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Pronalen Citrus
Citrus sp.
Fruit.
Naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin.
Flavonoids have a natural antioxidant action wich can be used in cosmetics. They are powerful free
radical scavengers, giving rise to an anti-aging action which gets strengthened by the cellular membrane
stabilizing action. There is also an anti-tyrosinase action. They also cause a decrease on capillary
permeability with anti-inflammatory and anti-oedema effects.
PRONALEN CITRUS HSC
(Cod. 82100)
Standardized glycolic extract.
Titred 7.0-11.0 % flavonoids expressed as naringin.
PRONALEN CITRUS SPE
(Cod. 82110)
Dry standardized extract.
Titred 56.0-65.0 flavonoids expressed as naringin.
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Exclusive N.A. Distributor
CENTERCHEM, INC. NORWALK, CT
Ph: 203-822-9800 Fax: 203-822-9820
www.centerchem.com
BOTANY AND CHEMISTRY
The Citrus genus comprises various species of small trees originally from Asia and now widely grown
around the Mediterranean and in other warm areas. Their leaves are single, and the flowers white with 5
joined sepals and 5 petals. The fruit is a berry that receives its colour from carotenoid pigments. The fruit
of the trees is used as food and also industrially to extract the essential oil and flavonoids.
Glucides stand out in the composition of citrus (glucose, fructose, sucrose), as well as pectin, essential oil,
organic acids (citric acid and malic acid), vitamins (vitamin C) and flavone heterosides. These flavonoids
belong to the group of flavanones and their structures appear in figure 1.
COSMETIC PROPERTIES
The flavonoids have a polyphenolic chemical structure with several -OH groups replacing different
positions with their central rings. This structure gives them great ability as antioxidants differing in quantity
for each specific molecule depending on their degree of hydroxilation. This is the reason for their
physiological action in the human body.
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It has been shown that the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids works through a mechanism which
neutralises free radicals and inhibits radicalary reactions, which are the main cause of ageing. Recently, a
type of anti-radicalary activity has been proposed for the flavonoids (figure 2), according to which, they act
as hydrogen donors, neutralising the hydroxyl radicals, inhibiting the oxidation of the lipids at their initiation
and also neutralising those which act as the peroxide radicals with which they propagate.
The favonoids act in the metabolic route of arachidonic acid, inhibiting several enzymes that intervene
decisively in unleashing inflammatory processes. This action is due to the inhibition of the biosynthesis of
the prostaglandins, acting on the cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase enzymes. This makes them powerful
anti-inflammatory products with the same active mechanism as acetylsalicylic acid.
In blood vessels, the inhibition of the synthesis of the mediators in the increase in capillary permeability
(LTB4, LTC4 and LTD4) may be the explanation for the fact that citrus decreases the permeability of the
capillaries and increases their resistance (properties of vitamin P).
The incorporation of Pronalen Citrus in cosmetic products provides them with specific properties:
Free radical scavenger
The free radical scavenger action of the flavonoids has been widely demonstrated. This quality makes the
product very useful in anti-ageing products.
Cellular membrane protector
The integrity of the cellular membrane and its biological properties (permeability, active transportation,
inhibition of contact, enzymatic reactions ...) is determined by the functional state of its lipids, and
particularly by the state of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. As the flavonoids prevent the oxidation of these
PUFAs, they stabilise the cellular membrane. This justifies their use in cosmetics intended to combat
wrinkles and the ageing process.
UV protector
The indexes of UV absorption of the flavonoids make their use suitable in anti-sun preparations, not as
substitutes for the classical sun filters, but rather as a way to increase the protection factor (SPF).
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Depigmentation
The polyphenolic structure and antioxidant ability inhibit the formation of melanin. If applied on the surface
of hyperpigmented areas together with sun filters, the intensity of the spots is gradually decreased.
Regulator of permeability and capillary fragility
As they intervene in the metabolic route of the protaglandins, they cause a reduction in capillary
permeability and increase hair resistance and elasticity. This is the reason for their good qualities in the
external treatment of several such common cutaneous disorders as couperosis, rosacea and
telangiectasia.
Anti-inflammatory
They have a marked anti-inflammatory, anti-phlogistic and anti-dermatose action, which justifies their use
in soothing preparations and for irritated skin (after-sun, make up removers, children’s products, aftershaves).
Anti-cellulite
As they strengthen the blood vessels and reduce capillary permeability, they enormously activate
cutaneous microcirculation in treated areas and help the reabsorption of excessive extra-cellular fluid. In
this sense, citrus complements the action of other active principles (derivatives of caffeine, mainly) and
achieve a gradual overall improvement in cellulitis.
RECOMMENDED DOSE
PRONALEN CITRUS HSC
PRONALEN CITRUS SPE
2.0 - 3.0 %
0.4 - 0.5 %
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wagner, Bladt, Zgainskin. Plant Drug Analysis. Springer-Verlag, N.Y., 1984.
Ebel, Roth. Lexikon der Pharmazie. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1987.
Wichtl. Teedrogen. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1984.
Cillard, Cillard. Composés phénoliques et radicaux libres. S.T.P. Pharma, 4 (7), 592-596, 1988.
Alcaraz, Ferrandiz. Modification of arachidonic metabolism by flavonoids. J. Ethnopharmacol, 21 (3), 20929, 1987.
Fiebrich, Koch. Silymarin, an inhibitor of lipoxygenase. Experientia, 35 (2), 1548-1552, 1979.
Erleman. Eficacia de las vitaminas en los productos cosméticos. Hoffman - La Roche & Co., Comnun.,
1987.
Arturson, Jonsson. Stimulation and inhibition of biosynthesis of prostaglandis in human skin by some
hydroxyethylated rutosides. Prostaglandins 10, 941-948, 1975.
Das, Ratty. Effects of flavonoids on induced non-enzymic lipid peroxidation. Progress in Clin. Biol.
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