Download Founded in 1984, KDF® is a technological leader in the fluid

The KDF Process
Founded in 1984, KDF® is a technological leader in the fluid treatment industry.
Beginning with a U.S. patent for KDF® redox alloy media in 1987, the company
continues its technological innovation.
KDF® process media are high-purity copper-zinc formulations used in
pretreatment, primary treatment, and wastewater applications. KDF® media
supplement or replace existing technologies to dramatically extend system life,
reduce heavy metals, microorganisms, scale, lower total cost, and decrease
maintenance.
Patented KDF® process media are 100 percent recyclable and contain no
chemical additives. Hospitals, restaurants, municipal water treatment facilities, and
homes rely on KDF® process media to safely reduce or remove chlorine, iron,
hydrogen sulfide, heavy metals, and bacteria from their water.
H2O International Inc.
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FLUID TREATMENT, INC.
August 6, 1992
To the Industry:
RE: UNITED STATES E.P.A. RULES KDF® MEDIA, A "DEVICE"
This landmark decision confirms the patented KDF® media's ability to control
bacteria, fungus algae and through the natural process of "electrochemical
oxidation/reduction".
The E.P.A.'s KDF® device ruling will have a resounding global impact on the
fluid treatment industry. With the recognition of KDF® media's antimicrobial
properties, the KDF® media and KDF® / granulated activated carbon (GAC)
combination can be promoted and advertised to its full potential .
The KDF® media's established benefits, witch serve to extend and enhance the
ability of GAC to reduce organics, as well as the KDF® media's recyclability,
usher in a new standard for fluid treatment media. These benefits include:
reduction of heavy metals including lead, mercury, etc; reduction of hydrogen
sulfide and iron; plus unparalleled Chlorine reduction.
KDF Fluid Treatment, Inc. Would like to take this opportunity to express our
deepest appreciation to Primo L. Acernese and staff (Global Environmental
Technologies), project technical consultant; and Dr. John Wireman (Biological
Research Solutions), scientist and researcher; for their professional and
unwavering work on the E.P.A./ KDF® project.
This determination, together with the recent NSF International Official Listing for
Health Effects, will enable KDF Fluid Treatment, Inc. and its associates to pursue
and unlock the full potential of the KDF® discovery, its ramifications for the fluid
treatment industry and its ultimate contribution to science.
For further information, please call (800) 437 -2745
Sincerely
KDF FLUID TREATMENT, INC.
Don E. Heskett, President
H2O International Inc.
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KDF Process Media Leads in Chlorine Removal
High-purity copper-zinc redox media consistently remove 99% of free chlorine by
electrochemically reducing dissolved chlorine gas to water -soluble chloride ions.
- National clinical laboratory used KDF 55 media as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis
membranes for high-purity. System has been in operation for 9 years at 6,000 gallons
per day.
- Northeastern U.S. commercial laundry facility uses KDF 55 process media as a
pretreatment to ion exchange resins at 200 gpm (gallo ns per minute). The switch from
granular activated carbon (GAC) represented a major cost savings for the company.
- Major U.S. blue jean manufacturer uses KDF 55 media for pretreatment to ion
exchange systems at 600 gpm; 175 gpm also used for reclaiming plant's waste stream
from production.
- KDF process media are being used to complement or replace activated carbon filters,
removing the chlorine in municipal water. KDF media pretreatment of granular activated
carbon also extends the carbon's life and limits bacteria growth in the bed.
A typical chlorine redox reaction with KDF process media:
Zinc loses 2 electrons (Oxidation)
Chlorine gains 2 electrons (Reduction)
KDF Process Media Removes Iron
Redox media alloys function as catalysts to change soluble ferrous cations
(positively-charged ions) into insoluble ferric hydroxide, which can be removed with
regular backwashing. With enough oxygen dissolved in the water, iron removal rates
of 98 percent or better are common. (More information on how KDF process media
work.)
- Major municipal organization uses KDF 85 granules to effectively remove iron from
the ground water at 350 gpm (gallons per minute).
Examples of iron redox reactions with KDF process media.
H2O International Inc.
3
KDF Process Media Removes Hydrogen Sulfide
Typical redox reactions with KDF process media:
Copper loses 1 electron (oxidation). Sulfur gains 1 electron (reduction). Copper sulfide
is insoluble in water and can be backwashed off KDF 85 media. (More information on
how KDF process media work.)
Go Back
•
KDF 55 and 85 Metal Applications
Redox media remove up to 98% of water -soluble cations (positively-charged ions) of
lead, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, and other dissolved metals. (More information
on how KDF process media work.)
When filtered through KDF media, soluble lead cations are reduced to insoluble lead
atoms, which are electroplated onto the surface of the media. Other heavy metals bond
to the media and may be recovered when the exhausted media pass through a copper
smelter.
- New Jersey's Department of Environmental Protection and Energy uses KDF 55
redox alloy media in point-of-entry treatment systems (POET) to remove mercury in
residential applications. KDF media consistently reduce mercury from initial
concentrations of 13 ppb through 24 ppb (parts per billion) to concentration levels
below 0.5 ppb.
- Major U.S. circuit board manufacturer uses KDF media to remove 94.4% of lead in
the effluent water used to rinse off printed circuit board s. The water is now recycled in a
closed-loop rinse-down system, which saves the company approximately $10,000
each year.
•
A typical metal redox reaction with KDF process media:
Zinc loses 2 electrons (oxidation). Lead gains 2 electrons (reduction). Lead plates on
copper and replaces zinc which goes into solution as ion. Go Back
KDF Process Media Control Microorganism Growth
H2O International Inc.
4
KDF media are incorporated into carbon blocks and other matrices for bacteria control
and scale reduction. (More information on how KDF process media work.)
The oxidation/reduction potential (ORP) shift by a factor of -300mV or more for water
filtered through redox media controls microorganism growth. Treating water reduces
bacteria and other microorganisms by disrupting electron transport, causing cellular
damage. KDF process media also kill bacteria by direct electrochemical contact and by
the flash formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, both of which interfere
with a microorganism's ability to function.
- A major plastic injection molder uses KDF media to treat cooling water for a 60,000
sq. foot plant. Mineral hardness scale is virtually eliminated at about 25 percent of the
cost of chemicals, and none of the heat exchangers have been replaced. With chemical
treatments, scale continues to form in the cooling towers, causing damage to the heat
exchangers, which often results in expensive repairs. KDF redox alloy media provides
an effective, less costly alternative to chemical treatments.
- Major municipal cooling towers depend on KDF media to effectively control algae and
bacteria, without the use of chemicals harmful to the environment.
•
KDF Process Media Leads in Chlorine Removal
High-purity copper-zinc redox media consistently remove 99% of free chlorine by
electrochemically reducing dissolved chlorine gas to water -soluble chloride ions.
- National clinical laboratory used KDF 55 media as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis
membranes for high-purity. System has been in operation for 9 years at 6,000 gallons
per day.
- Northeastern U.S. commercial laundry facility uses KDF 55 process media as a
pretreatment to ion exchange resins at 200 gpm (gallons per minute). The switch from
granular activated carbon (GAC) represented a major cost savings for the company.
- Major U.S. blue jean manufacturer uses KDF 55 media for pretreatment to ion
exchange systems at 600 gpm; 175 gpm also used for reclaiming plant's waste stream
from production.
- KDF process media are being used to complement or replace activated carbon filters,
removing the chlorine in municipal water. KDF media pretreatment of granular activated
carbon also extends the carbon's life and limits bacteria growth in the bed.
•
A typical chlorine redox reaction with KDF process media:
H2O International Inc.
5
Zinc loses 2 electrons (Oxidation)
Chlorine gains 2 electrons (Reduction)
•
KDF Process Media Removes Iron
Redox media alloys function as catalysts to change soluble ferrous cations
(positively-charged ions) into insoluble ferric hydroxide, which can be removed with
regular backwashing. With enough oxygen dissolved in the water, iron removal rates
of 98 percent or better are common. (More information on how KDF process media
work.)
- Major municipal organization uses KDF 85 granules to effectively remove iron from
the ground water at 350 gpm (gallons per minute).
Examples of iron redox reactions with KDF process media.
•
KDF Process Media Removes Hydrogen Sulfide
Typical redox reactions with KDF process media:
Copper loses 1 electron (oxidation). Sulfur gains 1 electron (reduction). Copper sulfide
is insoluble in water and can be backwashed off KDF 85 media. (More information on
how KDF process media work.)
•
KDF 55 and 85 Metal Applications
Redox media remove up to 98% of water -soluble cations (positively-charged ions) of
lead, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, and other dissolved metals. (More information
on how KDF process media work.)
When filtered through KDF media, soluble lead cations are reduced to insoluble lead
atoms, which are electroplated onto the surface of the media. Other heavy metals bond
to the media and may be recovered when the exhausted media pass through a copper
smelter.
- New Jersey's Department of Environmental Protection and Energy uses KDF 55
redox alloy media in point-of-entry treatment systems (POET) to remove mercury in
residential applications. KDF media consistently reduce mercury from initial
concentrations of 13 ppb through 24 ppb (parts per billion) to concentration levels
below 0.5 ppb.
H2O International Inc.
6
- Major U.S. circuit board manufacturer uses KDF media to remove 94.4% of lead in
the effluent water used to rinse off printed circuit boards. The water is now recycled i n a
closed-loop rinse-down system, which saves the company approximately $10,000
each year.
•
A typical metal redox reaction with KDF process media:
Zinc loses 2 electrons (oxidation). Lead gains 2 electrons (reduction). Lead plates on
copper and replaces zinc which goes into solution as ion.
•
KDF Process Media Control Microorganism Growth
KDF media are incorporated into carbon blocks and other matrices for bacteria control
and scale reduction. (More information on how KDF process media work.)
The oxidation/reduction potential (ORP) shift by a factor of -300mV or more for water
filtered through redox media controls microorganism growth. Treatin g water reduces
bacteria and other microorganisms by disrupting electron transport, causing cellular
damage. KDF process media also kill bacteria by direct electrochemical contact and by
the flash formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, both of which interfere
with a microorganism's ability to function.
- A major plastic injection molder uses KDF media to treat cooling water for a 60,000
sq. foot plant. Mineral hardness scale is virtually eliminated at about 25 percent of the
cost of chemicals, and none of the heat exchangers have been replaced. With chemical
treatments, scale continues to form in the cooling towers, causing damage t o the heat
exchangers, which often results in expensive repairs. KDF redox alloy media provides
an effective, less costly alternative to chemical treatments.
- Major municipal cooling towers depend on KDF media to effectively control algae and
bacteria, without the use of chemicals harmful to the environment.
H2O International Inc.
7