Download Brain physics

Researcher/ Assoc Prof Renate Grüner
Medical Physics and Technology, UiB
From IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference 2005
○ new and better scintillator material (LYSO, LaBr3)
○ multipixel photon counters (MPPC, MAPD, SiPM)
○ high speed ADCs and analog memory
In cohort with new developments of intelligent detectors to be used in future
upgrades at CERN and other high energy physics experiments
Helse Bergen HF 2011:
~11000 ansatte
~ 7700 årsverk
~ 7.8 milliarder kr (budsjett)
Ansvar: Pasientbehandling, Forskning, Utdanning, Opplæring
Haukeland University Hospital
1912 – 2012
Dept of Radiology
Technical Devision
Dept of Oncology
and Medical Physics
Dept of Clinical Eng.
Medical Physics
CT
MRI
NM/PET
RT
Radiologisk avdeling

Ansatte ca 210
 Ass. leger: 17
 Overleger: 36
 Radiografer: 100
Antall undersøkelser 2008: 180.000
 Budsjett 2010: ca 230 mill
 Egne inntekter: ca 73 mill
 To spesialiteter: Radiologi og Nukleærmedisin
 PET-senter i 2009

Courtesy Aslak Aslaksen, MD. PhD, Head Dept of Radiology
PET
Cyclotron
OH
Radio
chemistry
HO
HO
18
PET/CT
O
F
OH
NM
CT
Ultrasound
NM
CT
Ultralyd
MRI
06/08/06 - 1
9
What next?
Towards multimodality?
Towards super resolution?
11.74T, 10-100um, 10-100ms
Combined PET/ MRI
Data acquisition - Physical/ Mathematical/ Statistical Modeling – Assessment
The image data acquisition
Contrast resolution
High
Spatial resolution
8mm
Low
1mm
Available
MRI parameters
Signal/ Noise
Temporal resolution
Image quality
week0
week3
week5
week8
Perfusion
50μm
100μm
Harrison, 2002
DSC-MRI: Acquisition and analysis
Acquisition:
MR signals: s(t)
baseline
first pass recirculation
Contrast concentrations: c(t)
AIF (ACM)
Gray matter
White matter
time
Gd-DPTA
iv bolus
Cerebral blood volume
Cerebral blood flow
Susceptibility
Contrast Physics
Mean transit time
Time to Peak
Tracer
Kinetic
Principles
Typical
values:
GM:
4-7 ml/100g
WM:
2-3
[ml/100g]
Gray Matter:
45-70
White Matter:
20-25
[ml/100g/min]
CBV
________
Modified, JR Petrella et al. AJR 2000; 175:207-219
Time-to-peak, Time-of-arrival
CBF
[seconds]
Delay and dispersion:
Blood Flow using
Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL)
TR/TE = 36 ms/ 3.7 ms
300
ADC
250
DCE-MRI in endometrial ca.
ID_012
ID_019
ID_022
200
ID_025
150
ID_026
ID_028
100
ID_030
ID_031
50
ID_032
AIF
ID_033
1
7
13
19
25
31
37
43
49
55
61
67
73
79
85
91
97
103
109
115
121
127
133
139
145
151
157
0
ROI signal intensity
130
g
b
c
d
e
f
b
c
d
e
f
g
125
PWI
Myometrium
120
115
110
105
Pixel Intensity [a.u.]
100
95
90
85
Tumor tissue
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time [sec]
Fig 5: ROI analysis in one random subject (FIGO IB)
Bergen fMRI group (HUH/ UiB)
http:// fmri.uib.no
Belliveau et al.
Science, 1991
Lundervold et al. (1995)
Int. J. Neuroscience, 81, 151-168
YouTube
Ongoing research activities

1/3 initiated within Dept of Radiology
 Pediatric imaging
 Neuroimaging (Head and neck)
 Male/ female pelvis
1/3 initiated from clinical departments or
researchers at the university
 1/3 clinical trials

60
50
Antall
40
2010
30
2011 (okt)
20
10
0
Antall Artikler
Nivå1 tidsskr
Nivå2 tidsskr
1.forfatter
Antall Medforf
Clinical Trials (GCP):
Om radiologiske
undersøkelser i
studien:
Hvilke
undersøkelser:
Hvilke visitter:
Inngår i vanlig rutine:
Ekstra på grunn av
studien:
Bone scan /
sceletal servey
CT/MR bryst,
abdomen,
bekken
Evt. annet
tilleggsarbeid (skal
svarene leveres på
CD og lignende):
Bone scan/ CT/
MR sendes
enten elektronisk
eller på CD ROM Alle
1(screening/baseline),
uke 9, og deretter hver
8. uke (bone scan ved
skjelettmetastaser)
Clinical Trials: Work Flow
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Certification of laboratories/ training of staff
(Imaging Facility Qualification Procedure/
Training of staff)
Establishment of imaging protocol. Piloting.
Logistics: Allocate imaging equipment and staff
Image acquisition – multimodal/ longitudinal
Diagnotic reading (RECIST criteria)
Image processing/ deidentification according to
guidelines/ Image export and transfer
Considerations
Merge medical physicists?
 Emerging new technologies?
(preclinical, OI, nano tech, US in
therapy, bioechemistry/ molecular)
 Complexity of information (combining
diagnotics, therapeutic outcome,
disease progression/ reoccurence,
serum/ blood samples, …)

MedViz (HUH/ UiB)
http:// medviz.uib.no
Why research?
Science, curiosity and creativity
 Less routine, more fun
 Implement new, improved health care
(our best survival strategy?)
 Gateway to international web of knowledge
(conferences, write paper to read paper)

Requirements to us









Be true to own knowledge (math, physics, C++..)
Do basic scientific research to push frontiers
Interdiciplinary teams (MD, chem, eng., bio.)
High ethical standards and responsible decisions
Develop good problemsolving skills
Excellent communication skills
High patient compliance
10000h (scan time during regular working hours!)
FOCUS
Thank you for your attention!
http://fmri.uib.no
&
http://nordicneurolab.com
Bergen,March 13th – 14th
fMRI and DTI: From Research to
Clinical Practice