Download Green Energy Solution for Home Automation by Using

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2016)
Green Energy Solution for Home Automation by Using ZigBee
Technology
Jyoti P.Bari1, Archana N. Shewale2
1
2
PG Student, Asst. Prof., E&TC Department, SGDCOE, Jalgaon, India
Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four
distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space
heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
This project is fully deploying the renewable energy
resources.
Controlling the appliances is the irremissible technique
in the home automation, and communication between the
residential gateway and appliances is irremissible of
controlling electric appliances. That is, one of the important
communication techniques in the home networking is to
control electric appliances and to communicate within the
house.
A home network, a residential local network, is used to
connect several electric appliances within home. The
network is composed of communications with electric
appliances such as a broadband modem, a router, PCs, a
wireless access point, entertainment peripherals, and other
electronic devices. It allows users to control electric
appliances remotely through the external network like
Internet or mobile network. Many of the users can use the
convenient and practical applications such as
entertainments, telecommunications, and remote control
and monitoring systems on the home network. By the rapid
growth of personal computers, Internet, and high advanced
telecommunication technologies, the importance of the
home networking has increasingly emphasized in the
research and commercial society. As the cost of wireless
devices falls down in these days, many new applications
are able to be made with wireless methods. There are many
of wireless methods, such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, in the
area of home networking. Especially, ZigBee, a protocol
for wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4
specification, has become the most attractive technique in
the system environments because of open standard, low
cost, and low power characteristics.
Abstract— The elevation in earlier years in electronics and
communication, computer science and information technology
domain has resulted, that we can generate the energy by using
renewable energy sources one is by using solar energy,
another one is wind mill and one more the optional source is
conventional power. For management of home appliances we
can use this energy. However, the existing systems do not
allow a user to get a feasibility to actively mitigate the power
consumption of home appliances. In the earlier days, the
electric home appliances can be controlled and monitored
with the help of homespun power lines by using power line
communication technology. But, now days a ZigBee
technology is used for the electric home appliances for
controlling for more probable than before. In this, energy
sources i.e. solar panel is connected to battery, parallely the
battery output is connected to microcontroller unit and these
microcontroller is connected to PC through ZigBee for
controlling home appliances. It provides high flexibility for
the users to configure and manage a home network in order to
control electric appliances.
Keywords—Renewable Energy, Home Appliances, Power
Line Communication, ZigBee, Home Network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Automation is today’s fact, where more things are being
completed every day automatically, usually the basic tasks
of turning on or off any devices and across, either remotely
or in close proximity. The control of the appliances when
completely taken over by the machines, the process of
monitoring and reporting becomes more eventful. We are
more and more relinquishing the power for simple but
routine tasks while we need to maintain as much control as
we can over the automated processes. Automation is down
the human judgment to the lowest degree possible but does
not completely eliminate it. Depending on the location of
its usage, automation differs in its name as industrial
automation, home automation etc. With the development of
low cost electronic components, the industrial application
is migrated to home automation.
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that
comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a
human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves
and geothermal heat.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
A. Proposed System
Technology has advanced so much in the last decade
that it has made life more efficient and comfortable. The
comfort of being able to take control of devices from one
particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot
of time and effort.
116
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2016)
Therefore there arises a need to do so in a systematic
manner which we have tried to implement with our system.
The system we have proposed is an extended approach to
automating a control system. With the advancement and
breakthroughs in technology over the years, the lives of
people have become more complicated and thus they have
become busier than before. With the adoption of our
system, we can gain control over certain things that
required constant attention. In this system we used energy
sources i.e. solar panel for energy generation. This
generated energy is stored in battery hence we can use it to
operate our home appliances. The main application of our
system is that we can operate our home appliances
wirelessly by using ZigBee technology. We can turn ON or
turn OFF home appliances from one room, by connecting
all appliances to one system i.e. PC. For this we used
renewable energy is used which is generated from solar
panel and stored in battery. This battery is connected to all
home appliances; hence we can save energy by using
renewable energy source. In past this type of system is
work with the help of domestic power lines by using power
line communication technology. But in our system we used
ZigBee technology. Hence this system will be more
powerful.
Z
i
g
B
e
e
R
x
Battery
1. Solar Power System: Solar power is the conversion of
sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics
(PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)
concentrated solar power system use lenses or mirrors and
tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a
small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into an electric
current using photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaics were
initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and
medium sized applications, from the calculator powered by
a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid
rooftop PV system. The array of a photovoltaic power
system, or PV system, produces direct current (DC) power
which fluctuates with the sun lights intensity. For practical
use this usually requires conversion to certain desired
voltages or alternating current (AC), through the use of
inverters. Multiple solar cells are connected inside
modules. Modules are wired together to form arrays, and
then tied to an inverter, which produces power at the
desired voltage, and for AC, the desired frequency/ phase
[1].
2. Battery: Here 3.3v battery can be used to store the
power from solar panel. It can produce above ranges then it
can be controlled by using Charge controller circuit. Here a
switch is used to provide the safety purpose for drive the
power from renewable energy to battery supply and
maintain to don’t send the power from battery to renewable
energy sources such as solar panel.
3. Power Supply: This section describes how to generate
+3.3V DC power supply. The power supply section is the
important one. It should deliver constant output regulated
power supply for successful working of the project. We
Use voltage regulator to generate 3.3v power supply. A
voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to
automatically maintain a constant voltage level. Generally,
there are two types of regulator, linear regulators and
switching regulators.
PC Host
Power
supply
Microcontroller
R
e
l
a
y
R
e
l
a
y
R
e
l
a
y
PC
Host
Fig.2: Receiver Block Diagram of System
B. System Block Diagram
Solar Panel
MAX232
Z
i
g
B
e
e
T
X
Home
Appliances
Fig. 1: Transmitter Block Diagram of System
117
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2016)
Linear regulators are based on devices that operate in
their linear region, versus, switching regulators are based
on a device forced to act as an on/off switch. Using
adjustable regulator such as LM117 gives the advantage of
outputting two selectable regulated voltages.
This helps the closed circuit between the power supply
and the ground through the coil. When a current flows
through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts an
armature that is mechanically linked to a moving contact.
The movement either makes or breaks a connection with a
fixed contact. When the current to the coil is switched off,
the armature is returned by a force approximately half as
strong the magnetic force to its relaxed position.
Fig.3: Circuit Diagram of Power Supply
4. ARM7 LPC2148: ARM7 LPC2148 microcontroller is
heart of the project, which handle control and communicate
home appliance. ARM7 is a 32-bit Reduced Instruction Set
Computer (RISC) Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
developed by ARM Holdings. It was named the Advanced
RISC Machine and, before that, the Acorn RISC Machine.
The ARM architecture is the most widely used 32bit instruction set architecture in numbers produced
Originally conceived by Acorn Computers for use in
its personal computers, the first ARM-based products were
the Acorn Archimedes range introduced in 1987. LPC2148
has microcontroller with embedded high speed flash
memory and it ranges from 32 kB to 512 kB. A 128-bit
wide memory interface and at maximum clock rate it
enables 32 bit code execution due to its unique accelerator
architecture., The alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces
code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty
for critical code size applications. Due to its small size and
low power consumption, LPC2148 is used where
miniaturization
is
a
key
requirement.
Serial
communications interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Fullspeed device, multiple UARTs, SPI, SSP to I2C-bus and
on-chip SRAM of 8 kB up to 40 kB, these devices very
well suited for communication gateways and protocol
converters, providing both large buffer size and high
processing power.
5. 12V Relay: A relay is a simple electromechanical
switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts.
Here we are using SPST (single pole single throw) type
relay. It will be used to switch ON or OFF the electrical
path between two contacts. This unit provides actual
switching of external device connected to the pin of relay.
The BC547 transistor is used as an electronic switch to pull
down the voltage of coil to the ground.
Fig 4: Design of Relay Driver Circuit
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM,
NC and NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving
part of the switch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the
relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the
relay coil is on.
Connect to COM and NO if we want the switched circuit
to be on when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and
NC if we want the switched circuit to be on when the relay
coil is off.
6. ZigBee: ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard.
Though low powered, ZigBee devices can transmit data
over long distances by passing data through low powered,
ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances
through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones,
creating a mesh network; i.e., a network with no centralized
control or high power transmitter/receiver able to reach all
of the networked devices. The decentralized nature of such
wireless ad hoc networks makes them suitable for such
applications where a central node can’t be relied upon. In
any application when there is requirement of low data rate,
long battery life and secured networking then it uses
ZigBee.
118
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2016)
ZigBee networks are secured by 128 bit symmetric
encryption keys. In home automation applications,
transmission distances range from 10 to 100 meters lineof-sight depending on power output and environmental
characteristics. The wireless nature of ZigBee helps to
reduce the unsolicited installation difficulty with the
existing home automation systems identified earlier. The
ZigBee standard theoretically provides 250kbps data rate,
and as 40kbps can meet the requirements of most control
systems, it is adequate for controlling most home
automation equipments [2].
These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a
typical hysteresis of 0.5 V [3].
Features:
Long Range Data Integrity:
Indoor/Urban: up to 100’ (30 m)
Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 300’ (90 m)
Transmit Power: 1 mW (0 dBm)
Receiver Sensitivity: -92 dBm
Indoor/Urban: up to 300’ (90 m), 200' (60 m) for
International variant
Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 1 mile (1600 m), 2500' (750 m)
for International variant
Transmit Power: 63mW (18dBm), 10mW (10dBm) for
International variant
Receiver Sensitivity: -100 dBm
RF Data Rate: 250,000 bps
Low Power:
TX Peak Current: 45 mA (@3.3 V)
RX Current: 50 mA (@3.3 V)
Power-down Current: < 10 μA
TX Peak Current: 250mA (150mA for international
variant)
TX Peak Current (RPSMA module only): 340mA (180mA
for international variant
RX Current: 55 mA (@3.3 V)
Power-down Current: < 10 μA
Fig.5: Pin Diagram of MAX 232 [3]
8. DC Motor: A DC motor is a mechanically
commutated electric motor powered from direct current
(DC). The stator is stationary in space by definition and
therefore the current in the rotor is switched by the
commutator to also be stationary in space. This is how the
relative angle between the stator and rotor magnetic flux is
maintained near 90 degrees, which generates the maximum
torque. DC motor is a rotating armature winding (winding
in which a voltage is induced) but non-rotating armature
magnetic field and a static field winding (winding that
produce the main magnetic flux) or permanent magnet.
Different connections of the field and armature winding
provide different inherent speed/torque regulation
characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled
by changing the voltage applied to the armature or by
changing the field current. The introduction of variable
resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed
speed control. Modern DC motors are often controlled by
power electronics systems called DC drives. The use of DC
motor in these systems is as a fan.
7. MAX232: The MAX232 is an IC, first created in 1987
by Maxim Integrated Products, that converts signals from
an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use
in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a
dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX,
CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage
level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply
via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This
makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that
otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to
+ 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be
made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this
case. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as
high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels.
C. Software Implementation
We use Matlab software for this system.
1. GUI Design: GUI designs are drawn to describe the
system architecture and flow of proposed system. Main
form, enrollment phase and verification phase are shown in
the GUI design. Photograph 1 shows main form of
proposed system. Photograph 2 shows GUI for enrollment.


119
Login page
Home Automation: Now, user on home automation
page. They can access any of the appliances as per
need.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2016)
Home appliances are connected to microcontroller
through relay. We use ZigBee for communication purpose
i.e. ZigBee is used for data transmission and reception of
system. Hence we can operate our home appliances i.e. on
or off from one room through ZigBee. In this project we
present a new design to control the appliances at home. A
real time system is built using ARM7 controller. The
controller is interfaced with Devices and appliances to
control and monitor them. The system access through
ZigBee so it become operate from anywhere and anytime
but in a specific range. The system provides a separate key
to each device. Thus system coordinates safety and security
issues in a clear and consistent manner. The system also
provides for scalability by allowing addition of new
devices within the network. Thus the project provides a
low-cost, flexible, user-friendly, and very secure
architecture for implementing a Home Automation System.
Photograph 1: Login GUI
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
Photograph 2: Login completed
[3]
III. CONCLUSIONS
Thus we can use renewable energy sources for energy
generation and we can use this energy for controlling and
monitoring our home appliances. We use battery for storing
this renewable energy. This battery is connected to
microcontroller and parallely connected to power supply.
[4]
120
Singamaneni Venkatesh Kumar, Mr.V.Prasannanjaneya Reddy,
MTech, ―Zigbee Based Home Energy Management System Using
Renewable Energy Sources‖ International journal & magazine of
engineering technology, management and research ISSN No.:23484845, volume no.2,January 2015, pp. 5-7.
Jinsoo Han, Chang-Sic Choi, Wan-Ki Park, Ilwoo Lee, and Sang-Ha
Kim, ―Smart Home Energy Management System Including
Renewable Energy Based on ZigBee and PLC IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, Vol. 60, No. 2, May 2014.
Alphy John, I.Bildass Santhosam, ―Home Energy Management
System Based On Zigbee, International Journal of Inventive
Engineering and Sciences (IJIES) ISSN: 2319–9598, Volume-2,
Issue-4, March 2014.
Khusvinder Gill, Shuang-Hua Yang, Fang Yao, and Xin Lu, ―A
ZigBee-Based Home Automation System, IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 2, MAY 2009.