Download Part Five The European Moment in World History 1750–1914

PART FIVE
THE EUROPEAN MOMENT IN
WORLD HISTORY
1750–1914
A. Europe’s new power included the ability to
center human history and geography on Europe.
• 1. Europe was placed at the center of the
world on maps
• 2. Europe was regarded as a continent in its
own right
• 3. the rest of the world was defined in terms
of distance from Europe (e.g., the Far East)
• 4. longitude was measured from the “prime
meridian,” running through Greenwich,
England
Growth of
Eurocentric
Thought
Types and Development of
Man, 1904
Western Civilization, the cradle
of morality and education;
bringing light into the world in
the presence of darkness. In
Status and achievement we
have:
1. The Anglo-American and
European peoples.
2. The Burly Russian
3. The Japanese
4. The Hindu
5. The Turk
6. The Chinese
7. The Arab
8. The Indian
9. The Negro
10. The Ainu
11. The Bushman
12. The Neanderthal
•
•
•
•
B. History textbooks were Eurocentric.
1. non-European peoples were regarded as
static and unchanging
2. general view that “backward” peoples
must either Europeanize or go extinct
3. Eurocentrism wasn’t really challenged until
around 1950
The discipline of world history emerged after
World War II with a goal of counteracting
Eurocentrism.
Countering Eurocentrism—five answers to the
problem of European centrality
• 1. We need to remind ourselves how recent the European
moment in world history has been.
• 2. Europe rose to dominance within an international
context.
•
a.
only the withdrawal of the Chinese fleet allowed
European domination of the Indian Ocean (sixteenth century)
•
b.
disease and internal divisions of Native Americans
made the European takeover of the Americas possible
•
c.
the Scientific Revolution drew on Islamic science
and information from around the world
•
d.
the Industrial Revolution benefited from New
World resources and markets
•
e.
local elites cooperated in European domination
Countering Eurocentrism—five answers to the
problem of European centrality
• 3. Europe’s rise to global dominance was not easy or
automatic.
• 4. Peoples of the world used Europeans and their
ideas for their own purposes.
•
a.
adaptation of borrowings to local
circumstances
•
b.
encounters between culturally different
peoples are the most interesting stories of
modern world history
• 5. Europeans were not the only game in town—
Asians, Africans, and Middle Easterners had other
concerns, too.
CHAPTER 17
Atlantic Revolutions and Their
Echoes
1750–1914
Why do people revolt?
• Why do revolts rarely happen in democracies?
Chapter 17
What Revolution was the most
Revolutionary?
American Revolution
• Tea, Taxes, and The American Revolution:
Crash Course World History #28 – YouTube
• Topics to ponder during the video:
• Cause/Effects of Revolution
• Whose ideas influenced the American
revolution?
• What was revolutionary about the American
Revolution, and what was not?
What were the causes
Lack of political representation and high taxation
of things such as Stamps, Paper, and Tea led to
revolt.
Tea time in China – YouTube
America the Story of Us: Declaration of Independence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb7MI8NQLoo#t=71
The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism: Crash Course US History #8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8#t=340
Q.
In what ways did the ideas of the Enlightenment
contribute to the Atlantic revolutions?
• The Enlightenment promoted the idea that human
political and social arrangements could be engineered,
and improved, by human action.
• New ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious
tolerance, republicanism, human rationality, popular
sovereignty, natural rights, the consent of the
governed, and social contracts developed during the
Enlightenment, providing the intellectual
underpinnings of the Atlantic revolutions.
• What nations enlightenment philosophers influenced
us the most; England or France?
• England (John Locke and Adam Smith; much less
radical than the French)
Q.
What was revolutionary about the American
Revolution, and what was not?
• The American Revolution was revolutionary in
that it marked a decisive political change; the
end of the monarchy.
• Eliminated Nobility
• Women were given ability to own and inherit
property.
• Americans viewed themselves as equal to
each other.
•
The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism: Crash Course US History #8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8#t=340
What was not revolutionary about the American
Revolution?
• It was not revolutionary in that it sought to
preserve the existing liberties of the colonies.
• Rich White Men ruled before and continued to
rule after the American Revolution.
• Not all men were truly created equal as
Jefferson wrote. (slavery)
How the 13 colonies expanded and revolutionized North
America in 75 years
A Revolutionary Recession Reading
• What does Ronald W. Michener say caused
the American Revolution?
• Economic Conditions:
• A downturn in the economy caused anger
(loss of land, homes, and jobs) which was
made worse by British Tax Policy
• Too Late To Apologize A Declaration With
Lyrics
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_56cZG
RMx4
French Revolution
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEq_lAx
3ssE The French Revolution [Documentary]
[History Channel]
•
The French Revolution: Crash Course World History #29 – YouTube
• Cause/ Effects
• What was revolutionary about the French
Revolution, and what was not?
• How did the French Revolution differ from the
American Revolution?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfgSEwjAe
no John Oliver Wealth Gap
What was revolutionary about the
French Revolution, and what was not?
• Revolutionary because you saw a complete
change in traditional society; from elimination of
estates, execution of a king, spread of ideas of
liberty and equality, growth of nationalism
through out Europe.
• Development of the Guillotine: The idea of the
death penalty as a humane way of ending a life
and not as a form of torture.
•
The Guillotine Coroners Report https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi6TTn35BrY
Not Revolutionary because you
saw the
• elimination of an absolute monarch (King
Louis XVI) for an absolute Emperor (Napoleon)
Q.
•
•
•
•
•
How did the French Revolution differ from the American
Revolution?
While the American Revolution expressed the tensions of a
colonial relationship with a distant imperial power, the French
insurrection was driven by sharp conflicts within French society.
The French Revolution, especially during its first five years, was a
much more violent, far-reaching, and radical movement than its
American counterpart.
The French revolutionaries perceived themselves as starting from
scratch in recreating the social order, while the Americans sought
to restore or build upon earlier freedoms.
Unlike the American Revolution, the French Revolution led to
efforts to create a wholly new society, symbolized by such things
as a new calendar, a new administrative system, and new street
names.
The French Revolution also differed from the American Revolution
in the way that its influence spread. At least until the United States
became a world power at the end of the nineteenth century, what
inspired others was primarily the example of its revolution and its
constitution. French influence, by contrast, spread primarily
through conquest.
• The French Revolution ("Bad Romance" by
Lady Gaga)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt
0yqo
• http://jeopardylabs.com/play/chapter-17american-and-french-revolutions
Haitian Revolution
The Enlightenment didn't just affect the
United States and the French. The next
place inspired by all three
(Enlightenment, USA, France) was
probably the last place anyone would
expect a revolution. Before there was
Hidalgo; before there was Bolivar;
there was Toussaint. For France's
greatest general to be defeated by a
slave from France's most valuable
colony was unlikely. And, it took an
unlikely hero lead this revolution.
• Haitian Revolutions: Crash Course World History #30 – YouTube
• Cause/ Effects
• What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution in history?
What were the causes of the
Haitian Revolution
• Ideas of Enlightenment and French Revolution
(liberty, equality, and fraternity), and the
successful overthrow of the monarch during
the American Revolution.
• Slaves made up nearly 90% of SaintDomingue's population
Q.
What was distinctive about the Haitian
Revolution, both in world history generally and in the
history of Atlantic revolutions?
•
Its key distinctive feature in both world
history and the history of Atlantic revolutions
was that it was the only completely successful
slave revolt.
Latin American Revolutions
• Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course
World History #31 – YouTube
• Cause/ Effects
• How was Spanish American revolutions
shaped by the American, French, and Haitian
revolutions that happened earlier?
• An Idiot Abroad Mexico - Cowboys - YouTube
Q.
How were the Spanish American revolutions
shaped by the American, French, and Haitian
revolutions that happened earlier?
• Napoleon conquered Spain and Portugal, deposing
the monarchs who ruled over Latin America and
forcing Latin Americans to take action.
• Enlightenment ideas that had inspired earlier
revolutions also inspired the revolutions in Latin
America.
• The violence of the French and Haitian revolutions
was a lesson to Latin American elites that political
change could easily get out of hand and was fraught
with danger.
Q.
What accounts for the end of Atlantic slavery
during the nineteenth century?
• Enlightenment thinkers in eighteenth-century Europe
had become increasingly critical of slavery as a
violation of the natural rights of every person, and
the public pronouncements of the American and
French revolutions about liberty and equality
likewise focused attention on this obvious breach of
those principles.
•
Some Christians in Britain and the United States
felt that slavery was incompatible with their religious
beliefs.
•
There was a growing belief that slavery was not
essential for economic progress.
What accounts for the end of Atlantic slavery
during the nineteenth century?
• The actions of slaves, including the successful
slave rebellion in Haiti and unsuccessful
rebellions elsewhere, hastened the end of
slavery by making slavery appear politically
unwise.
• Abolitionist movements brought growing
pressure on governments to close down the
trade in slaves and then to ban slavery itself.
Q. How did the end of slavery affect
the lives of the former slaves?
• In most cases, the economic lives of the
former slaves did not improve dramatically.
• Outside of Haiti, newly freed people did not
achieve anything close to political equality.
• The greatest change was that former slaves
were now legally free.
Q. What accounts for the growth of
nationalism as a powerful political and personal
identity in the nineteenth century?
• The Atlantic revolutions declared that sovereignty lay with the
people.
• Increasingly, populations saw themselves as citizens of a
nation, deeply bound to their fellows by ties of blood, culture,
or common experience.
• Nationalism was often presented as a reawakening of older
linguistic or cultural identities and certainly drew upon songs,
dances, folktales, historical experiences, and collective
memories of earlier cultures.
• Governments throughout the Western world claimed to act
on behalf of their nations and deliberately sought to instill
national loyalties in their citizens through schools, public
rituals, the mass media, and military service.
•
•
•
•
Dodgers boost security after Giants fan attacked – YouTube
YouTube - Vice - Rangers v Celtic Pt1
Old Men Brawl Over 50-Year-Old Football Rivalry - YouTube
(salty language, but good)
Q.
What were the achievements and limitations of
nineteenth-century feminism?
• The achievements of the women’s movement include the
admission of small numbers of women to universities and
growing literacy rates among women overall.
• In the United States, a number of states passed legislation
allowing women to manage and control their own property
and wages, separate from their husbands.
• Divorce laws were liberalized in some places.
• Professions such as medicine opened to a few women while
teaching beckoned to many more.
• Nursing was professionalized in Britain and attracted
thousands of women into it, and social work, soon to be
another female-dominated profession, took shape in the
United States.
• As far as limitations, aside from New Zealand,
women failed to secure the right to vote in the
nineteenth century.
• Nowhere did nineteenth-century feminism
have really revolutionary consequences.
• What event in the early 20th Century is going
to coincide with women get the right to vote
in the U.S. and much of Europe?
• World War I
Unit 17 Jeopardy
• http://jeopardylabs.com/play/chapter-17american-and-french-revolutions
• https://jeopardylabs.com/play/chapter-17round-2
Pop a Caption in this!
• I will show you an image and your group will
then write a caption for this picture. The team
who most creatively captions the picture with
a blend of history and wit will get 1000 points
added to the score.
• In groups, you will create a persuasive
PowerPoint presentation that addresses the
following for your assigned Revolution:
• Causes (short and long term)
• Effects (short and long term)
• Reasons why your revolution was more
revolutionary than the others. Be sure to
address the other 3 revolutions.
• Topics/Revolutions:
• 1. North American
2. French
• 3. Haitian
4. Spanish American
Grading Rubric
Causes
Short Term
Long Term
0
0
1
1
2
2
Short Term
Long Term
0
0
1
1
2
2
Effects
Reasons why your Revolution is the most Revolutionary (addresses other 3)
0
1
2
3
4
Presentation (Creative, Persuasive, Shows Effort)
0
1
2
3
4
16 = A+ = 98-100
15= A = 95-97
14= A- = 92-94
12 = B = 86-88
13= B+ = 89-91
11= B- = 83-85
10 = C+ = 8082
9 = C = 77-79
8= C- = 74-76
6 = D = 68-70
7 = D+ = 71-73
5 = D- = 65-67
4-0 = F = 64 &
below
Will Count as a double classwork grade. Plus….
• 1st place group will get 5 points added to their
Unit 4 Test.
• 2nd place team will get 3 points added to their
Unit 4 Test.
• 3rd place will get 2 points added to their Unit 4
Test.