Download Reference Coordinates Table 7

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS REFERRED TO
IN THE 23RD EDITION (2012 – 2013) OF THE BELGIUM – LUXEMBOURG VERSION
OF THE SANFORDGUIDE TO ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
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TABLE 7
FUNGAL INFECTIONS: TREATMENT
Nucci M, Anaissie E. Emerging fungi. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006;20:563-79.
Nucci M, Marr KA. Emerging fungal diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:521-6.
Pfaller MA, Pappas PG, Wingard JR. Invasive fungal pathogens: current epidemiological trends. Clin
Infect Dis 2006;43(suppl. 1):S3-14.
De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, Stevens DA, Edwards JE, Calandra T, Pappas PG, Maertens J,
Lortholary O, Kauffman CA, Denning DW, Patterson TF, Maschmeyer G, Bille J, Dismukes WE, Herbrecht R, Hope WW, Kibbler CC, Kullberg BJ, Marr KA, Muñoz P, Odds FC, Perfect JR, Restrepo A,
Ruhnke M, Segal BH, Sobel JD, Sorrell TC, Viscoli C, Wingard JR, Zaoutis T, Bennett JE. Revised
definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of
Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/ MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008;
46:1813-21.
Alexander BD, Pfaller MA. Contemporary tools for the diagnosis and management of invasive mycoses. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43(suppl. 1):S15-27.
Lass-Flörl C. Invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients: a review focusing on antifungal therapy.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010;8:127-35.
Mukherjee PK, Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Ghannoum MA. Combination treatment of invasive fungal
infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:163-94.
Nivoix Y, Zamfir A, Lutun P, Kara F, Remy V, Lioure B, Rigolot JC, Entz-Werlé N, Letscher-Bru V,
Waller J, Levêque D, Koffel JC, Beretz L, Herbrecht R. Combination of caspofungin and an azole or
an amphotericin B formulation in invasive fungal infections. J Infect 2006;52:67-74.
Bille J, Marchetti O, Calandra T. Changing face of health care associated fungal infections. Curr
Opin Infect Dis 2005;18:314-9.
Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KH, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected
adults and adolescents. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58(RR-4):1-207.
Mofenson LM, Brady MT, Danner SP, Dominguez KL, Hazra R, Handelsman E, Havens P, Nesheim
S, Read JS, Serchuck L, Van Dyke R [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58(RR-11):1-167.
Revankar SG. Therapy for infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther
2005;3:601-12.
Nucci M, Perfect JR. When primary antifungal therapy fails. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1426-33.
Cordonnier C, Pautas C, Maury S, Vekhoff A, Farhat H, Suarez F, Dhédin N, Isnard F, Ades L, Kuhnowski F, Foulet F, Kuentz M, Maison P, Bretagne S, Schwarzinger M. Empirical versus preemptive
antifungal therapy for high-risk, febrile, neutropenic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1042-51.
de Pauw BE, Donnelly JP. Timely intervention for invasive fungal disease: should the road now lead
to the laboratory instead of the pharmacy? Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1052-4.
Kullberg BJ, Verweij PE, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Bille J, Calandra T, Cuenca-Estrella M, Herbrecht
R, Jacobs F, Kalin M, Kibbler CC, Lortholary O, Martino P, Meis JF, Muñoz P, Odds FC, De Pauw
BE, Rex JH, Roilides E, Rogers TR, Ruhnke M, Ullmann AJ, Uzun Ö, Vandewoude K, Vincent JL,
Donnelly JP. European expert opinion on the management of invasive candidiasis in adults. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17(suppl. 5):1-12.
Hsu LY, Ng ES, Koh LP. Common and emerging fungal pulmonary infections. Infect Dis Clin North
Am 2011;24:557-77.
Alangaden GJ. Nosocomial fungal infections: epidemiology, infection control, and prevention. Infect
Dis Clin North Am 2011;25:201-25.
Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, Ampel NM, Bennett JE, Catanzaro A, Davies SF, Dismukes WE,
Hage CA, Marr KA, Mody CH, Perfect JR, Stevens DA (American Thoracic Society Fungal Working
Group). An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:96-128.
Segal BH. Aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1870-84.
Singh N, Paterson DL. Aspergillus infections in transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:4469.
Barnes PD, Marr KA. Aspergillosis: spectrum of disease, diagnosis, and treatment. Infect Dis Clin
North Am 2006;20:545-61.
Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, Herbrecht R, Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Morrison VA, Segal
BH, Steinbach WJ, Stevens DA, van Burik JA, Wingard JR, Patterson TF. Treatment of aspergillosis:
clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:
327-60.
Pasqualotto AC, Denning DW. Post-operative aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:1060-76.
Bueid A, Howard SJ, Moore CB, Richardson MD, Harrison E, Bowyer P, Denning DW. Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: 2008 and 2009. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:21168.
Hassoun A. Cauliflower mass obstructing the left main-stem bronchus. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:5856.
Gibson PG. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2006;27:185-91.
Shoseyov D, Brownlee KG, Conway SP, Kerem E. Aspergillus bronchitis in cystic fibrosis. Chest
2006;130:222-6.
Tillie-Leblond I, Tonnel AB. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergy 2005;60:1004-13.
Stevens DA, Moss RB, Kurup VP, Knutsen AP, Greenberger P, Judson MA, Denning DW, Crameri R,
Brody AS, Light M, Skov M, Maish W, Mastella G (Participants in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Conference). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis. State of the art: Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation consensus conference. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(suppl. 3):S225-64.
Stevens DA, Schwartz HJ, Lee JY, Moskovitz BL, Jerome DC, Catanzaro A, Bamberger DM, Wein-
7.32
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mann AJ, Tuazon CU, Judson MA, Platts-Mills TA, DeGraff AC. A randomized trial of itraconazole in
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2000;342:756-62.
Marple BF. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: current theories and management strategies. Laryngoscope 2001;111:1006-19.
Sohail MA, Al Khabori MJ, Hyder J, Verma A. Allergic fungal sinusistis: can we predict the recurrence? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131:704-10.
Ebbens FA, Scadding GK, Badia L, Hellings PW, Jorissen M, Mullol J, Cardesin A, Bachert C, van
Zele TP, Dijkgraaf MG, Lund V, Fokkens WJ. Amphotericin B nasal lavages: not a solution for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:1149-56.
Kim YT, Kang MC, Sung SW, Kim JH. Good long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of simple
and complex pulmonary aspergilloma. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:294-8.
Okubo K, Kobayashi M, Morikawa H, Hayatsu E, Ueno Y. Favorable acute and long-term outcomes
after the resection of pulmonary aspergillomas. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;55:108-11.
Chatzimichalis A, Massard G, Kessler R, Barsotti P, Claudon B, Ojard-Chillet J, Wihlm JM. Bronchopulmonary aspergilloma: a reappraisal. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:927-9.
Felton TW, Baxter C, Moore CB, Roberts SA, Hope WW, Denning DW. Efficacy and safety of posaconazole for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:1383-91.
Maertens J, Meersseman W, Van Bleyenbergh P. New therapies for fungal pneumonia. Curr Opin
Infect Dis 2009;22:183-90.
Segal BH, Walsh TJ. Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:707-17.
Doffman SR, Agrawal SG, Brown JS. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther
2005;3:613-27.
Ruhnke M, Kofla G, Otto K, Schwartz S. CNS aspergillosis: recognition, diagnosis and management.
CNS Drugs 2007;21:659-76.
Ader F, Nseir S, Le Berre R, Leroy S, Tillie-Leblond I, Marquette CH, Durocher A. Invasive pulmonary
aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an emerging fungal pathogen. Clin Microbiol
Infect 2005;11:427-9.
Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Maertens J, Van Wijngaerden E. Invasive aspergillosis in the intensive
care unit. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:205-16.
Upton A, Kirby KA, Carpenter P, Boeckh M, Marr KA. Invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic
cell transplantation: outcomes and prognostic factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis 2007;
44:531-40.
Maertens J, Maertens V, Theunissen K, Meersseman W, Meersseman P, Meers S, Verbeken E, Verhoef G, Van Eldere J, Lagrou K. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:168893.
Miceli MH, Grazziutti ML, Woods G, Zhao W, Kocoglu MH, Barlogie B, Anaissie E. Strong correlation
between serum Aspergillus galactomannan index and outcome of aspergillosis in patients with hematological cancer: clinical and research implications. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1412-22.
Desai R, Ross LA, Hoffman JA. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan in the diagnosis
of pediatric invasive aspergillosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:283-6.
Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Maertens J, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Vanderschueren S, Spriet I, Verbeken
E, Van Wijngaerden E. Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:27-34.
Hope WW, Walsh TJ, Denning JW. Laboratory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Lancet Infect Dis
2005;5:609-22.
Pfeiffer CD, Fine JP, Safdar N. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis using a galactomannan assay: a
meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1417-27.
Marr KA, Laverdiere M, Gugel A, Leisenring W. Antifungal therapy decreases sensitivity of the Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1762-9.
Greene RE, Schlamm HT, Oestmann JW, Stark P, Durand C, Lortholary O, Wingard JR, Herbrecht R,
Ribaud P, Patterson TF, Troke PF, Denning DW, Bennett JE, de Pauw BE, Rubin RH. Imaging findings in acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical significance of the halo sign. Clin Infect Dis
2007;44:373-9.
Vandewoude KH, Vogelaers D. Medical imaging and timely diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:380-1.
Dockrell DH. Salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61(suppl.
1):i41-4.
Burgos A, Zaoutis TE, Dvorak CC, Hoffman JA, Knapp KM, Nania JJ, Prasad P, Steinbach WJ. Pediatric invasive aspergillosis: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 139 contemporary cases. Pediatrics 2008;121:e1286-94.
Maschmeyer G, Haas A, Cornely OA. Invasive aspergillosis. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management in immunocompromised patients. Drugs 2007;67:1567-1601.
Cornillet A, Camus C, Nimubona S, Gandemer V, Tattevin P, Belleguic C, Chevrier S, Meunier C, Lebert C, Aupée M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Faucheux M, Lelong B, Leray E, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP.
Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43;577-84.
Muñoz P, Guinea J, Bouza E. Update on invasive aspergillosis: clinical and diagnostic aspects. Clin
Microbiol Infect 2006;12(suppl. 7):24-39.
Segal BH, Walsh TJ. Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:707-17.
Steinbach WJ. Pediatric aspergillosis. Disease and treatment differences in children. Pediatr Infect
Dis J 2005;24:358-64.
Chandrasekar PH, Ito JI. Amphotericin B lipid complex in the management of invasive aspergillosis in
immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(suppl. 6):S392-400.
Mouas H, Lutsar I, Dupont B, Fain O, Herbrecht R, Lescure FX, Lortholary O (Voriconazole/Bone Invasive Aspergillosis Study Group). Voriconazole for invasive bone aspergillosis: a worldwide experience of 20 cases. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1141-7.
Tragiannidis A, Roilides E, Walsh TJ, Groll AH. Invasive aspergillosis in children with acquired immunodeficiencies. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:258-67.
Steinbach WJ. Pediatric invasive aspergillosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:964-5.
Blot SI, Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Meersseman W, Brusselaers N, Dimopoulos G,
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Paiva JA, Misset B, Rello J, Vandewoude K, Vogelaers D (AspICU Study Investigators). A clinical
algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care
Med 2012;186:56-64.
Zaoutis TE, Jafri HS, Huang LM, Locatelli F, Barzilai A, Ebell W, Steinbach WJ, Bradley J, Lieberman
JM, Hsiao CC, Seibel N, Laws HJ, Gamba M, Petrecz M, Taylor AF, Strohmaier KM, Chow JW, Kartsonis NA, Ngai AL. A prospective, multicenter study of caspofungin for the treatment of documented
Candida or Aspergillus infections in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 2009;123:877-94.
Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, Bennett JE, Greene RE, Oestmann JW, Kern WV, Marr KA,
Ribaud P, Lortholary O, Sylvester R, Rubin RH, Wingard JR, Stark P, Durand C, Caillot D, Thiel E,
Chandrasekar PH, Hodges MR, Schlamm HT, Troke PF, de Pauw B (Invasive Fungal Infections
Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group). Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N
Engl J Med 2002;347:408-15.
Sambatakou H, Dupont B, Lode H, Denning DW. Voriconazole treatment for subacute invasive and
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Am J Med 2006;119:527.e17-24.
Ainaissie EJ. Trial design for mold-active agents: time to break the mold. Aspergillosis in neutropenic
adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1298-306.
Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M, Ebrahimi R, Ullmann AJ, Bouza E, Heussel CP, Lortholary O,
Rieger C, Boehme A, Aoun M, Horst HA, Thiebaut A, Ruhnke M, Reichert D, Vianelli N, Krause SW,
Olavarria E, Herbrecht R (AmBiLoad Trial Study Group). Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy
for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard
dosing (AmBiLoad trial). Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1289-7.
Steinbach WJ, Benjamin DK Jr, Kontoyiannis DP, Perfect JR, Lutsar I, Marr KA, Lionakis MS, Torres
HA, Jafri H, Walsh TJ. Infections due to Aspergillus terreus: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 83
cases. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:192-8.
Walsh TJ, Raad I, Patterson TF, Chandrasekar P, Donowitz GR, Graybill R, Greene RE, Hachem R,
Hadley S, Herbrecht R, Langston A, Louie A, Ribaud P, Segal BH, Stevens DA, van Burik JA, White
CS, Corcoran G, Gogate J, Krishna G, Pedicone L, Hardalo C, Perfect JR. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with posaconazole in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional therapy:
an externally controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:2-12.
Miceli MH, Maertens J, Buvé K, Grazziutti M, Woods G, Rahman M, Barlogie B, Anaissie EJ. Immune
reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in cancer patients with pulmonary aspergillosis recovering from
neutropenia: proof of principle, description, and clinical and research implications. Cancer 2007;110:
112-20.
Viscoli C. Combination therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:803-5.
van der Linden JW, Jansen RR, Bresters D, Visser CE, Geerlings SE, Kuijper EJ, Melchers WJ, Verweij PE. Azole-resistant central nervous system aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1111-3.
Maertens J, Raad I, Petrikkos G, Boogaerts M, Selleslag D, Petersen FB, Sable CA, Kartsonis NA,
Ngai A, Taylor A, Patterson TF, Denning DW, Walsh TJ (Caspofungin Salvage Aspergillosis Study
Group). Efficacy and safety of caspofungin for treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients refractory
to or intolerant of conventional antifungal therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1563-71.
Singh N, Limaye AP, Forrest G, Safdar N, Muñoz P, Pursell K, Houston S, Rosso F, Montoya JG,
Patton P, Del Busto R, Aguado JM, Fisher RA, Klintmalm GB, Miller R, Wagener MM, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP, Husain S. Combination of voriconazole and caspofungin as primary therapy for invasive
aspergillosis in solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective, multicenter, observational trial. Transplantation 2006;81:320-6.
Luke DR, Tomaszewski K, Damle B, Schlamm HT. Review of the basic and clinical pharmacology of
sulfobutylether-b-cyclodextrin (SBECD). J Pharm Sci 2010;99:3291-301.
Petraitis V, Petraitiene R, Sarafandi AA, Kelaher AM, Lyman CA, Casler HE, Sein T, Groll AH, Bacher
J, Avila NA, Walsh TJ. Combination therapy in treatment of experimental pulmonary aspergillosis:
synergistic interaction between an antifungal triazole and an echinocandin. J Infect Dis 2003;187:
1834-43.
Andes D, Pascual A, Marchetti O. Antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: established and emerging
indications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:24-34.
Pascual A, Calandra T, Bolay S, Buclin T, Bille J, Marchetti O. Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive mycoses improves efficacy and safety outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 2008;
46:201-11.
Lewis JS. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antifungal agents. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 2009;3:96-102.
Trifilio S, Pennick G, Pi J, Zook J, Golf M, Kaniecki K, Singhal S, Williams S, Winter J, Tallman M,
Gordon L, Frankfurt O, Evens A, Mehta J. Monitoring plasma voriconazole levels may be necessary
to avoid subtherapeutic levels in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Cancer 2007;109:
1532-5.
Saccente M, Woods GL. Clinical and laboratory update on blastomycosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010;
23:367-81.
Bariola JR, Perry P, Pappas PG, Proia L, Shealey W, Wright PW, Sizemore JM, Robinson M, Bradsher RW. Blastomycosis of the central nervous system: a multicenter review of diagnosis and treatment in the modern area. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:797-804.
Kauffman CA. Endemic mycoses: blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis. Infect Dis Clin
North Am 2006;20:645-62.
Chapman SW, Dismukes WE, Proia LA, Bradsher RW, Pappas PG, Threlkeld MG, Kauffman CA. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of blastomycosis: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1801-12.
Bradsher RW, Chapman SW, Pappas PG. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003;17:21-40.
Trofa D, Gácser A, Nosanchuk JD. Candida parapsilosis, an emerging fungal pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:606-25.
Panackal AA, Gribskov JL, Staab JF, Kirby KA, Rinaldi M, Marr KA. Clinical significance of azole antifungal drug cross-resistance in Candida glabrata. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:1740-3.
Leroy O, Gangneux JP, Montravers P, Mira JP, Gouin F, Sollet JP, Carlet J, Reynes J, Rosenheim M,
Regnier B, Lortholary O (AmarCand Study Group). Epidemiology, management and risk factors for
death of invasive Candida infections in critical care: a multicenter, prospective, observational study in
France (2005-2006). Crit Care Med 2009;37:1612-8.
Viscoli C, Girmenia C, Marinus A, Collette L, Martino P, Vandercam B, Doyen C, Lebeau B, Spence
D, Krcmery V, de Pauw B, Meunier F. Candidemia in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter sur-
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veillance study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1071-9.
Kartsonis N, Killar J, Mixson L, Hoe CM, Sable C, Bartizal K, Motyl M. Caspofungin susceptibility testing of isolates from patients with esophageal candidiasis or invasive candidiasis: relationship of MIC
to treatment outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:3616-23.
Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, Benjamin DK Jr, Calandra TF, Edwards JE, Filler SG, Fisher JF,
Kullberg BJ, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Reboli AC, Rex JH, Walsh TJ, Sobel JD. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:505-35.
Magill SS, Shields C, Sears CL, Choti M, Merz WG. Triazole cross-resistance among Candida spp.:
case report, occurrence among bloodstream isolates, and implications for antifungal therapy. J Clin
Microbiol 2006;44:529-35.
Spellberg BJ, Filler SG, Edwards JE. Current treatment strategies for disseminated candidiasis. Clin
Infect Dis 2006;42:244-51.
Kohli R, Hadley S. Fungal arthritis and osteomyelitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2005;19:831-51.
Smith PB, Steinbach WJ Benjamin DK. Neonatal candidiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2005;19:
603-15.
Epstein JB. Mucositis in the cancer patient and the immunosuppressed host. Infect Dis Clin North
Am 2007;21:503-22.
Fichtenbaum CJ, Koletar S, Yiannoutsos C, Holland F, Pottage J, Cohn SE, Walawander A, Frame P,
Feinberg J, Saag M, Van der Horst C, Powderly WG. Refractory mucosal candidiasis in advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:749-56.
Saag MS, Fessel WJ, Kaufman CA, Merrill KW, Ward DJ, Moskovitz BL, Thomas C, Oleka N, Guarnieri JA, Lee J, Brenner-Gati L, Klausner M. Treatment of fluconazole refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis with itraconazole oral solution in HIV positive patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999;15:
1413-7.
Ally R, Schürmann D, Kreisel W, Carosi G, Aguirrebengoa K, Dupont B, Hodges M, Troke P, Romero
AJ (Esophageal Candidiasis Study Group). A randomized, double blind, double dummy, multicenter
trial of voriconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1447-54.
Gaitán-Cepeda LA, Martínez-González M, Ceballos-Salobreña A. Oral candidosis as a clinical marker
of immune failure in patients with HIV/AIDS on HAART. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2005;19:70-7.
Nyirjesy P. Vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2008;22:63752.
Workowski KA, Berman SM [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55(RR-11):1-94.
Say PJ, Jacintho C. Difficult to manage vaginitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2005;48:753-68.
Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet 2007;369:1961-71.
Eckert LO. Acute vulvovaginitis. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1244-52.
Spence D, Melville C. Vaginal discharge. Br Med J 2007;335:1147-51.
Sherrrard J, Donders G, White D, Jensen JS. European (IUSTI/WHO) guideline on the management
of vaginal discharge, 2011. Int J STD AIDS 2011;22:421-9.
Sobel JD, Wiesenfeld HC, Martens M, Danna P, Hooton TM, Rompalo A, Sperling M, Livengood C,
Horowitz B, Von Thron J, Edwards L, Panzer H, Chu TC. Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2004;351:876-83.
Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID, Zarkada IM, Falagas ME. Boric acid for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis:
the clinical evidence. J Womens Health 2011;20:1245-55.
Bassetti M, Righi E, Tumbarello M, Di Biagio A, Rosso R, Viscoli C. Candida infections in the intensive care unit: epidemiology, risk factors and therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther
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Pappas PG. Invasive candidiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006;20:485-506.
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