Download Cellular respiration Review: 1. Why is ATP the “energy currency” of

Cellular respiration Review:
1. Why is ATP the “energy currency” of the cell? It can be used (spent) and earned over and over again
like $ can be!
2. Why is ATP so unstable? The 3 like inorganic phosphate groups all have the same charge and so do
not want to be that close!
3. If ATP is so unstable, then doesn’t that make it a bad choice for energy storage? Because it’s
reactivity does not harm the cell! No harmful life by-products are made during the hydrolysis of the
molecule.
4. Draw and label a basic ATP.
5. True or False: The main idea of cellular respiration is that energy found in the electrons from the
food we eat can be transferred through a series of “step- down” redox reactions to eventually be
used to join ATP +Pi yielding ATP. False, we join ADP + P1.
6. Complete the following table:
Reaction Name Location
Oxygen
Goal(s)
Products
Cost(s)
required?
Cytosol
Nope
Degrade
NADH, PGAL,
2 ATP
Glycolysis
glucose
Pyruvate, ADP,
ATP
Matrix of
Yep
Collect H’s and NADH, FADH2, Nada
Citric Acid Cycle mitochondria
remove waste
CO2, Coenzyme A,
Oxaloacetate
(see below)
ETC
Across cristae
Yes ma’am
Make ATP
NAD, FAD, ATP, Zippo
folds
H2O, H2O2
7. What is the difference between chemiosmosis and ETC? Nothing
8. What is a “proton motive force”? It’s a gradient created by “stock piling” (with sitters) hydrogen
with their electrons removed and using that movement from H—>L concentration as the H+ reseeks out its electron.
9. What are the 2 types/ levels of ATP creation? Star the one that requires MORE energy to do.
Substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation *
10. What term means to ‘add a phosphate” to something? Phosphorylate (process = phosphorylation)
11. Using glycolysis, give a specific example of energy coupling. Breaking glucose to build ATP
12. If pyruvate has 3 carbons, oxaloacetate has 4 carbons and citric acid has 6 carbons (Co-enzyme A
has a ton of them, 21, but is not relevant here) what does that tell you must happen between the
last compound made (oxa, for short)? (see diagram below) We lost a C to CO2
13. Why do I say that the number of carbons in co-enzyme a, (Co-A for short) is not relevant? (Hint,
think about enzymes) Because we do not degrade and or change an enzyme in a reaction. It starts
and stops with the same chemical formula. It has 21 carbons BTW. (Free fun fact!)
14. Complete this sentence: Breaking _Food____ bonds in _Glucose___ to create chemical bonds in
______ATP___ is the ultimate goal of cellular respiration.
15. Using the diagram below and your knowledge, put these compounds in order they are produced:
Pyruvate, Co-A, Oxaloacetate, Acetyl-Co A, Citric Acid, PGAL, and Glucose.
Glucose, PGAL, Pyruvate, Co-A, Acetyl Co-A, Oxaloacetate, Citric Acid
16. Write the formula for the more expensive, but efficient carrier when it is reduced. FADH
17. What is the difference between a compound/molecule that has been oxidized and one that has
been reduced? Oxidized= an electron is lost or removed, Reduced= electron gained
18. List any/all waste products of cellular respiration. CO2 and H2O2
19. How are the items you identified above dealt with? CO2 is exhaled and Peroxisomes produce
catalase to degrade H2O2 into H20 and O2
20. What evidence is there to confirm that we are aerobic creatures in our cell processes? We produce
CO2 using the help of O2 levels in the cell. (And pH…more on this later!)
21. Using the diagram below to help you, what is another name for citrate? Citric Acid
22. Based on what you said above, what is another name for pyruvic acid? Pyruvate
23. Again, check out that fabulous diagram below and give me the name of any ONE enzyme used in
this stage of cellular respiration. Anything ending in “ase” will work!
24. Why is FAD “better” than NAD? (Be specific) It can carry 2 H’s
25. So why don’t we just use it then? It’s more energy intensive (takes more ATP) to make.
26. Notice “GTP” provide a logical answer for what you think that is. Guanine Triphosphate. Mind
blown! This is an ancestral form of energy!
27. Write out (seriously) ALL questions you have! We will address them before lab on Monday!