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經濟學第一冊 GDBV1-1 頁數 P34 題目 A 12. A demand function for air conditioners is given by: QD air conditioner=10,000-2P air conditioner+0.0004income+30P electric fan-4P electricity At current average prices, an air conditioner costs 5,000 yen, a fan costs 200 yen, and electricity costs 1,000 yen. Average income is 4,000,000 yen. The income elasticity of demand for air conditioners is closest to:(A)0.0004. (B)3,600. (C)40,000. 解答 此題主要傳達彈性與斜率的關係。因而,其近似值是 0.0004。 Substituting current values for the independent variables other than income, the demand function becomes: QD air conditioner=10,000-2(5,000)+0.04+30(200)-4(1000) =0.004income+2,000 The slope of income is 0.0004, and for an income of 4,000,000yen, QD=3,600. 頁數 P35 題目 A 16. According to the “invisible hand” principle, which of the following statements is least accurate?(A)Efficient allocation of productive resources occurs through competition. (B)The authority of the state, although not seen, must always be present in the market. (C)Producers serve society’s interest by serving their own self-interest. 解答 不好意思,正確答案是 B,而非 A。 頁數 P35 題目 A 17. Assuming equal expected penalties to buyers and sellers in the market for an illegal good, which of the following most accurately describes respective equilibrium price and quantity relative to the market for a legal good?(A)Same; lower. (B)Higher; lower. (C)Same; higher. 解答 With an equal penalty to buyers and sellers, the vertical shift in both the supply and demand curve offset each other, and the price for the illegal good remains the same. The equilibrium quantity, however, is less than that for the legal good. 頁數 P51 題目 C 4. When the price of a good decreases, and an individual’s consumption of that good also decreases, it is most likely that the:(A)income effect and substitution effect are both negative. (B)substitution effect is negative and the income effect is positive. (C)income effect is negative and the substitution effect is positive. 三 民 專 業 輔 考 機 構 0 學員問題解答 解答 The substitution effect of price decrease is always positive, but the income effect can be either positive or negative. Consumption of a good will decrease when the price of that good decreases only if the income effect is both negative and greater than the substitution effect. 頁數 P51 題目 C 5. If widgets are a Giffen good, which of the following describes the effect of a price decrease in widgets? Quantity demanded will most likely:(A)increase in accordance with the law of demand. (B)decrease because a lower price makes a Giffen good less desirable. (C)decrease because the income effect will more than offset the substitution effect. 解答 Giffen goods are an inferior good for which the income effect is greater than the substitution effect, so that when the price decreases, quantity demanded will also decrease. Goods that are perceived as less desirable when price decreases are called Vablen goods. 頁數 P117 題目 B 10 Consider a firm in an oligopoly market that believes the demand curve for its . product is more elastic above a certain price than below this price. This belief fits most closely to which of the following models?(A)Dominant firm model. (B)Kinked demand model. (C)Cournot model. 解答 The kinked demand model assumes that each firm in a market belives that at some price, demand is more elastic for a price increase than for a price decrease. 追求卓越 永遠領先 1 經濟學第二冊 GDBV1-2 頁數 P25 題目 B 8. If a government budget deficit increases, net exports must:(A)increase, or the excess of private saving over private investment must decrease. (B)decrease, or the excess of private saving over private investment must increase. (C)decrease, or the excess of private saving over private investment must decrease. The fundamental relationship among saving, investment, the fiscal balance, and the 解答 trade balance is described by the following equation:(G-T)=(S-I)-(X-M). If the government budget deficit (G-T) increases, the larger budget deficit must be financed by some combination of an increases in the excess of private saving over private investment (S-I) or a decrease in net exports (X-M). 頁數 P25 題目 B 12 A stronger domestic currency relative to foreign currencies is most likely to . result in a:(A)shift in the aggregate supply curve toward lower supply. (B)shiftin the aggregate demand curve toward lower demand. (C)movement along the aggregate demand curve towards higher prices. Strengthening of the domestic currency should cause exports to decrease and 解答 imports to increase, causing the AD curve to shift to the left (lower demand). At the same time, the cost of raw material inputs should decrease in domestic currency terms, causing the SRAS curve to shift to the right (greater supply). Changes in the price level cause movement along the AD and AS curves; in this case, any shifts along these curves will be towards lower prices. 頁數 P38 題目 A 7. Which of the following is least likely to reduce substitution bias in a consumer price index?(A)Adjust for the bias directly using hedonic pricing. (B)Use a Paasche index. (C)Use a chained index. 解答 Adopting a chained price index method addresses substitution bias, as does using a paasche index. Hedonic pricing adjusts for improvements in the quality of products over time, not substritution bias. 三 民 專 業 輔 考 機 構 2 學員問題解答 頁數 P38 題目 C 8. In which of the following inflation scenarios does short-run aggregate supply decrease due to increasing wage demands?(A)Cost-push inflation. (B)Demand-pull inflation. (C)Both cost-push and demand-pull inflation. 解答 頁數 P38 題目 A 9. The consumer price index for services is classified as a:(A)lagging indicator. (B)leading indicator. (C)coincident indicator. 解答 消費者物價指數是一種落後指標 lagging indicator。 頁數 P38 題目 A 10 The most recent economic indicators show a decrease in the unemployment . rate, an increase in personal income, and a decrease in building permits. Which phase of the business cycle is most consistent with these changes?(A)Peak. (B)Trough. (C)Contraction. 解答 Declining building permits (a leading indicator) indicate a potential contraction. Increasing personal income (a coincident indicator) and a decreasing unemployment rate (a lagging indicator) suggest the economy has been in an expansion phase. This combination of indicators is consistent with a peak in the business cycle. 頁數 P57 題目 C 9. Sales in the retail sector have been sluggish, and consumer confidence has recently declined, indicating fewer planned purchases. In response, the president sends an expansionary government spending plan to the legislature. The plan is submitted on March 30, and the legislature refines and approves the terms of the spending plan on June 30. What type of fiscal plan is being considered, and what type of delay did the plan experience between March 30 and June 30? Fiscal plan Type of lag (A) Discretionary Recognition (B) Automatic Action (C) Discretionary Action The expansionary plan initiated by the president and approved by the legislature is 解答 an example of discretionary fiscal policy. The lag from the time of the submission (March 30) through time of the vote (June 30) is known as action lag. It took the legislature three months to write and pass the necessary laws. 追求卓越 永遠領先 3 頁數 P57 題目 C 10 A government is concerned about the timing of the impact of fiscal policy . changes and is considering requiring the compilation and reporting of economic statistics weekly, rather than quarterly. The new reporting frequency is intended to decrease the:(A)impact lag. (B)action lag. (C)recognition lag. 解答 impact lag:影響落後 action lag:行動落後 recognition lag:認知落後 more frequent and current economic data would make it easier for authorities to monitor the economy and to recognize problems. The reduction in the time between economic reports should reduce the recognition lag. 頁數 P58 題目 C 18 In the presence of tight monetary policy and loose fiscal policy, the most . likely effect on interest rates and the private sector share in GDP are: Interest rates Share of private sector (A) lower lower (B) higher higher (C) higher lower 解答 Tight monetary policy and loose fiscal policy lead to higher interest rates. Tight monetary policy decreases private sector growth, while loose fiscal policy expands the public sector, reduction the overall share of private sector in the GDP. 頁數 P90 題目 A 5. The least likely result of import quotas and voluntary export restraints is:(A)increased revenue for the government. (B)a decrease in the quantity of imports of the product. (C)a shift in production toward higher-cost suppliers. Import quotas and voluntary export restraints, unlike tariffs, do not necessarily 解答 generate tax revenue. The other choices describe effects that result from tariffs, quotas, and VERs. 三 民 專 業 輔 考 機 構 4 學員問題解答 頁數 P102 題目 A 2. Sell-side participants in the foreign exchange market are most likely to include:(A)banks. (B)hedge funds. (C)insurance companies. 解答 追求卓越 永遠領先 5 頁數 P103 題目 C 12. The monetary authority of The Stoddard Islands will exchange its currency for U.S. dollars at a one-for-one ratio. As a result, the exchange rate of the Stoddard Islands currency with the U.S. dollar is 1.00, and many businesses in the Islands will accept U.S. dollars in transactions. This exchange rate regime is best described as:(A)a fixed peg. (B)dollarization. (C)a currency board. 解答 通貨委員會 currency board:國內貨幣與外國貨幣之間的匯率是固定的,固定匯 率的設定是經由立法程序,例如港幣與美元之間的關係。 三 民 專 業 輔 考 機 構 6