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Transcript
March 2006 CONTENTS Mavilor Motors 1 Introduction Company 2 RoHS By Alfred Domenech 3 Mavilor Marketing material 4 Mavilor, Planning department. 5 Tachogenerator & Encoder by prof. JC Compter 6 How to contact us by e-mail 7 Mavilor World Distributors. INTRODUCTION This time Mr. Alfred Domenech will comment on the RoHS Directive. As you know the quality system is a basis element of our products. We want to show you as Mavilor structure works, one of the most important mainstay of Mavilor is the Planning Department, it is driven by Mr. Antoni Gregori, he will explain us how this department works. Our Technical article is written by Professor JC Compter, on this ocassion he talks about the thachogenerator and the encoder. Communication is one of our goals, so you can find the e-mail adress of all Mavilor departments. You can contact us directly. Thank you very much, Mavilor Team. Know-How Key products in response to market needs. Working from their insight into market requirements and customer needs, our technical sales and engineering companies determine market requirements and trends. On that basis, we develop and build modular core products in servo-motors. Our broad experience and comprehensive technological expertise in this area is the basis for our highly innovative product development. MAVILOR MOTORS, S.A. Polígono Industrial URVASA, E- 08130 Santa Perpètua de Mogoda (Barcelona) Spain Tel. +34 93 574 36 90 - Fax: +34 93 574 35 70 website: www.mavilor.es - e-mail: [email protected] RoHS Certificate of Compilance Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS) by Alfred Domenech, Quality Manager Mavilor Motors. Mavilor Motors SA is RoHS compliant since 1st of January 2006, according to the directive 2002/95/EC of European Union regarding the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment and components. The application of the defined substances has been eliminated from our products and process as of 1 st of January 2006. All supplied products and components are RoHS conform. We have been working with respect to the environment protection since two years ago and we are ready to be ISO 14001, we expect to be certified during this year. RoHS stands for Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances. It is an European legislation that bans six hazardous substances from manufacturing processes: cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and lead (Pb). This legislation will be effective from July 1st, 2006 and from this date on products using these substances cannot be sold in Europe anymore. Together with RoHS, another directive dealing with electrical and electronic equipment recycling, called WEEE (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment), will take place. RoHS and WEEE will affect each and every electronics or electrotecnics manufacturer directly or indirectly, regardless geographical location the product produced. Mavilor Motors has checked all products used in manufacturing, and has achieved together with our suppliers, that every component goes with such a Directive. 2 2 Mavilor Express - Núm. 32 - March 2006 Catalogues, Brochures and Marketing material We would like to remind you that Mavilor has at your disposition different catalogues on different supports; paper, Cd ,pdf. They will provide you the best information required about our products. Motors and drivers At the same time, if you need any additional publication for Trade Fair, magazines, etc., please do not hesitate to contact us, we have all material that you need. BL 190 Motors Innovative Impulse Washdown BLS/BLT 48VDC. ML no Cogging MLL no Cogging Thanks and best regards, Silvia Romero. Actuator 3 3 PLANNING DEPARTMENT MAVILOR MOTORS by Mr. Antoni Gregori One of the most important, the Planning Department is run by Antoni Gregori, where your orders are processed and planned looking for the shortest delivery time. The Production Planning Department operates under the Factory Management and is directly related to Manufacture and Shipping. It is also related to Engineering, Technical Office and Purchasing. The Planning Department receives customer orders, identifies the products requested, and includes them in production plans. Contact with the customer begins with the offer request (if necessary). If the customer already knows the product code, it is verified that the product is appropriate to be included in production. Otherwise, either because it is a new product or it is an article in which a component must be changed, or if there is no product code, it is sent to the Technical Dept so that appropriate verifications or changes can be made. Once the product and price have been identified, the delivery date is planned based on the data requested by the customer, the production load, and availability of the materials that make up the product. All items are completely analysed through a process similar to the MRP. If any material is missing, the Purchase Order and Manufacturing Order are generated in the appropriate departments. Department in preparation for shipment, including forms of payment, management of letters of credit, shipping addresses or forms of transport. With the information on materials and, hours available and the delivery periods for the materials requested, the decision can be made on the manufacturing and delivery date closest to that requested by the customer. All orders with suitable documentation are duly filed in computerised format and hard copy. Although manufacturing of motors and components is customeroriented (i.e., it is done based on each specific order), after the article has been sent to the Manufacturing Dept, different groups are established and production is optimised in batches of the appropriate size. Needed components for motor assembly are prepared 10 days before the planned date of shipment so that significant time is available in order to ensure that nothing is missing for motor manufacturing. While manufacture is being performed, important work is conducted by the Shipping Finally, the Planning Department prepares the self-control statistics that list delays in delivery based on data requested by the customers, as well as confirmation of orders after being received from the customer. According to the objective established, the order should be confirmed within 2 days of reception. This can be done if it is a standard or known article. Otherwise, Mavilor Motors needs a reasonable period of time in order to be able to confirm with certainty that the product is the same as that requested by the customer. The other objective is that the confirmation date and the date on which the merchandise is actually sent should not be more than 3 days apart. We are working on this in all departments of Mavilor. 4 Mavilor Express - Núm. 32 - March 2006 TACHOGENERATOR & ENCODERS by J.C Compter member of Eindhoven University Introduction to Electromechanics The word tacho is used for many sensors that give an indication of speed. We shall describe some common principles. First of all the "clasic tacho". It is in fact a moving-coil motor with brush, with high requirements being made of the homogeneity of the magnetic field, the winding and the brushless, with a view to the voltage (the EMF) at the connections being directly proportional to the speed over a wide range, the appeal of this tacho is that the signal can be sent straight to the controller without further processing. Three aspects are worth mentioning, and they are the brushles, the tacho ripple and the load. In a motor one of the functions of the brush is to help reduce the commutation current. To this end a deliberate choice is made regarding the resistivity of the brush. But in a tacho this does not come into play, since there is no current worth mentioning flowing in the windings. As a yardstick in a tacho the choice of brush/collector transition, this leads to a brush with a high metal content. Metal springs are also used as brushes. The EMF of a tacho, like the EMF of a motor, has a ripple, wich is associated to the number of laminations. For the peak-peak value of an ideal tacho with n laminations we have: U tt = K. ω mech. (1-sin(2. /n)) The lowest interfering frequency occurring, peculiar to the number of laminations, is equal to: f min = ωmech/n Apart from the irregularities associated to the collector, we must also be prepared for disturbances whose frequency is proportional to the speed of rotation. Inequalities in coils and the magnet are the cause of this. For the speed imbalance in a speed controlled system to meet a particular specification (such as >3%), it is not the case beforehand that the minimum number of laminations is fixed by the above formula. If the frecuency f is greater than the bandwidth of the control loop, it is too slow to correct the apparent speed fluctuations. So the conclusion is that the minimum mechanical angular velocity and the bandwidth of the control set the relation between the maximum permisible speed imbalance as a consequence of the tacho fluctuations and the number of laminations to be used. In addition, we shall have to see whether or not the (apparent) speed variations give rise to a large ripple in the motor current. If this were to be accepted, then the motor will experience more dissipation than necessary and disturbing noise generation and higher mechanical wear in the driver may be expected. Regarding the (electrical) load of a tacho, the tacho must be seen as a voltage source with an internal resistance (the Tacho resistance R tacho). When loading a tacho with a circuit with resistance Ri, The tacho voltage detected is: U=Ri.(EMF/Ri+Rtacho)=EMF.(Ri/Ri+Rtacho) Mavilor provides tachogenerator, included in our product range. incremental encoder LEDs Encoders There are many measuring systems available, which are characterised by an output frequency that is directly proportional to the speed to be detected. The simplest is a small wheel with cogs mounted on the turning shaft. Holding a magnet and a coil in the proximity generates an alternating voltage in the coil, whose frequency is directly proportional to the mechanical speed. Many other forms of construction are feasible and commercially available. If we want to convert this frequency into an analogue voltage for the controller, a frequency-to-voltage converter is required. Analog Devices are one of the companies supplying ICs for this purpose. But many circuits of this kind are characterised by an electrical time constant that is the lowest pulse return time that we want to use. This establishes a clear relationship between the choice of the minimum number of pulses the sensor must emit per rotation, the desired bandwidth and the lowest operating speed. For guidance: minimum pulse frequency 10* the desired bandwidth. For Drives with high specifications as regards speed or position, encoders are used. There are two types of encoder, the absolute and the incremental encoder. Absolute encoders contain electronics that transmit the actual position at every point in time. Incremental encoders sensor SO S90 Time Figure 1. 4 sensors absolute encoder transmit the change in position; if present, an index pulse is also emitted once every rotation. If the incremental encoder is used in a position loop, the actual position can be determined following receipt of the index pulse. Absolute encoders have a larger moment of inertia than incremental encoders. They are also bigger and more expensive. position in more detail. using these electronics 1,000,000 pulses/rotation are attainable. As we have previously said, absolute encoders transmit the absolute position at any given time. To determine this absolute position the disc is equipped with a large number of tracks, which are read out and transmitted to the output simultaneously. Fi . 1 Shows an incremental encoder disc with index. The disc itself is made of a transparent material. Two light sources and light sensors, wich are offset from one another by a quarter space of the grid, emit two signals in combination with the grid, which are 90º offset from one another. Electronic processing produces two square wave signals, the S0 and the S90 signal respectively. The direction of rotation can easily be detected by looking at the signal value of the other signal at the time of an edge. The strength of the absolute encoder is that the rotor position is known immediately after starting a drive, enabling a position control to compare the desired and the actual position straightaway. In addition, an interference pulse at one of the outputs will only lead to an incorrect position indication for the duration of the interference pulse. If the disc has 1000 lines, combining the S0 and S90 signals, gives us 4000 pulses/rotation. there are incremental encoders available commercially with a few hundred to thousands of lines. The unprocessed encoder signal can also be fed to an interpolar; this is an electronic circuit that retrieves the information from the amplitude of these two sensor signals in order to determine the Where the incremental encoder is concerned, in a positional loop we will always have to search carefully for a reference (such as a stop) after starting up. At the same time an interference pulse produces a permanent error until the indexpulse has passed. Encoders are available in both rotary and linear form. Remember that when using linear optical encoders (with a length of 1 meter for example) the temperature can be an interfering factor where the accuracy of the position measured is concerned. 6 6 Mavilor Express - Núm. 32 - March 2006 How to contact us by e-mail Francesc Cruellas General Manager [email protected] Jordi Mayolas Financial Manager [email protected] Joan Galceran Factory Manager [email protected] Enric Solsona Sales Manager [email protected] Miquel Angel Rodriguez Sales Manager [email protected] Alfred Domenech Quality Manager [email protected] Ivan Flotats I+D Engineering [email protected] Albert Bel Technical Office [email protected] Antoni Gregori Planning Department [email protected] Antonio Garcia Purchasing Manager [email protected] Karin verdaguer Purchasing Department [email protected] Silvia Romero Communication Department [email protected] 7 Our Distributor Argentina Australia Austri Brazi Chile China/Beijing China/Shanghai China/Guangzhou China/Hangzhou Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Greece Holland Hungary India Iran +54 1142225040 +61 733974575 +43 225271110 +55 1150941122 +56 2450 4200 +86 10 8202 5588 +86 21 5435 4316 +86 20 8759 1568 +86 57181951299 +420 261123187 +45 43718088 +33169633515 +49 6181180120 +30 3105566239 +31 186 610 155 +36 1265 0677 +91 222 2872211 +98 2139 30203 Israel Italy Japan Korea Malaysia Mexico Morroco Norway Poland Russia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Turkey United Kingdom United States +972 36470471 +39 266200980 +81 3 5298 2700 +82 27852262 +60 52538555 +52 5553632331 +212 22 447871 +47 22335301 +48 713390029 +7 495 9135161 +27 114681881 +34 934601631 +46 21 4703300 +41 22 960 70 70 +886 229145767 +90 216 641 6884 +44 1522699500 +1 2037298258