Download Zoser`s Step Pyramid at Saqqara is thought to be

UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Plan of Tutankhamun’s Tomb
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UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Some Great Pharaohs
(all dates are approximate)
Akhenaten (formerly Amenhotep IV) 1353 –
1335 BCE (BC)
Akhenaten created a new capital city –
Akhetaten, now called Tell el-Amarna.
Akhenaten's 'principal wife' or queen was
Nefertiti and they had six daughters. There were
also other wives, including Kiya who was thought
to be the mother of Tutankhamen.
Akhenaten tried to convert the Ancient Egyptians
to monotheism – worship of one god: Aten
(which is why he changed his name).
Akhenaten was known for his very artistic style
and although he began with temple construction
and decoration projects reflecting that of his
ancestors, within a year or two he was building
temples in a very different style.
Tutankhamun (formerly Tutankhaten) 1332 –
1322 BCE (BC)
Probably the most famous of all the Pharaohs. His
tomb was discovered by the British archaeologist
Howard Carter in 1922, and is the largest
recovery of Egyptian treasure to date.
He married his half-sister Ankhesenpaaten (later
Anhkesenamun).
Tutankhamun returned the religious capital to its
traditional centre at Thebes after his father’s
death.
There is a lot of mystery surrounding the young
Pharaoh’s parents and also his death. Was it
illness or was he murdered...?
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UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Ramesses II 1279 – 1213 BCE (BC)
Ramesses II or ‘Ramesses the Great’ as he is also
known, followed in the footsteps of his father
Seti/Sethos I around 1279 BCE.
He was the third Pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty and
he established Piramesse in the Nile Delta as his
capital city. He had many great temples built
including the one at Abu Simbel.
He ruled for 67 years and waged a series of wars
against the Nubians, Hittites, Libyans and seapirates (Shardana) that made Egypt safe for years
to come.
With 200 wives and concubines (lesser wives)
Ramesses had well over 100 children, and
outlived 13 heirs.
In 1818 Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote the famous
poem Ozymandias (Greek name for Ramesses II)
about a statue of Ramesses II that had recently
been discovered.
Hatshepsut 1479 – 1457 BCE (BC)
When Thutmose II died in 1479 BCE, his wife
Hatshepsut took over as ruler (5th Pharaoh of the
18th Dynasty) because her step-son (Thutmose III)
was only a baby. This was not the first time a
queen had governed on behalf of a child.
However, Hatshepsut took the step of calling
herself Pharaoh and Lord of two Lands. She took
the double crown and the crook and the flail –
the symbols of a pharaoh.
She was written about as ‘he’ and shown in
pictures and statues wearing a false beard.
Throughout her reign she developed trade to
other lands, and the skills of craftsmen and artists
flourished.
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We refer you to our warning at the foot of the block overview, about links to other websites
UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Zoser/Djoser (also called Netjerikhet)
2613 BCE (BC)
2686 –
King Zoser lived in the Third Dynasty which lasted
from 2686 BCE to 2613 BCE. This was the
beginning of the Old Kingdom. He was born in
2667 BCE and died in 2648 BCE.
Zoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara is thought to be
the first pyramid ever built in Egypt and the oldest
stone building still standing in Egypt. Before this
most tombs – mastabas, were made of sun-dried
mud bricks.
The architect of the pyramid was Imhotep, Zoser’s
vizir.
Cleopatra VII
51 – 30 BCE (BC)
Cleopatra was the last of the Ptolemaic Pharaohs,
before Egypt became a Roman province.
She fell in love with two Roman invaders: Julius
Caesar and Mark Antony after Caesar’s
assassination. In 31 BCE Octavius's (a son of Julius
Caesar) army defeated Mark Anthony at the
battle of Actium. Cleopatra and Mark Anthony
fled. Antony then committed suicide.
According to legend Cleopatra died of a bite by an
asp (snake) to avoid being captured by Octavius.
Khufu 2589-2566 BCE (BC)
Khufu was the second Pharaoh of the Fourth
Dynasty. He is also known as Cheops.
He organised several expeditions to find suitable
places for turquoise and copper mines.
His tomb is now known as The Great Pyramid at
Giza.
He possibly ordered the building of The Sphinx,
though many Egyptologists think it was Khafra,
one of his sons.
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We refer you to our warning at the foot of the block overview, about links to other websites
UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Khafra
2558 – 2532 BCE (BC)
Khafra built his own tomb at Giza - close to that
of his father, Khufu’s.
The pyramid complex is the most complete
example of such a complex to have survived.
From the pharaoh's huge temple at the base of
his pyramid, a long causeway runs down to his
valley temple. The granite-lined temple was once
adorned with 23 superb statues of the pharaoh
and Horus the falcon god.
He may have ordered the carving of the Sphinx.
Amenhotep I
1525 – 1504 BCE (BC)
His two older brothers died before their father,
so, he inherited the kingdom formed by the
military battles of his father, Ahmose I.
He continued to rebuild temples in Upper Egypt.
Thutmose III
1479 – 1425 BCE (BC)
Tuthmose III was a great military general. He was
the sixth Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.
He conducted 17 successful campaigns which
served him a position as the most successful
Pharaoh ever — in military terms. He extended
Egyptian territory and power considerably. The
new lands were put under control of kings and
chiefs, who paid high taxes to Egypt.
He was the step-son of Hatshepsut.
© Original resource copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users
We refer you to our warning at the foot of the block overview, about links to other websites
UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Ramesses III
1186 – 1155 BCE (BC)
Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the
Twentieth Dynasty.
He defended Egypt against invasions by Libyans
and The Sea Peoples.
The first recorded strike by workers occurred
during his reign, when food rations for royal
tomb-makers were restricted.
He is thought of as the last of the Great Pharaohs,
it was all downhill for Egypt after him!
Pepi II
2278 - 2184 BCE (BC)
Pepi II was younger than Tutankhamun when he
began his reign!
Tradition says that he reigned for 94 years and
therefore was 100 when he died, but other
sources state that his reign was much shorter.
(Statue of Pepi II on his mother’s knee.)
Amenemhat III 1860-1814 BCE (BC)
Amenemhat was revered as a generous king. His
reign is regarded as the golden age of The Middle
Kingdom.
His first tomb, the so-called Black Pyramid at
Dahshur, was abandoned because there were
construction problems. He then had a second
pyramid built at Hawara near Faiyum. It
contained some complex security features.
He (perhaps following on from his father) had a
canal built between The Fayum depression and
the Nile.
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We refer you to our warning at the foot of the block overview, about links to other websites
UKS2 Topic: Earliest Civilisations: Ancient Egyptians Block C: Pharaohs & Pyramids Session 2
Cities of Ancient Egypt
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