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Transcript 
Brock
Biology of Microorganisms
11th edition
ISBN 0-13-196893-9
Prentice Hall
8th Edition: Zusammenfassung der
Kapitel: http://cwx.prenhall.com/brock/
11th Edition ?Folien? US $ 16,90:
http://www.aw-bc.com/brock/
Growth of bacteria
-> large surface
-> high turnover
Cell division
Cell counting
Total cell count
Total cell count
Viable cell count
Nutrients required for growth of
microorganisms
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Macronutriens: C/N/P/S/H/K/Mg/Ca/Na/Fe
Micronutrients: Trace elements:
Na
Temperature
pH
Salt
Oxygen supply
Water activity (Humidity)
Nutrition and Metabolism of Microorganisms
Principles of Metabolism:
Reduction potentials
The Electron Tower
NAD as a Redox
Electron Carrier
!freely diffusible)
Used for energy generating reactions
(catabolic)
Nicotinamid-adenine-dinucleotide
Used for biosynthetic reactions
(anabolic)
NAD/NADH Cycling
Energy-rich compounds
Energy conservation in fermentation and respiration
ATP synthesized
during steps in Catabolism
ATP synthesized at the
expense of proton motive force
Glycolysis
Emden Meyerhof pathway
Respiration
Vinegar production: Acetobacter /Gluconobacter
Anoxic sewage digestion
Aerobic respiration: The citric acid cycle
Fatty acids
Amino-acids
Electron transport, proton motive force, and ATP synthesis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transport: pH gradient and electrochemical potential =
proton motive force > energized membrane > drives ATP synthesis
chemiosmosis
Classification in terms of energy
Aerobic respiration
(Chemotrophs)
Glycolysis
TCA cycle
Ammonia
oxidation
Nitrosomonas
Nitrite
oxidation
Nitrobacter
Calvin cycle
Chemolitotrophic metabolism
Phototrophic metabolism
Ribulose
Bisphosphate
Carboxylase
Classification in terms of e-acceptor
Abiotic parameters affecting growth of microorganisms
Parameters that affect growth of
microorganisms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Macronutriens: C /N /P /S/ K/Mg/Ca/Na/Fe
Micronutrients: Trace elements
Temperature
pH
Salt (Osmolarity)
Oxygen supply
Water activity (Humidity)
Temperature classes of
microorganisms
ph and growth
Salt and growth
Hypersaline habitats and bacteriorhodopsin
Oxygen and growth
Generating anoxic conditions
ps/pwater
Microbial growth control
Heat sterilization
Pasteurization
Ionizing radiation
Filtration
Chemical growth control
Desinfectants
The autoclave
Radiation
Filters
Antimicrobials
Measuring
antimicrobial activity
for external use
Targets of antibiotics
Commonly used antibiotics
Translation
Translation
Cell wall synthesis
Sensitivity towards antibiotics
Antibiotic resistance
Nosocomial Infections
Appearance of multi-drug
resistant pathogens
* Untreatable with conv. antibiotics
Antimicrobial drug-resistance
Mechanisms: Drug uptake / efflux
Drug modification
Drug-inactivation
Alteration of drug target
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