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Oxidative Phosphorylation mitochondria (stained green), form a network inside a fibroblast cell. Mitochondria oxidize C fuel to form cellular energy in form of ATP. • Oxidative phosphorylation: formation of ATP as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 • - coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. • - culmination of a series of energy transformation (cellular respiration); generates 26 of 30 ATP/glucose oxidation to CO2 Oxidative phosphorylation couples the oxidation of C fuels to ATP synthesis with a H gradient • Oxidation and ATP synthesis coupled by transmembrane proton fluxes Oxidative Phosphorylation in Eukaryotes Occurs in Mitochondria • Mitochondria contain: respiratory assembly, enzymes of the citric acid cycle, and enzymes of fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondria are the result of an endosymbiotic event •Sizes of mitochondrial genomes: red for genes with known function •Rickettsia: relative of presumed ancestor of all mitochondria Oxidative phosphorylation depends on electron transfer High energy electrons: redox potentials and free-energy changes • Electron transfer potential of NADH is converted into phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. • Electron transfer potential : Reduction potential, redox potential, oxidation reduction potential. •The reduction potential of the X: X- couple (redox couple) is the observed voltage at the start of the experiment. •Measurement of redox potential: e, but not X or X-, can flow through the agar bridge. • Apparatus for measurement of the standard oxidation-reduction potential of a redox couple