP SFN TDLOFD-001080 Inter-BBU SFN TDLOFD-001081 Inter-BBP Adaptive SFN/SDMA TDLOFD-001082 Inter-BBU Adaptive SFN/SDMA Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 52 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M 3.3.2 TDLOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary In some scenarios, such as a power outage, an eNodeB can be instructed to work in low power consumption mode. This mode can help prolong the in-service time of an eNodeB powered by battery. Benefits When an eNodeB is derated, its power consumption is reduced and its in-service time powered by battery is prolonged. Therefore, the possibility of the eNodeB being out of service is reduced even during periods of extended power outages. Description Low power consumption mode is implemented in four levels. If the power supply has not recovered to its normal state and the power consumption of a level reaches the time threshold preset by the operator, the eNodeB enters the low power consumption mode of the next level until the cell is out of service. Low power consumption mode of the eNodeB is triggered by one of the following conditions: Power system alarms If the power insufficiency or power failure lasts for the period preset by the operator, an alarm is reported to trigger low power consumption mode of the eNodeB. Command delivered by the EMS The operator can deliver a command through the EMS to instruct the eNodeB to enter or exit low power consumption mode. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature requires the OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE. 3.3.3 TDLOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 53 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Summary eNodeBs report the power consumption status to the EMS. On the EMS, operators can monitor the change in eNodeB power consumption and generate a power consumption report. Benefits This feature allows operators to determine the exact benefits brought by the decrease in power consumption. Description The eNodeB periodically checks the power of each monitoring point and reports the power consumption within a period. The EMS receives and collects all power consumption data. On the EMS, the operator can monitor the change in power consumption and analyze power consumption according to a statistics report generated by the EMS. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature requires the OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE. RRU3702 cannot support this feature. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs 3.3.4 TDLOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.1. Summary When traffic is light in an area covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers can be blocked, and all services can be automatically taken over by the carriers that remain in service. When the traffic increases to a certain degree, the carriers that have been blocked can be automatically unblocked to again provide services. Benefits This feature helps reduce eNodeB power consumption without any impact on service quality. Description When multiple carriers provide coverage for the same area, the traffic in the area varies by time and operators can customize periods accordingly. In certain periods, for example, from midnight to the early morning hours, the traffic is light. When the eNodeB detects light traffic, Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 54 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M it shifts UEs to some of the carriers and then blocks the carriers without any load. In this way, the power consumption is reduced. When the traffic increases or the preset period ends, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carriers that have been blocked to recover functionality. In this way, the system capacity is increased without any impact on the service quality. Enhancement In eRAN3.1, RRU can adjust the power amplifier voltage according to the remaining carriers after the carrier shutdown. If two carriers are configured and a carrier is shut down, the RRU reduces the voltage of the power amplifier according to the remaining carrier to reduce power consumption. Dependencies This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs This feature requires either of the following features: TDLBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency Handover OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE 3.3.5 TDLOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN2.2. Summary With this feature, certain power supply units (PSUs) can be powered on or off according to the power consumption of the eNodeB to reduce the power consumption. For example, three PSUs are configured for a light-traffic eNodeB. After this feature is enabled, the eNodeB power consumption can decrease by 4% to 5%. Benefits When traffic is light, the eNodeB can power off certain PSUs to reduce power consumption. Description When an eNodeB with AC input is configured with Huawei PSUs (that are used to convert AC power into DC power) and Huawei PMU, this feature can be enabled. The number of configured PSUs depends on the maximum power consumption of the eNodeB and ensures that the eNodeB operates properly even at the maximum load. In most cases, the eNodeB does not operate with a full load, and therefore the PSUs do not operate with full power. Generally, the PSU conversion efficiency is proportional to its output power. Therefore, the decrease in the conversion efficiency increases the overall power consumption of the eNodeB. When the eNodeB is powered by multiple PSUs, the PSU intelligent shutdown function allows the eNodeB to shut down one or several PSUs according to the actual load and power supply demand. In this way, the remaining PSUs work in full load mode, ensuring efficiency. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 55 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Enhancement None Dependencies This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs eNodeBs with AC input must be configured with Huawei PSUs and Huawei PMU. 3.3.6 TDLOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.0 Summary This feature allows eNodeBs to shut down the PAs in the time of empty symbols. Multimedia broadcast multicast service single frequency network (MBSFN) subframes can be used to reduce the reference signal further, and therefore more empty symbols are available for PAs to shut down. Benefits This feature reduces the static power consumption of PAs, and therefore reduces eNodeB power consumption. Description PAs consume the most power in eNodeBs. A PA consumes static power even if no signal is transmitted. If the PA supports fast power-on and power-off, the eNodeB can use symbol power saving. The eNodeB can shut down the PAs in the time of empty symbols to save the static power consumption of the PA. To guarantee data integrity, the system must control the time when the PA is switched on and off. For example, when there are no active users in the cell and only RSs must be transmitted in some subframes, the PA can be shut down in the OFDM symbols without RSs. If the cell is not configured with the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), the eNodeB must add some of the empty subframes to MBSFN subframes for further power saving. When one subframe is configured as an MBSFN subframe, only the first RS must be transmitted over the air interface. No data is transmitted in the remaining symbols so that the PA can be shut down for those symbols to reduce power consumption. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 56 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Figure 3-1 Symbol power saving Enhancement None Dependencies This feature only applies to macro eNodeBs. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs MBSFN subframe configuration requires that UEs can identify and apply the MBSFN subframe configuration related to the serving and neighbor cells. This feature is only supported by the RRU3232 and RRU3235. 3.3.7 TDLOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.0. Summary With this feature, the battery management mode automatically changes depending on the selected grid type, which prolongs the battery lifespan. The battery self-protection function is triggered under high temperature to prevent battery overuse and subsequent damage. The battery runtime is displayed after the mains supply is cut off. By considering the runtime, operators can take proactive measures to prevent service interruption due to power supply cutoff. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 57 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Prolongs battery lifespan Reduces energy consumption Reduces OPEX Improves system stability Automatic change of the battery management mode: Description The PMU board records the number of times power supply is cut off and the duration of each cutoff. Then, the PMU board determines which grid type is selected and correspondingly activates a specific power management mode. In grid types 1 and 2, batteries can enter a hibernation state in which batteries do not charge or discharge, which helps prolong battery lifespan. Power Supply Cutoff Duration Within 15 Days (Hours) Grid Type Charge and Discharge Mode Current Limitatio n Valve Hibernation Voltage (V) Hibernation Duration (Days) Estimated Battery Lifespan Improvement Rate ≤5 1 Mode A 0.10 C 52 13 100% 5 to 30 2 Mode B 0.15 C 52 6 50% 30 to 120 3 Mode C 0.15 C N/A N/A 0% ≥ 120 4 Mode C 0.15 N/A N/A 0% This function is under license control. In addition, this function is disabled by default and can be enabled by running an MML command. Self-protection under high temperature: When batteries work at a temperature exceeding the threshold for entering the floating charge state for 5 minutes, they enter this state and no alarms are generated. When batteries work at a temperature exceeding the threshold for the self-protection function for 5 minutes, they are automatically powered off or the battery voltage is automatically adjusted. Battery runtime display: After the mains supply is cut off, the eNodeB calculates the runtime of batteries based on the remaining power capacity, discharge current, and other data. This runtime can be queried by running an MML command. The following formula is used to calculate the runtime of batteries: Runtime of batteries = (Remaining power capacity x Total power capacity x Discharge efficiency)/(Mean discharge current x Aging coefficient) Enhancement None Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 58 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M Dependencies This feature only applies to the power module PMU02B. This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs 3.4 Antenna Management 3.4.1 TDLOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0. Summary This feature improves OM efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for adjusting the downtilt of the remote electrical tilt (RET) antenna. Huawei LTE RET solution complies with AISG2.0 specifications and is backward compatible with AISG1.1 specifications. Benefits This feature provides the following benefits: RET antennas at multiple sites can be adjusted remotely within a short period. This improves efficiency and reduces the cost of network optimization. RET antennas can be adjusted in all weather conditions. RET antennas can be deployed at sites with difficult access. RET downtilt adjustment keeps the coverage pattern undistorted, strengthening the antenna signal and reducing neighboring cell interference. Description The RET is an antenna system whose downtilt is controlled electrically and remotely. After an antenna is installed, the downtilt of the antenna must be adjusted to optimize the network. In this situation, the signal phases that reach the array antenna elements can be adjusted under the electrical control. The vertical pattern of the antenna can then be changed. The phase shifter inside the antenna can be adjusted by using the step motor outside the antenna. The downtilt of the RET antenna can be adjusted when the system is powered on, and the downtilt can be monitored in real time. Therefore, the remote precise adjustment of the downtilt of the antenna can be achieved. Enhancement None Dependencies This feature is unavailable when an RRU3232, RRU3252, or RRU3256 is split into two 2T2R RRUs. Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 59 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 60 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M A Acronyms and Abbreviations Numerics 1xCS IWS Circuit Switched Fallback Interworking Solution Function for 3GPP2 1xCS 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project A ACK acknowledgment ACL access control list AES advanced encryption standard AFC automatic frequency control AH authentication header AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate AMC adaptive modulation and coding AMR adaptive multi-rate ANR automatic neighbor relation ARP allocation/retention priority ARQ automatic repeat request Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 61 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M B BBU baseband unit BCCH broadcast control channel BCH broadcast channel BE best effort BLER block error rate C CAPEX capital expenditure CCCH common control channel CCO cell change order CCU cell center user CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000 CDMA2000 1xRTT CDMA2000 1x radio transmission technology CEU cell edge user CGI cell global identification C/I carrier-to-interference power ratio CME Configuration Management Express CP cyclic prefix CPICH common pilot channel CPRI common public radio interface CPU central processing unit Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 62 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M CQI channel quality indicator CRC cyclic redundancy check CPU central processing unit CS circuit switched D DCCH dedicated control channel DES data encryption standard DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DiffServ Differentiated Services DL-SCH downlink shared channel DRB data radio bearer DRX discontinuous reception DSCP differentiated services code point DTCH dedicated traffic channel E ECM EPS control management EDF early deadline first EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution EF expedited forwarding eHRPD evolved high rate packet data EMM EPS mobility management Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 63 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M EMS element management system eNodeB E-UTRAN NodeB EPC evolved packet core EPS evolved packet system E-RAB E-UTRAN radio access bearer ESP Encapsulation Security Payload ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network F FCPSS fault, configuration, performance, security and software management FDD frequency division duplex FEC forward error correction FTP File Transfer Protocol G GBR guaranteed bit rate GERAN GSM/EDGE radio access network GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GUL GSM/UMTS/LTE H Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 64 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request HII high interference indication HMAC hash-based message authentication code HMAC_MD5 HMAC message digest 5 HMAC_SHA HMAC secure hash algorithm HO handover HRPD high rate packet data HSPA High Speed Packet Access HSS home subscriber server I ICIC inter-cell interference coordination IKEv Internet Key Exchange version IMS IP multimedia service IPPM IP performance monitoring Ipsec IP security IRC interference rejection combining IV initial vector K KPI key performance indicator L Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 65 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M LAI location area identity LMT local maintenance terminal LTE Long Term Evolution M M2000 Huawei OMC MAC Media Access Control MCH multicast channel MCCH multicast control channel MCS modulation and coding scheme MGW media gateway MIB master information block MinBR minimum bit rate MIMO multiple-input multiple-output MME mobility management entity MML man-machine language MOS mean opinion score MRC maximum ratio combining MTCH multicast traffic channel MU-MIMO multi-user MIMO N NACC Draft A (2014-02-10) network assisted cell changed Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 66 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M NACK negative acknowledgment NAS non-access stratum NE network element NMS network management system NRT neighboring relation table O OCXO oven controlled crystal oscillator OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access OI overload indicator OMC operation and maintenance center OOK on-off-keying OPEX operating expense P PBCH physical broadcast channel PCCH paging control channel PCFICH physical control format indicator channel PCH paging channel PCI physical cell identifier PDB packet delay budget PDCCH physical downlink control channel Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 67 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PDH plesiochronous digital hierarchy PDN packet data network PDSCH physical downlink shared channel PF proportional fair P-GW PDN gateway PHB per-hop behavior PHICH physical HARQ indicator channel PLMN public land mobile network PM performance measurement PMCH physical multicast channel PRACH physical random access channel PS packet switched PUCCH physical uplink control channel PUSCH physical uplink shared channel Q QAM quadrature amplitude modulation QCI QoS class identifier QoS quality of service QPSK quadrature phase shift keying R Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 68 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M RA random access RACH random access channel RAM random access memory RAN radio access network RAT radio access technology RB resource block RCU radio control unit RET remote electrical tilt RF radio frequency RIM RAN information management RLC Radio Link Control RNC radio network controller RRC radio resource control RRM radio resource management RRU remote radio unit RS reference signal RSRP reference signal received power RSRQ reference signal received quality RSSI received signal strength indicator RTT round trip time RV redundancy version RX receive Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 69 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M S S1 interface between the EPC and E-UTRAN SBT smart bias tee SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol SDH synchronous digital hierarchy SDMA space division multiple access SeGW security gateway SFBC space frequency block coding SFN single frequency network SFP small form-factor pluggable S-GW serving gateway SIB system information block SID silence indicator SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio SPID subscriber profile ID SRB signaling radio bearer SRS sounding reference signal SSL Secure Sockets Layer STBC space time block coding STMA smart tower-mounted amplifier T Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 70 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M TAC Transport Admission Control TCP Transmission Control Protocol TDD time division duplex TMA tower-mounted amplifier TMF traced message files ToS type of service TTI transmission time interval TX transmit U UE user equipment UL-SCH uplink shared channel UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System USB Universal Serial Bus UTRAN universal terrestrial radio access network V VLAN virtual local area network VoIP voice over IP W WRR Draft A (2014-02-10) weighted round robin Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 71 eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE TDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M X X2 Draft A (2014-02-10) interface between eNodeBs Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 72
