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Trojan War
Homer
 Homer, a Greek poet, wrote two of the earliest
surviving examples of Greek literature: The Iliad
and The Odyssey.
 Homer passed his poems on by word of mouth.
 Later, scholars and poets wrote them down.
Cause of the Trojan War
 During a royal wedding in Troy, uninvited Eris, the
goddess of discord, brought an apple.
 The apple had the inscription “To the fairest.”
 Paris, the king’s son, had to choose between the
three most powerful goddesses: Athena (wisdom),
Aphrodite (love & beauty), and Hera (Queen of the
Gods).
The Judgment of Paris
 Hera offered all the power in the world.
 Athena offered wisdom.
 Aphrodite offered the most beautiful woman
in the world.
The face that launched a 1,000 ships
 Helen of Sparta was the fairest of all,
however, she was married to King Menelaus.
 Paris stole Helen and took her to Troy.
 King Menelaus and his brother Agamemnon,
King of Mycenae, raised an army.
 They set out to conquer and reclaim Helen.
Achilles and Hector
 Achilles, a Greek hero, pulled out of the battle
over an argument with Agamemnon.
 Patroclus, a friend, took Achilles' armor and
went into battle.
 Hector, a Trojan warrior, thinking he was
Achilles', killed him.
Revenge and a Truce
 Achilles returned to the battlefield and killed Hector.
 He dragged Hector’s body behind his chariot
around the city walls of Troy.
 Hector’s father paid a ransom for the return of the
body to the family.
 Achilles feeling remorse called a truce for the
twelve days during Hector’s funeral.
Odysseus’s Plan
 After ten long years of battling, Odysseus, a Greek hero and
King of Ithaca, came up with an unusual plan:
 They would build a giant wooden horse.
 Soldiers would hide in the belly of the horse.
 They would leave the horse outside the walls of Troy.
 The Trojans, believing it was a gift, would bring it into the city.
 The Greek soldiers would attack within the city walls at night.
The Trojan Horse
 A Trojan priest ordered the horse to be burnt.
 Hera and Athena interfered by sending a huge
serpent to kill the priest and his sons.
 The Trojans feared this as an omen and took the
horse into the city.
 After the Trojans had celebrated by dancing and
drinking, the Greek soldiers crept out of the horse.
The War Ends
 The Greeks killed all who challenged them.
 Helen was rescued and returned to Sparta.
 The Greeks set Troy on fire.
Did the city of Troy really exist?
 Until the late 19th century, most historians
believed that Troy did not exist.
 Heinrich Schliemann excavated an ancient
city in Turkey and discovered it was Troy.
 Nine cities have been found at the site, one
on top of the other.
 Schliemann identified Troy's location through
clues he found in the Iliad.
The Nine Cities of Troy
Troy I
2920 - 2450 BC
Troy II
2600 - 2450 BC
Troy IV
2200 - 2000 BC
Troy V
2000 - 1870 BC
Troy VI
1700 - 1250 BC
Troy VII
1250 - 1020 BC
Troy VIII
800 - 85 BC
Troy IX
85
- AD 500
Ancient Map of the Aegean World
Troy Today
Inside A Trojan House